William-Shakespeare(免费).ppt
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1、William Shakespeare (1564-1616) la great humanist, la great poet, la dramatic genius, the greatest playwright of all time. la master of languagel37 plays, two narrative poems and 154 sonnets.lSHAKESPEARES HOUSEHIS LIFElborn on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-AvonlIn 1582, married at age 18, then h
2、ad 3 children.lIn 1586, left for London to make a fortunelBy 1584 he emerged as a rising playwright in London, and became soon a central figure in Londons leading theater, acted and wrote for the Lord Chamberlains Men, later renamed as the Kings Men.lFrom 1591 to 1611, the prime of his dramatic care
3、er.lIn 1599 a new theater, called The Globe, was built. lIn 1603, Hamlet was first printed.lShakespeare died on April 23, 1616. The Globe Theater 1599The New Globe Theater 1999Four Periods of His Dramatic Careera. Period of Early Experimentation (?-1594)b. Period of Rapid Growth and Development (159
4、5-1600)c. Period of Gloom and Depression (1601-1607)d. Period of Calm after Storm (1608-1612)1st period (up to 1594) : one of experimentation.lHis early plays, unlike his more mature work, are characterized to a degree by formal and rather obvious construction and by stylized verse. l5 history plays
5、 and 4 comedies.l1592-1598, he finished 154 sonnets.2nd period (1594-1600): style became highly individualized.lMost important plays concerned with English history. l5 histories: King John, Richard II, Henry IV,and Henry V . l6 Comedies: The Merchant of Vince, A Midsummer Nights Dream, As You Like I
6、t, Twelfth Night, The Merry Wives of Window . l2 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar3rd period (1601- 1607 ): the most profound of his works.lGreatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. lIn them he used his poetic idiom as an extremely supple dramatic instrument, capable of recordi
7、ng human thought and the many dimensions of given dramatic situations. lMajor Works: Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello, Alls Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure.4th period (1608-1613): principal romantic tragicomedies. lShakespeare created several plays that, through the use of magic, art, co
8、mpassion, or grace, often suggest rescued hope for the human condition. lThese plays are written with a grave quality differing from Shakespeares earlier comedies, but they end happily with reunions. lMajor works: Cymbeline, Tempest, Winters Tale. They reflects a change in fashion in the drama of th
9、e period.BackHis Major Plays & Dramatic CareerThe First Period (1590-1594)Henry VI, Part II (1590)Henry VI, Part III (1590)Henry VI, Part I (1591)Richard III (1592)The Comedy of Errors (1592)Titus Andronicus (1593)The Taming of the Shrew(1593)The Two Gentlemen fromVerona (1594)Loves Labours Lost (15
10、94)Romeo and Juliet (1595) The Second Period (1595-1600)Richard 11 (1595)A Mid-Summer Nights Dream(1595)King John (1596)The Merchant of Venice (1596)Henry IV, Part I (1597)Henry IV, Part 11 (1597)Much Ado about Nothing (1598)Henry V (1598)The Merry Wives of Windsor (1598)Julius Caesar (1599)As You L
11、ike It (1599)Twelfth Night (1600)The Third Period (1601-1607)Hamlet (1601)Troilus and Cressida (1602)Alls Well That Ends Well (1602)Measure for Measure (1604)Othello (1604)King Lear (1605)Macbeth (1605)Antony and Cleopatra (1606)Coriolamus (1607)Timon of Athens (1607)The Fourth Period (1608-1612) Pe
12、ricles (1608)Cymbeline (1609)The Winters Tale (1610)The Tempest(1612)Henry VIII (1612)(unfinished)BackComedy History Tragedy Poetry (1)Alls Well That Ends Well (2)As You Like It(3)The Comedy of Errors (4)Cymbeline (5)Loves Labors Lost (6)Measure for Measure (7)The Merry Wives of Windsor (8)The Merch
13、ant of Venice (9)A Midsummer Nights Dream(10)Much Ado About Nothing(11)Pericles, Prince of Type(12)Taming of the Shrew (13)The Tempest (14)Troilus and Cressida (15)Twelfth Night (16)Two Gentlemen of Verona Winters TaleHenry IV, part 1 Henry IV, part 2 Henry V Henry VI, part 1 Henry VI, part 2 Henry
14、VI, part 3 Henry VIII King John Richard II Richard IIIAntony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Julius Caesar King Lear MacbethOthello Romeo and JulietTimon of Athens Titus Andronicus 154 Sonnets A Lovers Complaint The Rape of Lucrece Venus and Adonis Funeral Elegy by W.S. Sonnets He writes his sonnets
15、 in the popular English form, three quatrains and a couplet, with occasional variation; Sonnets 1-126: are addressed to a beautiful young man on the theme of friendship and beauty. Sonnets 127-152 are addressed to a dark lady, daughter of an Italian singer in London, who was Shakespeares mistress. S
16、onnets 153-154 are a kind of epigram.the theme of historical playsShakespeares histories are political plays. The principal idea: national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.ComedylThe comic vision of the world is bright and celebratory.lDark elements give way to joy, love and un
17、derstanding. lComedy ends happily.Characters of comedylTwo important elements of a happy ending are the idea of the lost being found and marriage.lMarriage is the happy conclusion of falling in love and the promise of birth and new life. It is a sign of love, harmony and hope.lMistaken identity, dec
18、eption, and disguise are common ways of organizing the plots.Great ComedieslThe Merchant of Vince, lA Midsummer Nights Dream, lAs You Like It, lTwelfth NightBackThe Merchant of VenicelBassanio-fortune hunterlPortia-celebrated beautylAntonio-the merchantlShylock-the usurerlIt exposes the evils of the
19、 society: greed, malice, racial prejudice, money-worship, injustice and cruelty.Theme of The Merchant of VenicelThe traditional theme is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiatable greed and brutality of
20、 the Jew.lIt is regarded now as a satire of the Christians hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.Shakespeares four great tragediesHamlet King LearKing Lear OthelloOthello MacbethMacbeth All
21、of these plays express a profound dissatisfaction with life. They show the struggle and conflicts between good and evil of the time, between justice and injustice. In these plays, the writer condemns the dark and evil society.The theme of tragediesCommons and weakness between the characters in his t
22、ragediesThe four greatest tragedies have some common characteristics in common. Each portrays a noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.Each hero has his weakness of nature: Hamlet,
23、 the melancholic scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othellos inner weakness is taken advantage of by the outside evil force; the old King Lear, unwilling to totally give up his power, makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity, and Macbeths lust for power stirs up his
24、 ambition and leads him to crimes.SonnetlA sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme.lSonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter, following one of two traditional patterns: a. the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet rhymed abba abba cdecde b.
25、 the Shakespearean or English sonnet rhymed abab cdcd efef gg.BackShakespearean SonnetlA Shakespearean, or English sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line contains ten syllables, and each line is written in iambic pentameter in which a pattern of a non-emphasized syllable followed by an emphasized sy
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