英语3000常用词用法详解词典.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语3000常用词用法详解词典英语3000常用词用法详解词典英语3000常用词用法详解词典英语3000常用词用法详解词典(a-b)Aa eI,E / anAn,En art. 1.一(个、张、件、本、块、首等)：I have a sister and two brothers. 我有一个妹妹和两个哥哥。2.(一类事物中的)任何一个，任何：A bicycle has t

2、wo wheels. 自行车有两只轮子。3.(用于短语中表示价格、比率、速度等)每：115 miles an hour 每小时115英里 / Meetings are held four times a year. 每年举行四次会议。4.(用于指某人的职业)一位，一名：I want to be an actor. 我想做一名演员。5.用于数词前，相当于one：a thousand dollars 1000美元 6.用于表达数量的短语中，如：a little 少量，少许：Id like a little time to think about it please. 请给我一点时间将它考虑一下。a

3、 set of 一套，一副：We have a set of new glasses. 我们有一套新玻璃杯。a little bit 一点儿，少许：It will warm up a little on Sunday.星期日就会有点暖意了。a few (表示肯定)有些，几个：A few people were killed in the fire, but most were saved. 在那场火灾中，有几个人被烧死，但大部分人都得救了。a lot 很，非常，常常：He smokes a lot. 他抽烟很多。a lot of 大量，许多：She loves having a lot of

4、kids round her. 她喜欢身边有许多小孩。a piece of 一片，一块：Please cut me a piece of cake. 请给我切一块蛋糕。【用法】a 和an 是不定冠词，a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：a picture (一张画)，an old man (一位老人)等。另外读音以元音音素开头的字母及字母缩略词(如 a, e, f, h, I, m, n, o, SOS, MBA 等)前若用不定冠词，要用an，不用a。abbreviation E:bri:vi5eIFn n.U尤指单词等的)缩写形式：PRC is an abb

5、reviation for “Peoples Republic of China”. PRC是Peoples Republic of China的缩写形式。able 5eIbl adj. 有能力的，能干的：He is an able lawyer. 他是一位有才干的律师。/ She is old but still able. 她虽然老了但仍然很能干。be able to 能，会：I am afraid I wont be able to visit you on Saturday. 恐怕我无法在星期六来拜访您了。/ Are you able to speak a foreign langua

6、ge? 你能讲外语吗?/ I havent been able to get in touch with her. 我一直未能和她联系上。aboutE5baJt prep.1.关于,对于：a book about American history 一本关于美国历史的书 / They are talking about their holiday. 他们正在谈论自己的假期。2.在附近，在周围：I saw it about here. 我在这附近看到过它。 3.大约，几乎：Its about three miles from here to the city center. 从这里到市中心大约三英

7、里。4.到处，附近，在周围：They walked about the streets. 他们在街上到处走走。be about to do sth 即将做某事：I was about to go to sleep when someone knocked. 我正要睡觉突然有人敲门。How (What) about 的情况怎样：What about father? We cant just leave him here. 父亲怎么办？我们可不能把他留在这里。【用法】1.表示“大约”，通常用于数字前：I should suppose him to be about fifty. 我想他大约五十岁左

8、右。2.在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about，含义有差别：She knows him. 她认识他。/ She knows about him. 她知道有关他的情况。3. be about to (do)，意为“即将”“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(soon, tomorrow, immediately等)连用：We are about to enter the freeway. 我们正好要上高速公路。不说：We are about to enter the freeway soon.accessoryEk5sesErI n. C配件，饰品：acces

9、sories of a bicycle 自行车的附件accident5AksIdEnt n. C交通事故，车祸：He had an accident some ten days ago. 他约10天前发生车祸。by accident 偶然，意外地：I discovered the answer by accident. 我很偶然地发现了答案。/ I ran into an old friend of mine by accident. 我偶然碰上一位老朋友。according to E5kC:dIN prep. 根据，按照：According to my watch it is 10 oclo

