3~4岁儿童攻击行为的多方法测评及其与'心理理论'的关系-王益文.docx
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1、硕士学位论文 34岁儿童攻击行为的多方法测评及其与心理理论的关系 姓名:王益文 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:发展与教育心理学 指导教师:张文新 2002.4.29 中文摘要 14858 (攻击行为是儿葷中普遍存在的 种社会行为,是儿章个性社会性发展的重要 内容。攻击行为影响儿童人格和品德的形成,是个体社会化成败的重要指标 Q长 期以來,儿童攻击行为一直是心理学特別是发展心理学的重要课题和研究热点 0 本论文由两项研究组成,研究一是 3 4岁儿章攻击行为的多方法测评研究, 研究二是 3 4岁儿童攻击行为与 心理理论 的关系。 L童攻击行为测评的科学性、有效性和准确性直接决定着该领域研究的水平 和质
2、量,对测评方法的研究和评价从而成为该领域研究的基础和前提条件。儿童 攻击行为的测评方法主要有问卷法、量表法、观察法、社会测量法、访谈法等。 国内外己有的研究多采用单一方法测评儿童的攻击行为,常常导致研究方法的效 度不高。 )研究一以整群抽样法选取 177名 3-4岁幼儿园小班儿童为被试,同时运 用自然观察法、母亲评定法、教师评定法和同伴提名法,多方法多角度地评定儿 童的攻击行为,采用潜变量测量模型检验儿童攻击行为的多方法测评与实测数据 拟合情况, fe出如下主要结论: (1) 自然观察、教师评定、母亲测量和同伴提名具有较高的信度; (2) 四种测评方法均爯有较高的效标关联效度,同伴提名和教师评
3、定的效标 关联效度高于自然观察和母亲测量: (3) 四种测评方法的测评模型与实测数据拟合良好,表明多方法测评足汜为 准确有效的攻击行为测评工具。 儿童攻击行为的认知机制是该领域研究中的深层问题。道夼的社会信总加T. 校型是解释儿联攻缶行为认知机制的茗名理论,但某些攻击行为如间接攻击的实 施客观 I:要求儿屯 B备相对较高的认知和操纵他人心理的能力,这枭道夼的 认 知缺陷假说 所无法解释的。儿取攻而厅为的认知机制可能与攻击 “为的类型相 联系,屈于讶体、动作攻击型与以实施 N接攻缶为主的儿窀的认知能力可能 # 茇异。因此耍结合攻忐行为的类兜对攻 1?性儿货的认知特点进厅研究。我们 把这 -观点称
4、为攻 JHr为认知扒制的 炎 特殊性 假说 v 心邢理论 足指个休对他人和 ( 1 d心邢状态及 U: S他人汀为的关系的 - 冲 常i只性认知 # 研究:制队沿命的从研究 的波试屮选収 93 % 幼 识为波 ut以 n然观衫法为儿负攻丄十 1 的测奸指标,采川 总外和 队 骗外表 两种测验任务,从 心理理论 的角度探讨儿衆攻击行为的认知机制 D 究得出如下主要结论: (】 )攻击儿童与无攻击行为儿笔的心理理论能力不存在显著差异 (2) 间接攻击儿童的心理理论能力显著高于身体攻击和无攻击行为儿葷 .,其 他儿童之间不存在显著差异; (3) 各组儿童对自己心理的 认知能力 不存在显著差异; 本论
5、文的创新之处在于运用潜变量测量模型进行多方法多角度的测量分析, 评定儿童攻击行为测评方法的信度和效度,建立评估儿童攻击行为的最优方法和 科学指标;通过现场实验证明,攻击儿童与无攻击行为儿童的心理理论能力不存 在显著差异,至少是某些攻击儿童(如间接攻击儿童)并不存在认知缺陷。 1 关键词:攻击行为 7测评方法丨潜变量测量模型 , 心理理论 分类号: B844.1 Abstract Aggression is a type of social behavior of relatively high prevalence among children. It is an aspect of chil
6、drens personality and social development. Aggression is closely associated with the formation of childrens personality and morality, and normally considered as an important index of individuals7 socialization. The development of childrens aggressive behavior is one of the most important research are
7、as in developmental psychology. This dissertation is consist of two studies. Study one focused on the multi-method assessment of childrens aggressive behavior between 3 to 4 years old, and study two explored the relationship of childrens aggressive behavior to their theory-of-mind. Effective and acc
8、urate assessment of childrens aggressive behavior determines directly level and quality of the research in the area. Therefore, the study and evaluation of methods for assessing children aggressive behavior constitutes one of the most fundamental tasks for the research in this area 丁 he main methods
9、 of measuring children aggressive behavior include questionnaire, scale, observation, nomination, interview and so on. Most previous studies used solar method to measure children aggressive behaviors, and often led to low validity of the result, and at times lead to difficulties in testifying the re
10、sults from one another. In the first study, a panel of measures including natural observation, mother assessment, teacher assessment and peer nomination were employed in a sample of 177 3-4 years old children from three urban kindergartens. The validity and reliabilities of each method was evaluated
11、 for each measure. The main findings of study one were as follows: 1. Natural observation, mother assessment, teacher assess and peer nomination each had comparatively high reliability. 2. Each of th four measures also had comparatively high criterion validity. 3. The theoretical multiple-method mod
12、el using four measures was very well fitted to data, which proved to be a more accurate and effective measuring tool of aggression. conducting of certain type of aggressive behavior such as indirect aggression does require comparatively high cognitive ability to understand and manipulate others mind
13、 on the part of the aggressor, which canH be explained by Dodge 5s cognitive deficiency hypothesis. We believe that the cognitive process under children aggressive behavior may be relates to the types of aggressive behavior. The cognitive ability of those children categorized as indirect-aggression
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