book-2-unit-4-language-points.ppt

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1、1.decrease 反义词：反义词：_1).vt/ vi降低，（使）减少降低，（使）减少,（使）变小（使）变小 这些措施有助于降低生产成本。这些措施有助于降低生产成本。These measures will help _.过去十年汽车变小了过去十年汽车变小了In the last ten years _ in size. 2). 减少减少;减少的数量减少的数量There has been_.我们的进口减少了我们的进口减少了. increase decrease the cost of production have decreased a decrease in our imports 2.

2、 loss n.损失，遗失，丧失损失，遗失，丧失/损失的人或事物损失的人或事物妻子的死对他是个巨大的打击妻子的死对他是个巨大的打击_Many parents feel _（失落感）（失落感）when their children leave home.He is trying to _. (弥补损失弥补损失)at a loss _They sold the goods at a loss. ( )He was at a loss for a suitable reply. ( )lost adj. _be lost in _The loss of his wife was a great bl

3、ow to him.a sense of loss make up the loss茫然，不知所措茫然，不知所措亏本亏本茫然，不知所措茫然，不知所措遗失的，失去的遗失的，失去的埋头于，专心致治于埋头于，专心致治于3.area n. 地区地区;范围范围;面积面积What is the area of .面积是多少面积是多少? have /cover an area of占地面积为占地面积为1) _(面积是多少面积是多少) of this temple?It _two square kilometers.2)The two parks are different in shape, but are

4、 the same _(在在面积上面积上). has/covers an area ofin areaWhat is the areazone表表“地带地带,地区地区”, 常可与常可与area换用。但换用。但zone更侧重更侧重表示具有某一特征、目的或用途的地区。在表示表示具有某一特征、目的或用途的地区。在表示“（地理名词）寒带、热带（地理名词）寒带、热带”时，常用时，常用zone。如：。如：time zone时区，时区，the torrid zone 热带。热带。4.reserve n. 保护区保护区the nature reservereserve v.保留，储备，预定保留，储备，预定(座

5、位座位,住处住处)reserve sth. for 保留保留以备以备You had better reserve some money for future need.These seats are reserved for special guests.自然保护区自然保护区你最好保留一些钱以备将来需要是使用。你最好保留一些钱以备将来需要是使用。这些座位是留给贵宾的。这些座位是留给贵宾的。 reservation 保留地；预订（保留地；预订（n.） reserved 预订的；说话不多的；矜持的预订的；说话不多的；矜持的 unreserved 未预订的未预订的5. about 3040 rema

6、in in the wild after being left in peace with no hunting.leave “让让/使使处于某种状态处于某种状态”，后可接，后可接_的复合结构的复合结构 1）leave+宾语+名词他惟一的亲人死了，什么也没给他留下。 His only relative died，_.2)leave+宾语+形容词不要把门开着，太冷了。_, for its too cold.宾语宾语+宾补宾补 leaving him nothingDont leave the door open3) leave+宾语宾语+副词副词他总是开着灯就睡着了。他总是开着灯就睡着了。_4)

7、leave+宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词 别让水一直流着。别让水一直流着。 _5)leave+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词 干工作千万不要半途而废。干工作千万不要半途而废。 _6)leave+宾语宾语+不定式不定式 你最好让他自己做决定。你最好让他自己做决定。 _He always slept leaving the light on.Dont leave the water running.Never leave your work half done.You had better leave him to make his own decision.6.peace n. peaceful ad

8、j. 安宁的，和平的安宁的，和平的peace-loving 爱好和平的爱好和平的keep/break the peace 维持治安维持治安/破坏治安破坏治安in peace 和平地，安详地和平地，安详地be at peace/war 处于和平处于和平/战争状态战争状态make peace with 讲和，言归于好讲和，言归于好这两国已和平相处多年了。这两国已和平相处多年了。The two countries have been at peace for many years.I live in an old city where people of different cultures hav

9、e lived together in peace for centuries. 7. endanger vt. _ (be)in danger_ 反义词是：反义词是：_ in danger of _ dangerous adj._（指主语（指主语对别人造成威胁）对别人造成威胁）危害危害; 使使有危险有危险 处于危险之中处于危险之中(be) out of danger处于处于.的危险中的危险中 危害的危害的用用in danger，in danger of , dangerous，endanger填空填空:（1）Youll _ your health if you work so hard.（2

10、）Be careful! The tiger is _.（3）The tiger is now _because it is being killed by people.(4 ) The bridge is_ collapse. endanger dangerous in danger in danger ofReading 8. long v._ 1) long to do sth._ 我渴望再见到她。我渴望再见到她。_ 2) long for sth. _ 他渴望成名。他渴望成名。_ 3) long for sb. to do sth._ 她渴望丈夫早日归来。她渴望丈夫早日归来。 _ 渴