10、ck. 按我的表是10点钟。/ According to the rules, you have to pay for it. 依照规定，你得赔偿。【用法】该介词短语通常只表示根据别人或别处，而不能表示根据自己，所以它不能用于第一人称，同时也很少用于第二人称，而主要用于第三人称。另外，其后习惯上不接 view (看法)和 opinion (意见)这类词，遇此情况可用 in ones opinion。accordionE5kC:dIEn n.C 手风琴achieveE5tFi:v v. 完成，取得：Theyve achieved what they set out to do. 他们已经完成了原

11、来计划要做的事情。/ Without your help, I couldnt have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。achievementE5tFi:vmEnt n. 1. U完成，实现：the achievement of ones goals 达到目标 / a feeling of achievement 成就感 2. C成就，功绩：He was proud of his daughters achievements. 他为女儿的成就自豪。acrossE5krRs prep. 横过，在对面：She walked across the stre

12、et. 她步行穿过街道。/ There is a bus stop just across the road. 在马路对面就有一个公交站。across from 在对面：The park is across from the church. 公园在教堂对面。【辨析】across 与 through：两者均可表示“横过、穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念，而后者则指在里面或在一定空间范围内“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念，如：I drew a line across the page. 我在那一页上面画了一条横线。/ He walked through the forest a

13、lone. 他独自一人穿过森林。【注意】across 是介词，注意不要与动词 cross (穿过)混淆。actAkt v. 表演，演戏：Ive never acted before. 我以前从未演过戏。/ Hes always wanted to act the part of Hamlet. 他一直想演哈姆雷特这个角色。n. C表演者，短节目：They are one of rock musics most exciting live acts. 他们是摇滚乐中最令人激动的现场演出团体之一。/ Her act includes singing and dancing. 她的表演包括唱歌和跳舞

14、。【派生】actor 常指“(男)演员”，actress 常指“(女)演员”active5AktIv adj. 活跃的，积极的：Students should take an active part in college life. 学生应该积极参与大学的活动。/ She continues to be active in politics. 她继续在政坛保持活跃。activityAk5tIvItI n.C,U 活动：classroom activities 课堂活动 / outdoor activities 户外活动 / Theres been a lot of activity in th

15、e town center today. 今天市中心一直活动很多。actor5AktE n.C 演员：a good actor 好演员actually5AktFJElI adv. 实际上，实在：Weve spoken on the phone but weve never actually met. 我们在电话中交谈过，但实际上我们并未见过面。/ You dont actually believe her, do you? 你并不真的的相信她，是吗？addAd v. 加，增加，加添：The fire is going out; add some wood to it. 火要灭了，加些柴。/ I

16、f you add two and to eight, you get ten. 2 加 8 等于10。/ Please add these figures up together. 请将这些数字加起来。addto 把加到上：He wanted to add his name to the letter. 他想在信上加签他的名字。add to 增加：This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。 add up 加起来：You havent added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对。 add up to 加起来等于，意味着：T

17、he figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于500。/ Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答意味着拒绝。addressE5dres n.C 通讯处，地址：Let me give you my business address. 我把我的工作地址给你吧。/ Tell me if you change your address. 若更动地址，请告诉我。【注意】用作名词，意为“地址”时，要注意英语和汉语两种语言的不同用法，如：汉语中的“你住在哪里?”在英语中不能直译为：Where is your address

18、? (写有你的地址的纸条放在哪儿了?) 而应说：Where do you live? 或 Whats your address?adjustableE5dVQstEb(E)l adj. 可调节的，可调整的：an adjustable chair 可调节的椅子 / an adjustable spanner 活动扳手adult5AdQlt n.C 成年人：Tickets are $2.0 for adults and $1.5 for children. 成人票为2.0美元，儿童票为1.5美元。/ The adults teach them these skills. 大人们教他们这些技术。ad

19、j. 成人的：She was born here but has spent her adult life in America. 她在这里出生，成年后在美国生活。advantageEd5vB:ntIdV n. C, U 有利条件，优点：Mary speaks good English, but she has an advantage because her mother is English. 玛丽英语说得好，因为她有一个有利条件，她妈妈是英国人。/ There is no advantage in driving into London. There wont be anywhere t

20、o park. 开车到伦敦去毫无好处。伦敦根本没地方停车。take advantage of sth 利用某物：Many schools dont take full advantage of the Internet. 很多学校没有充分利用因特网。take advantage of sb 占某人的便宜：The dandy tried to take advantage of the girl. 那花花公子企图占那姑娘的便宜。adverb5Adv:b n. C 副词：In the sentence “Please speak slowly”, “slowly” is an adverb. 在句

