高中英语语法名词性从句.ppt

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1、RelatedConception(相关概念),1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫做名词。2.名词在句中一般可以作什么成分:TheboyisLiMing.Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusmaths.名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、同位语。,主语,表语,主语,同位语,宾语,主语从句SubjectClause,名词性从句NounClause,宾语从句ObjectClause,表语从句PredicativeClause,同位语从句AppositiveClause,Examples,Whatheboughtisoutoffashion.Ilovewhatwewat

2、chedinthecinema.Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,引导名词性从句的连接词,可分为三类：1.从属连词（5个）：that(无词义),whether,if,asif，asthough（不充当从句的任何成分）2.连接代词（10个）：what/whatever,who/whoever,whom/whomever,whose/whosever,which/whichever不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。3.连接副词（7个）

3、：when/whenever,where/wherever,how/however,why（本身有词义且在句中充当成分）,一、主语从句,语法精讲,1.概念：在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。主语从句包含两类，_和_。that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,没有意义,但不能省略。eg:很显然,这个司机控制不了他的车。(obvious)ItwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarThatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar,形式主语,真正主语,(形式主语),wasobvious.,(真正主语),用it作形式主语的结构Itis名

4、词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisapitythat.遗憾的是.Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itisashamethat.真是可耻Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识,用it作形式主语的结构Itis形容词从句(多用should)Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisobviousthat.显然.Itisunlikelythat.不可能Itisstrangethat奇怪的是,Itis不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎Itturnsoutthat.结果是.,Itis过去分词从句Itisr

5、eportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说Itisbelievedthat.人们认为.,_shehasmadesuchamistake.她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。_hedidntcomeyesterday.他昨天没来是很奇怪的。_thenumberofwildanimalsinAfricaisdecreasing.据报道非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。_therewasaterribleplanecrashthismorning.据说今天早上有一起可怕的飞机坠毁事故。,Itisapitythat,Itsstrangethat,Itisr

6、eportedthat,Itissaidthat,语法精讲,(2)if不能用在句首引导主语从句，这时用whether;与ornot搭配表“是否”时，只能用_。eg:他是否离开了还未知。_isunknown.,whether,Whetherheleft,(ornot),(3)关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。_leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.走得最晚的应当关灯。_wedomustbei

7、ntheinterestsofthepeople.我们所做的一定要从人们的利益出发。_hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.他在会议上的发言使所有入会者吃惊。_madethelongdistancecallisnotimportant.谁打的长途电话并不重要。,Whoever,Whatever,What,Who,Attention,whoever/whatever的功用whoever,whatever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whoever=anyonewhowhatever=anythingt

8、hatWhoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.),(4)连接副词有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however,等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。,_hedidntcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。_atelephoneworksisaquestionwhichnoteveryonecananswer.电话是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个

9、人都能回答。_shehasgoneisnotknownyet.她去了哪儿，还不知道。_theywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.他们何时动身还未定下来。,Why,How,Where,When,语法精讲,(5)当主语是一个从句时，谓语动词一般用_。eg:我们所需要的是更多时间与钱。Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.,第三人称单数,1._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whil

10、eB.thatC.ifD.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere_yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown,练一练！,4._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether5._wastoreturntoschool.A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.WhatreallyinterestedhimC.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreally,语法精讲,二、表语从句,概念

11、：在复合句中充当句子表语的从句叫做表语从句。2.结构：主语+系动词(be,seem,look.)+that从句eg:ThetroubleisthatweareshortofmoneyGoandgetyourcoat.Itswhereyouleftit.,连接词,引导表语从句的词有:连词that，whether，asif(好像，仿佛)；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when,where,how，why等。,Herwishis_shecouldloseweightsoon.她的愿望是能够马上减肥。Thatis_thebrotherswantedtomakeabet.那就

12、是兄弟俩为什么想打赌的原因。Thatis_hisgrandparentsoncelived.那就是他祖父母曾经住过的地方。Mystrongestmemoryis_IattendedanAmericanwedding.记忆最深刻的是我参加美国婚礼的时候。,that,why,where,when,语法精讲,3.引导表语从句的连接词：(1)除了上述三类连接词外还有because，asif/asthough等。请注意下列句型：Thereason(why/forwhich.)isthat.eg:他考试不及格的理由是他又懒又粗心。Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamisthathew

