垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的热分离工艺研究-金晶.docx
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1、西南大学 硕士学位论文 垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的热分离工艺研究 姓名:金晶 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:环境工程 指导教师:李航 ;王琪 20070501 垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属热分离工艺研究 环境工程专业硕士研究生:金晶 指 导 老 师 : 李 航 教 授 王琪 研 究 员 摘要 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有大量髙浸出浓度的重金属化合物,因此被视为危险 废物。目前国内外对飞灰中重金属的研究主要集中在固化稳定化方面,而对它分 离研究很少。本文在系统的研究了飞灰的基本特性的基础上,探讨了不同试验工 况(温度、时间、样品层厚度、气氛、进气流量)对飞灰中重金属的热分离特性 的影响,为飞灰中重金属的热分离工艺提供
2、了重要的实践和理论依据。 对飞灰的基本特性进行研究,结果表明: ( 1)飞灰的含水率约为 0.125 0.705 %,粒径分布经历了两个升降过程, 50%的飞灰聚集在 38 53叫之间。 CaO、 Si02、 S03、Cl等氧化物质组成,占了所有氧化物总量的 68.49%,此外还含有 Cd、 Pb等重金属兀素 各重金属含量在飞灰中的分布大小规律如下: PbZnCu CrCdNi。( 3)飞灰颗粒的形貌不规则 ,主要有球形体、块状体、棒状聚合体 等,形貌不同而成分各异,从 XRD分析表明,飞灰的结晶物主要以氯盐、 CaS04 等形式存在。 ( 4)飞灰的热稳定性差,加热升温至 140(TC时经历
3、了四个吸热和一 个放热过程,同时出现了四个较明显的失重阶段,这是因为水分蒸发、熔融、 CaSO: 分解等过程引起的。 在不同工况下研究了飞灰的热分离特性,结果显示: ( 1)在温度 1150*C时,重金属 (Pb、 Cd、 Cu、 Zn)均随着温度升高而增大,而在 1050115 iC 时,都突然呈现出一个下降的趋势;随着时间的延长,重金属 Cu、 Zn、 Pb和 Cd 的挥发率均呈逐渐增加的趋势,除 Zn的最高挥发率仅为 60%左右, Cu、 Pb和 Cd都能接近完全挥发; Pb、 Cd的挥发率受气氛的影响不大,而 Cu和 Zn在氮气 下的挥发率要比在空气下的有不同程度增加,增幅在 39%:
4、随着样品层厚度的 增大,重金属 Pb、 Cd、 Cu和 Zn的挥发率大体都呈下降的趋势:各重金属挥发率 受进气流量的影响很小。 ( 2)重金属 Pb、 Ni、 Zn、 Cu、 Cd的浸出浓度随温度的 升高、时间的加长和样品层厚度的减小呈逐渐减小的 趋势,随进气流量和气氛变 化不明显;而 Cr的浸出浓度,在空气气氛下、随着温度的升高、时间的加长和样 品层厚度的减小而逐渐增加,且易超标。 在氧气气氛下,温度 I00(TC、 时间 300min、 样品层厚度 17_、进气流量 600ml/min时, Pb的挥发率高达 99.6%,基本上完全挥发, Cu、 Cd次之,分别为 97.5%、93.8%,各
5、重金属的挥发率大小为: PbCuCdZn;而回收率方面, Cu的回收率为 72.4%,各重金属的回收率大小为 : Cu Pb Cd Zn。 关键词:飞灰 ; 灰渣;重金属:热分离;浸出;粒径 Thermal Separation Technology of Heavy Metals in MSWI Fly Ash Environmental Engineering Candidate: Jin Jing Supervisor: Prof. Li Hang Prof Wang Qi Abstract For the high leachable concentration of heavy me
6、tals, the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash was defined as hazardous waste. Heavy metals in fly ash was studied on solidification/stabiHzation much more than on separation at home and abroad. On the basic of the study on fly ash characteristics, this article had explored how the cond
7、itions (temperature, time, thickness of the sample, flux of the gas, atmosphere) influenced the thermal separation of heavy metals in fly ash. The article gave theoretical reference to the thermal separation of heavy metals in fly ash. The fly ash had such characteristics as follows: (1) The moistur
8、e content of fly ash was 0.1250.705%. There were two rising and falling situation on the distribution of particle size, and the fractions of 3853nra accounted for about 50%. (2) The fly ash is mainly composed of CaO、 Si 2、 SO3、 Cl, accounted for about 68,49%, and also had some heavy metals such as C
9、d? Pb, The heavy metal concentrations in fly ash showed the trends: PbZnCuCrCdNi. (3) The surface appearance of fly ash was various. There were clava, conglobulation, clump and so on. The componente were different with the different surface appearance, and the existent of crystal masses were Chlorin
10、e Salt, CaS 4 and so on. (4) The fly ash has poor heating stability, and it had four endotheimic procedures, one exothennal procedures, and four distinct weight-loss, when the temperature was heating from 100 to 1400C. They were caused by the evaporation of water, the melting reaction, the decomposi
11、tion of CaS 4 and so oa Thermal separation characteristics of fly ash are studied in different condition, the results showed that as follow: (1) the evaporation rate of other heavy metals (Pb、 Cd、 Cu、 Zn) all increased with the rising temperature below 1000C and above 1150, but all decreased rapidly
12、 at 1050 11501. Along with the rise of time, the evaporation rate of heavy metals (Cu, 2n, Pbt Cd) increased, and all almost evaporated totally in top rate except for Zn (only 60%). Pb and Cd were not influenced by the atmosphere while ttie evaporation rate of Cu and Zn in N2 was more than in air,.
13、The evaporation rates of m heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) decreased as the thickness of the sample increased, but not influenced by the flux of the gas. (2) The reduction rate of volume and weight all increased with the rising temperature, the increasing time or the decreasing thickness of the sample
14、, but only little influenced by the atmosphere or the flux of the gas. (3) The regularity of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd) in the leaching concentrations was opposite to the regularity of reduction rate of volume and weight, and the leaching concentrations of Cr was increasing and transnormal ea
15、sily in the air, with the rising time or temperature, or the decreasing thickness of the sample. In the condition (air, 1000*C, 300min, 17mm, 600ml/min), the evaporation rates of Pb, Cu? Cd were 99.6%, 97.5%, 93.8%, respectively, and the rank of the evaporation rates was Pb Cu Cd Zn; In the recovery
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- 垃圾 焚烧 飞灰中 重金属 分离 工艺 研究
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