21、子“Please speak slowly”中，slowly 是副词。advertisementEd5v:tIsmEnt n. C广告(= ad)，广告活动：put an ad(advertisement) in a newspaper 在报纸上登广告 / The wall was covered with advertisements. 墙上贴满了广告。/ They like advertisements which show women in office, planes, and cars. 他们喜欢那些表现妇女在办公室工作、乘飞机旅行、驾驶着汽车等情形的广告。【说明】在口语中简称 ad

22、 advertisement 指做广告、登广告这种活动时，为不可数名词，指所做、所登的广告本身时，为可数名词。advertising5AdvEtaIsIN n. U广告：an advertising agency 广告公司 / We spend $2 million a year on advertising. 我们每年花200万美元做广告。adviceEd5vaIs n. U 意见，劝告，忠告，建议：Ask your father for advice. 问问你父亲的意见。/ She took her doctors advice and gave up smoking. 她听从医生的劝告，

23、戒烟了。/ We are here to give people advice about health issues. 我们在此就健康问题向人们提供建议。【用法】1.表示“建议，劝告，忠告”等时，是不可数名词，不能说 an advice 或 some advices,可以说 a piece of advice 或 a lot of advice。2.表示按照某人的意见做某事，一般要用介词 on 或 by：They did the work on by her advice. 他们按她的意见做此工作。3.表示提出建议或忠告，一般用动词 give，表示向某人请教或征求意见，一般用动词ask (f

24、or)，表示接受意见或劝告，一般用动词take, follow, accept。4.其后若接 that 从句，通常用“(should +)动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如：The doctors advice is that he (should) give up smoking. 医生建议他戒烟。adviseEd5vaIz vt. 忠告，劝告，建议：They strongly advised me not to do so. 他们竭力劝我不要这样做。【用法】1.表示“建议”，通常为及物动词，其后接动词，通常应接动名词，而不能接不定式：I advise waiting till the right

25、 time. 我建议等到适当的时候。注意：advise 之后不能直接跟不定式，但可接不定式的复合结构：They advised us not to travel on Friday. 他们建议我们不要星期五去旅行。2.其后若接 that 从句，通常要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形)：He advised that I (should) give her a telephone call. 他建议我给她打个电话。affordE5fC:d v. 负担得起，买得起：We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。They did not consi

26、der whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。【用法】常与 can, could, be able to 连用，表示“担负得起(的费用、损失、后果等)”或“抽得出(时间)”，后面一般接名词、代词、不定式等。如：We couldnt afford (to buy) a computer. 我们当时买不起一台电脑。/ I cant afford the time for it. 这时间我花不起。afraidE5freId adj. 1. 怕的，害怕的：Dont be afraidI wont hurt you. 别害怕，我

27、不会伤害你的。2.担心的，担忧的：He was afraid that he would fail in the exam. 他担心考试会不及格。3.(用于礼貌地拒绝)恐怕：Im afraid I really dont agree. 恐怕我真的不能同意。【用法】1.是形容词，不是动词，所以不能单独用作谓语：Dont be afraid. 别怕。不能说：Dont afraid. 2.是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。但若是本身有修饰语，则也可以放在名词前作定语，有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语：a girl afraid of dogs 怕狗的女孩。3.Im afraid 意为

28、“恐怕”，主要用来委婉地提出异议或说出令人不快的事情等：I cant help you, Im afraid. 恐怕我不能帮你。4.表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接 of doing sth：A lot of people are afraid to lose (of losing) their jobs. 许多人担心失业。Africa5AfrIkE n. 非洲：Kenya is one of the countries in Africa. 肯尼亚是非洲的一个国家。/ Africa is rich in minerals. 非洲矿产丰富。afte

29、r5B:ftE adv. 以后，后来：They lived happily ever after. 他们后来一直生活得很幸福。 prep. 1.(指时间)在之后，后来：I hope to arrive some time after lunch. 我希望午餐后可以到达。/ After doing my homework, I went out for a walk. 做完课外作业后，我出去散步。2.(表位置、顺序等)在之后：Shut the door after you. 顺手关门。 conj. 在以后：They arrived at the station after the train h