13、assolazyandcareless.It/This/Thatisbecause.ItisbecauseyoudontknowhowmuchIloveyou,语法精讲,(2)连系动词appear，look，seem的两个常用句型：Itseems/appearsthat.Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough.(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)Itseemsasthough_他看上去仿佛对真相一无所知。,heknewnothingaboutthetruth,语法精讲,(3)as也可以引导表语从句。Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe(4)主

14、句的主语是名词idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement时,表语从句应用虚拟语气。即:(should)+v.e.g.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustsettingitaside.,1.Thequestionis_wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2._yourfatherwantstoknowis_gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;

15、howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare,表语从句一定要用陈述语序。,引导表语从句只能用whether而不用if。,3.Theproblemis_totaketheplaceofTed.A.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget4.Thereasonwhyhehasntcomeis_.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismothersbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisi

16、ll,1.概念：在复合句中充当句子宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。2.句子结构：主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句3.连接词:从属连词that,whether,if连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what连接副词where,how,why,when,三、宾语从句,Jacktoldme_hehadbeentheretwice.杰克告诉我他去过那里两次。Tomaskedme_Iwasastudent.汤姆问我是不是学生。Doyouknow_theyarewaitingfor?你知道他们在等谁吗？,who(whom),if/whether,that,Hedidntsay_.他没说我们什么时候

17、再见面。Payattentionto_.注意听老师说的话。Heispleasedwith_.他对我们昨天所做的一切感到很满意。,whenwewouldmeetagain,whattheteachersaid,whatwedidyesterday,4.连词(引导词)的使用：当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导,因为if/whether翻译成“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。,连词(引导词)的使用：当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,

18、由特殊疑问词充当连接词,因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。宾语从句应使用陈述句的语序。,5.宾语从句要注意的情况(1)that在宾语从句中可以省略。当谓语动词后出现多个宾语从句并列时，往往只有第一个that可以省略。Iforget(that)myresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayandthatmyteacherhadsaidthathewouldnotacceptlatepapers.我忘了星期二要交论文，我的老师说他不接受迟交的论文。,(2)如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态应按“时态呼应”规则调整成过去范畴的相

19、应时态;若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象，从句仍可保持“现在”范畴时态，不可“呼应”调整。Hesaidthathe_.他说他第二天将飞往埃及。Sherememberedthatshe_.她记起她把伞忘在图书馆了。Theteachertoldusthat_老师告诉我们光速比声速快。,wouldflytoEgyptthenextday,hadleftherumbrellainthelibrary,lighttravelsfasterthansounddoes.,(3)动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用th

20、at。你怀疑他是否准时到达？我很肯定你的答案是错的。他怀疑我能否应付得了。,Doyoudoubt_intime?,thathewillgetthere,Idontdoubt_.,thatyouransweriswrong,Hedoubts_.,if/whetherIcandoit,(4)在接复合宾语的句子中,为了保持句子平衡,用it作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾(即：主语谓语it宾补that从句),常接复合宾语的动词有:make,find,see,hear,feel,think.e.g.Ithinkitnecessary.Ifinditinteresting.,Shemadeitclearthat

21、itwasnotherfault.她清楚表明那不是她的错。,真正的宾语,宾补,(5)whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在下列情况中只能用whether：在介词后；与ornot连用。连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether。而从句是否定句时一般用if。,语法精讲,注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句的区别强调句句型“Itis/was被强调部分that”，去掉“Itis/was.that”，句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews(主语从句)Itisonlylatelythathehasha

22、dafamilyhimself.(强调句)Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem.(强调句),语法精讲,注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导的非限制性定语从句的不同:Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround(主语从句)Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.(非限制性定语从句),一、用合适的连接词填空1.Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor_hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.2.

23、Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_youcanfindthemoften.3.Youaresaying_everyoneshouldbeequal，andthisis_Idisagree.4.Ilikeitintheautumn_theweatherisclearandbright.,where,what,that,whatever,when,宾语,状语,宾从,宾语,状语,状从,5Thebosswantedanassistant_isknowledgeableinFrenchwithworkexperience.6.Thishouselooksbeautiful,doesntit?Well,Idratherhaveahouse,_isbeautifultolook,butmorecomfortabletolivein.,which,who,