语法填空高考英语专项训练四.doc

《语法填空高考英语专项训练四.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语法填空高考英语专项训练四.doc（28页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，这就是推理判断题。推理判断题在阅读测试中属于难题。要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。推理判断题常见的题型有细节推断题、因果推断题、写作意图推断题、人物性格、态度及观点判断题、预测想象推断题、短文来源、读者对象推测题等。命题方式考法（1）细节推断类-关键词句的推敲（2）写作意图类-文体特点推意图（3）观点态度题-褒贬措辞定态度（4）文章出处或读者对象类-内容细节巧判断推理判断类题目常见的设

2、问方式(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _.(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?(3)The auther strongly suggests that_.(4)The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.(5)The writer/auther implies/indicates/suggests that _.(6)The author pr

3、obably feels that _.(7)The author uses the example of. to show that _.(8)Whats the authors attitude toward.?(9) What is the main purpose of the author writing text?(10)The author writes the last paragraph in order to _选项的特点(1)正确选项的特点在文章中可以找到信息支持，并且可以推断出正确选项。大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。(2)干扰项的特点颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结

4、果相反。照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断。推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断。解答推理判断题应注意的问题(1)把握全文是推断的前提。把握全文内容，在彻底理解的基础上，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索，这是推理判断的前提和基础。(2)推理要有理有据。推理判断题不能毫无根据地凭主观臆断做出在原文中找不到根据的推理，也不能妄加猜测，对表面文字信息做多步推理，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。(3)切忌用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。一定要认真分析，仔细揣摩，充分利用文章中的关键信息

5、，弄清作者的写作目的和观点、态度，决不能将自己的观点强加到作者身上。(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇结构。要体会文章的基调，揣测作者的态度，找准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。(5)利用背景知识进行推理。有时做推理判断题需要结合自己所掌握的相关背景知识及经验、常识进行分析、判断，从而得出符合常理的结论。考法综述推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文

6、意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理判断题有逻辑推理、知识推断等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude，learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, may, might等。命题法1细节推断典例1Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didnt know at that time

7、 that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions

8、 of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 mill

9、ion tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improve

10、ment has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment

11、. Today, its hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson. 本文为说明文，题材是节能环保类。作者阐述了自1970年以来，美国在环境保护方面所取得的成就。1What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?AThey have cut car

12、 emissions to the lowest.BThey have settled their environmental problems.CThey have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.DThey have reduced pollution through effective measures.2What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?AEducation. BPlanning. CGreen

13、 living. DCO reduction.【答案解析】A推理判断题。依据最后一段的内容可推知，环保意识教育至关重要。命题法2写作意图推断典例2People arent walking any moreif they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I w

14、asnt in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good days walk and the ability t

15、o cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I racedand beata teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many mi

16、ddleaged persons as bad for the heart. But a wellknown British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exerciseth

17、e most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.T

18、he car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people dont dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while wa

19、iting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the minds best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.What is the authors intention of writing this passage?ATo tell people to reflect more on life.BTo recommend people to give up dri

20、ving.CTo advise people to do outdoor activities.DTo encourage people to return to walking.命题法3观点态度推断典例3The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I

21、left for the land of warmth and vitamin C (维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but

22、the best partparticularly to my taste, dulled by months of coldweather root vegetableswas a 7 am. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake up call. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?AExciting. BBoring. CRelaxing. DAnnoying.【答案解析

23、】 根据第一段第一句话可以看出作者认为在寒冷的冬天，东北地区是一个无趣的地方。故B项正确。命题法4文章来源或读者对象的推断典例4The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsu

24、n production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other specie

25、s (物种) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. Medical research often makes use of

26、 the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread

27、of fullsun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing t

28、echniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.

29、 The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.Where does this text probably come from?AAn agricultural magazine. BA medical journal.CAn engineering textbook. DA tourist guide.【答案解析】根据整篇文章来看，多次提到种植grow，讨论了fullsun coffee production对环境等的影响，应与农业有关，故选

30、A。【解题法】文章来源或读者对象推断题的解题思路(1)文章来源题，考生应具备一些常识，对报刊、网络童话、广告等有一定了解。根据文章特点，文中关键词、文章所阐述内容找到与之相应的文章来源。(2)读者对象推断题，首先把握作者的写作意图，然后推断读者对象。命题法5预测推断题典例5Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes be

31、fore an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking.

32、 He never did.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _.Aan empty pan Bmany clean dishesCpieces of baked bread Da cloth covering something【解题法】预测推断题的解题思路(1)从文中找到与题干相关的信息。(2)理解文意，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容进行预测推断。(3)把握作者的写作思路，作出合理准确的推断。专项训练细节推断类 (2017太原二模)Three years ago a flash of ligh

33、tning almost destroyed Lyn Dianas house in Aberdeenwith her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm，” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. My brother and I were outside making every effort to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by a very l

34、arge bang. When I picked myself up, the roof and the whole upper storey of the house had been destroyed. The door was blocked by broken bricks, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told that to be struck by lightning is a chance in million, In fact, its a

35、t one chance in 600 000. Even so, Dr. Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organization that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be careful. He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and bend into a ball, making yourself as small as possibl

36、e.Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a flash of lightning. Mrs. Wilders heart stopped beating, but she was brought back to consciousness and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for burns to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Si

37、nce that time, she has been a completely fairweather golfer. In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm. The best place to be is inside a car!Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He seemed to be

38、 unhurt, but it later turned out that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. Since then the freezing South Carolina winters havent bothered Harold.1. What damage did the rainstorm cause to Mrs. Dianas family?A. Her house was flooded and fell down.B.

39、 Her children were seriously ill and hurt.C. The top storey of her house was completely destroyed.D. The door in the house was broken by a very large bang.2. What did Mrs. Wilder do after surviving the lightning strike?A. She played golf only on fine days.B. She never played golf again.C. She often

40、went to see a doctor.D. She never took any medicine.3. What do we know about Harold Deal from the last paragraph?A. The lightning strike did not do any harm to him.B. The lightning strike burnt his hair and skin terribly.C. He suffered a lot from the freezing cold in South Carolina.D. He wasnt sensi

41、tive to temperatures after the lightning strike.4. What can we conclude from the passage?A. It happens quite often that lightning strikes people during a storm.B. During a thunderstorm you are safer in your house than in your car.C. During a thunderstorm it is the safest for you to stay under a big

42、round ball.D. If you are caught in a storm, youd get down as low as possible on the ground. 【答案解析】语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了三个遭受闪电袭击的人的经历以及专家对此给出的一些应对措施。1C细节理解题。写作意图推断类In 1978, I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from home. I was looking forward to having five days off fro

43、m duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home had already left. So I thought Id hitch a ride (搭便车)I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldnt give me a l

44、ift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwi

45、ches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.Twentyfive years later, in 2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favor Id been given decades earlier. I p

46、ulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”I couldnt remember where Id met him. He then told me he was the man who had given m

47、e lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.1. The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because _.A. her work delayed her trip to her home B. she missed the only train back homeC. she was going home for her holidaysD. the town was far away from her home2. Which of the

48、following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?A. He helped the girl find a ride.B. He gave the girl a ride back home.C. He bought sandwiches for the girl.D. He watched the girl for three hours.3. The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that _.A. she realized he was GordonB. she had known him for de