30、ad left. 列车离站之后，他们才到达。after all 毕竟，终究：After all, Ive nothing to be ashamed. 毕竟，我没什么可惭愧的。after you (客套话，进门谦让等时用)您先请 day after day 日复一日：Day after day the rain continued. 雨一天一天地下个不停。one after another (the other) 一个接一个：It seems to be just one problem after another. 看来问题是一个接着一个。【辨析】after 与 in：1.均可与一段时间连用

31、，表示“在之后”，但 after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，因此通常与过去时连用，而 in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子中：My father came back after three days. 3 天后我爸爸回来了。/ Its two oclock; Ill come in an hour. 现在是两点钟，我1小时后过来。2.after 除与一段时间连用外，还可与时间点连用，此时可用于将来时(注：in 不能与时间点连用)：He will arrive after five oclock. 他5点钟以后到。afternoonB:ftE5n

32、u:n n. C, U 下午，午后：We have no classes on Saturday afternoons. 每周星期六下午我们不上课。/ Ill have a sleep in the afternoon. 午后我要睡一会儿。【用法】泛指一般的下午与介词 in 连用，特指具体某一天的下午时，则与介词 on 连用。如：We have sports in the afternoon. 我们下午进行体育活动。/ He left Japan on the afternoon of May 1, 2006. 他于2006年5月1日下午离开日本。againE5ein adv. 再一次，又一次

33、：Please say that again. 请再说一遍。/ Lets start again from the beginning. 让我们从头再来一遍。/ Never do that again！再也不要做那种事了。again and again (time and time again, over and over again) 一再，屡次：Ive told you again and again not to play there. 我已多次告诉你不要在那里玩。now and again 不时地，有时：She meets her old boyfriend for a drink n

34、ow and again. 她不时与她过去的男朋友见面去喝上一杯。【用法】不与那些已含有 again 意义的动词(如renew 续借，repeat 重说，rewrite 重写等)连用。如我们可以说 Please repeat it 或 Please say it again，但我们不能说 Please repeat it again。againstE5eInst prep. 反对，对着：We will fight against the enemy. 我们将同敌方作战。/ She argued against changing the design. 她据理力争反对修改设计。【注意】again

35、st 是介词，而不是动词。表示“反对”时，其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词strongly。如：Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? / They are strongly against the idea. 他们很不赞成这个主意。ageeIdV n. C, U年龄，年纪：Whats his age? 他多大年纪? / He doesnt look his age. 他看上去比他的实际岁数小。/ At your age you should know better. 在你这个年龄，你应该更懂道理了。at the ag

36、e of 在岁的时候：At the age of 11, I went to live with my aunt. 在11岁的时候，我去和我的姨妈一起生活。agent5eIdVEnt n. C 代理人，代理商，经纪：Most actors and musicians have their own agents. 大部分演员和音乐家都有自己的经纪人。aggressive5EresIv adj. 侵犯的，挑衅的：aggressive weapons 攻击性武器 / He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。agoE5EJ adv. (距)以前：It was seven years

37、ago that she went abroad. 她7年前出国了。/ She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. 她3年前毕业，从那时起便一直当护士。/ I met her a month ago. 我一个月前见过她。【辨析】ago 与 before：1.两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后)，但 ago 表示从现在向前回溯，即现在的过去，因此通常与一般过去时连用，而 before 则表示从过去向前回溯，即指过去的过去，因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)：I b

38、ought the computer five years ago. 我是 5 年前买这台电脑的。/ He said they had left seven days before. 他说他们7天前就离开了。2.before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间)，泛指“以前”，此时可用于一般过去时，也可用于现在完成时：I have been to Beijing before. 我以前去过北京。agreeE5ri: v. 同意，赞成：Beth thought that the house was too small, and Dave agreed. 贝思认为这座房子太小了，大卫也认为是这样。ag

39、ree with 赞同，持相同意见，(食物、天气、工作等)对适宜：I agree with you. = I agree with what you say. 我赞同你的意见(我和你意见一致)。/ The weather does not agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。/ Hard work does not agree with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适宜。agree about on (关于)意见一致：We agree about on that. 关于那件事，我们的意见一致。agree to 同意(某提议)：I agreed to their proposal.