11、望，盼望渴望，盼望 盼望盼望/渴望做某事渴望做某事I long to see her again. 渴望渴望,很想有很想有He longs for fame. 盼望某人做某事盼望某人做某事She longed for her husband to return home. 9. fur n.(某些动物的某些动物的)浓密的软毛；毛；毛皮浓密的软毛；毛；毛皮 毛皮大衣毛皮大衣_ 词语辨析：词语辨析：fur, feather fur 指动物的软毛，指动物的软毛，feather指鸟类的羽毛指鸟类的羽毛 The dog with thick_ is Toms. The bird has beautifu

12、l_. Birds of a _ flock together. 物物以类聚，人以群分。以类聚，人以群分。 lighter than_ 轻于鸿毛轻于鸿毛 fur and feather 兽类与禽类兽类与禽类 a fur coat fur feathers feather a feather 10. stomach (复数复数stomachs) n. 胃；肚胃；肚子子,食欲，胃口，欲望，志趣食欲，胃口，欲望，志趣 他踢比尔的腹部。他踢比尔的腹部。He kicked Bill _. 现在我什么都不想吃。现在我什么都不想吃。_. have a good stomach for 很想吃很想吃, 渴望渴

13、望 have no stomach for sth. to do sth. 不不想想(做某事做某事), 对对(某事某事)无兴趣无兴趣 lie flat on ones stomach 俯卧俯卧 stomachache胃痛胃痛;腹痛腹痛 in the stomach I have no stomach for any food now. 11.in relief 如释重负如释重负 relief n 1）(痛苦痛苦,负担等的负担等的)缓和缓和,减轻减轻;解除解除 药片减轻她一些痛苦。药片减轻她一些痛苦。_ 2）轻松）轻松,宽心宽心,慰藉慰藉 一听到消息一听到消息,他如释重负地松了口气。他如释重负地

14、松了口气。 Hearing the news, he breathed _. 3) 救济物品救济物品,救济金救济金 U 救济物品被空运到洪水泛滥区。救济物品被空运到洪水泛滥区。_ the flood-hit areas.The pills gave her some relief.a sigh of relief Relief was flown to 12. mercy n. 仁慈；慈悲仁慈；慈悲 show mercy to sb. 对某人起了怜悯之心对某人起了怜悯之心at the mercy of 任任处置；无能为力处置；无能为力 仁慈的仁慈的 merciful 残酷的，无情的：残酷的，无

15、情的：merciless They showed mercy to their enemies.他们对敌人很仁慈。他们对敌人很仁慈。The ship was at the mercy of the storm. 那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。 13. suggest vt. 1) suggest 作作“间接表明；建议；使想起间接表明；建议；使想起”解时，解时，后面可以跟后面可以跟名词、代词或动名词名词、代词或动名词作宾语。作宾语。That girls sun-tanned face _.(表明她身体非常健康表明她身体非常健康)她建议早一点出发。她建议早一点出发。_我建议将

16、运动会延期。我建议将运动会延期。_ suggests excellent health She suggested an early start. I suggested putting off the sports meet 2) suggest 作作“建议建议”解，而且后面跟解，而且后面跟 that 从从句作宾语时，宾语从句中的谓语动词用句作宾语时，宾语从句中的谓语动词用_，即谓语动词用，即谓语动词用“（ should ）动）动词原形词原形”。 3) suggest 作作“表明、说明、暗示、指出表明、说明、暗示、指出”解，解，而且后面跟而且后面跟 that 从句作宾语时，宾语从句中的从句作

17、宾语时，宾语从句中的谓语动词用谓语动词用_。 虚拟语气虚拟语气陈述语气陈述语气 1. Janes pale face suggested that _(她生病了她生病了)， and her parents suggested that_（她做一次检（她做一次检查）查）. 2. All I suggest is that we _ electric wires out of the reach of children. A. keep B. shall keep C. kept D. be kept she was ill she have a medical examination A14.I

18、 am protecting myself from mosquitoes.protect from protect against defendfrom/againstkeep sb. from doingstop sb. (from) doingprevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做阻止某人做在被动形式在被动形式 be kept/stopped/prevented 后的后的 from 不能省，不能省，但在主动语态中但在主动语态中stop和和prevent可以省略可以省略 from 。保护使不受保护使不受伤害伤害他带着太阳镜以遮强烈太阳光照射他的眼睛。他带着太阳镜以遮强烈

19、太阳光照射他的眼睛。He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.没人能阻止他们结婚。没人能阻止他们结婚。Nobody can prevent them (from) getting married.Nobody can stop them (from) getting married.Nobody can keep them from getting married.15. It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 1) contai

20、n v.These valleys contain gold mines. This book contains all the information you need. The hall can contain 500 people. She couldnt contain herself for the joy.包含；包含； 装有装有包含；装有包含；装有容纳容纳抑制抑制contain 和和 includeThe bag _ a lot of books _ some English books and history books. containsincluding2）affect vt