40、我同意他们的提议。【用法】1.后接表示人的名词或代词时，一般只用agree with。2.agree不能接不定式的复合结构，所以汉语中的“同意某人做某事”，不能直译为 agree sb to do sth，而应根据情况改用其它结构。如我们可说They agreed to let me go 或 They agreed to my going，但不能说They agreed me to go。aideId n. U 帮助，救助，援助，救护，辅助器具：first aid 急救 / teaching aids 教具 / An English-Chinese dictionary is an impo

41、rtant aid in learning English. 一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要工具。aimeIm n. U目标，目的：Our aim is that all children complete secondary education. 我们的目标是让所有孩子完成中级教育。/ What is your aim in doing that? 你做那件事的目的是什么? v. 瞄准，打算：I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。aim at 瞄准，针对：My daughter aims at becoming a police officer. 我女儿立志要做一名警官。a

42、irplane5eEpleIn n. C飞机：The airplane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞。/ The airplane got to London at 4:30 pm. 飞机下午四点半抵达伦敦。airport5eEpC:t n. C小型民用机场：They will meet the Turners at the airport. 他们要去机场迎接特纳一家。/ A group of reporters was were gathering at the airport. 一群记者聚集在机场。alarm clock E5lB:mC闹钟：What time shal

43、l I set the alarm (clock) for? 我该把闹钟拨到几点钟响？album5AlbEm n. C 集子，相片簿，唱片集：The album contains many memorable songs. 这张唱片中包括许多值得收集的歌曲。algebra5AldVIbrE n. U 代数，代数学：I cant do this sum (problem) in algebra. 我做不了这道代数题。【联想】中学课程名称：Chinese 语文 / maths 数学 / English 英语 / algebra 代数 / geometry几何 / music 音乐 / Physic

44、al EducationPE 体育 / art 美术 / politics 政治 / history 历史 / geography 地理 / physics 物理 / chemistry 化学 / biology 生物alien5eIlIEn n. C从另一个世界来的生物，外星人：An alien got out of the UFO. 外星人走出了飞碟。aliveE5laIv adj. 1.活着的，在世的：The fish we caught is still alive. 我们捉的鱼还活着。/ Are his grandparents still alive? 他的祖父母还在世吗？2.活跃

45、的，充满活力的：Although he is old, he is very much alive. 他虽然年事已高，但充满活力。【辨析】alive, living 与 live：三者均可表示“活着的”，其区别如下：1.alive 主要用作表语(有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语)，可用于人或动物：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。/ She is the happiest woman alive. 她是世上最幸福的女人。2.living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物：She has no living relatives. 她没有还健在的亲戚。/ The li

46、ving are more important to us than the dead. 对我们来说在世的人比去世的人更重要。3.live 通常只用作定语(前置)，可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人：The cat was playing with a live mouse.那猫在玩一只活老鼠。/ Only a few live trees were left after the big fire. 火灾之后只有几棵树还活着。allC:l pron. 全部，全体：I know that all is well with her. 我知道她一切都好。adj. 所有的，整个的：Our aim is

47、that all children complete secondary education. 我们的目标是让所有孩子完成中级教育。adv. 都，完全：She is all in favor of my suggestion. 她完全赞同我的建议。all over 到处，遍及：She had looked for the cat all over the place but still couldnt find it. 她到处寻找那只猫，可还是没找着。 all kinds of 各种，许多：There are all kinds of fruits in the orchard. 果园里有各种

48、各样的水果。all the time 一直：I kept it all the time to remind me of you. 我一直保存着它，以此唤起我对你的记忆。 all year round 一年到头，终年：All the year round we get new members of staff coming in. 我们一年到头都有新进职员。【用法】1. all 单独用作主语时，其谓语的数要根据其具体含义来确定：All is silent. 万籁俱寂(指现象)。/ All are silent. 人人都沉默不语(指具体的人)。2. 当 all 与 not 连用，通常表示部分否定。如：Not all fruit and vegetables freeze well. 并非所有的水果和蔬菜都适合冷藏。/ Not all women like the wo