21、. （1） 影响影响 （2）疾病的侵袭或感染）疾病的侵袭或感染 （3） 感动，使某人有悲伤或同情的感觉感动，使某人有悲伤或同情的感觉Their opinion will not affect my decision.Cancer had affected his lungs. We were deeply affected by the news of his death. The speech deeply affected the audience.影响影响疾病的侵袭或感染疾病的侵袭或感染使某人有悲伤或同情的感觉使某人有悲伤或同情的感觉感动感动 have an effect on come

22、 into effect in effect take effect对对有影响有影响生效；开始实施生效；开始实施实际上；事实上实际上；事实上开始起作用；见效开始起作用；见效The old mans words _ me ,and I always remember what he said.Lucy said that she left her homework at home,_ she didnt finish it. The medicine_ in one hour after you take it. This new teaching system of our school _

23、next month. had an effect onhad an effect onin effectin effecttakes effecttakes effectcome into effectcome into effect 16. succeed v. 反义词反义词_ 1) 成功；达到目的成功；达到目的 我们的计划成功了。我们的计划成功了。_ 他谋得了那份工作。他谋得了那份工作。_ 2) 接替；继任接替；继任 冬去春来。冬去春来。_ success_ 反义词反义词_ successful_反义词反义词_ 谚语：失败乃成功之母。谚语：失败乃成功之母。_ Our plan has s

24、ucceeded. fail He succeeded in getting the job.Spring succeeds winter. n.成功成功 failure adj.成功的成功的 unsuccessfulFailure is the mother of success. 17harm （1）harm vt. 损害损害, 对对有害有害 我从来都没有伤害过任何人。我从来都没有伤害过任何人。 _ （2）harm n. do harm to sb. do sb. harm对对造成危害造成危害 干旱对农作物造成了巨大的危害。干旱对农作物造成了巨大的危害。 _ harmful adj. 有害

25、的有害的 harmless adj. 无害的无害的 I have never harmed anybody. The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.用用harm的适当形式填空的适当形式填空（1）Follow the directions carefully，or this medicine may be_.（2）The dog seems fierce，but Its_.（3）I didnt want to do her any_; it could help it.（4）Doctors say smoking _our health. harm

26、ful harmless harm harmsUsing language 18. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being.2)come into being的意思是的意思是“开始存在；发生开始存在；发生”。我们不知道这世界是什么时候存在的我们不知道这世界是什么时候存在的We dont know when the world came into being.1)on the earth 在在earth, sun, moon等表达世界上等表达世界上独一无二的

27、名词前，独一无二的名词前， 要加要加the 千百万年前千百万年前,早在人类产生之前早在人类产生之前,它们就生活在地球上它们就生活在地球上.come into being/ existence发生；产生；出现发生；产生；出现come into effect/ force开始生效；开始实施开始生效；开始实施come into power上台；掌握政权上台；掌握政权 come into office 就职就职Ex. It _ long before we_ the result of the experiment.A. will not be; will know B. is; will knowC

28、. will not be; know D. is; knowcome into use 开始使用开始使用come into fashion 开始流行开始流行3) long before “早在早在之前很久之前很久”. It will (not) be long before +从句从句(不久后将会不久后将会.) 从句用一般现在时或一般过去时，从句用一般现在时或一般过去时， 主句用一般将主句用一般将来时或一般过去将来时。来时或一般过去将来时。 19.词语辨析词语辨析incident accident event accident多指造成损失的意外事故，如车祸等。多指造成损失的意外事故，如车祸等

29、。 incident“事件事件”，一般指比较次要的事件，但也可指，一般指比较次要的事件，但也可指在政治上会引起国际争端或战争的事件、事变在政治上会引起国际争端或战争的事件、事变 event指较重大的事件或历史事件，复数形式表指较重大的事件或历史事件，复数形式表“时局时局”、“时事时事”。 1937年七七事变年七七事变 He met with an accident during this journey 大事大事 He was killed in a traffic in 1999 Aincident Bevent Cincidence Daccident the July 7th Incid

30、ent of 1937 an important event 20. fierce adj. 凶猛的凶猛的, 好斗的好斗的The house is guarded by a fierce dog. 激烈的激烈的,猛烈的猛烈的The competition for jobs is fierce.21.Daisy hurried to get dressed and put on her jeans and sweater.戴西急忙穿上衣服，穿上牛仔裤和毛衣。戴西急忙穿上衣服，穿上牛仔裤和毛衣。get+过去分词相当于过去分词相当于be+过去分词，表达被动的含义，但是，过去分词，表达被动的含义，但是

31、，get+过去分词更着重动作，动作不能延续，因此不能和表示过去分词更着重动作，动作不能延续，因此不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而一段时间的状语连用，而be+过去分词着重强调状态，动作可过去分词着重强调状态，动作可以延续，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。以延续，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。get married,get burnt,get changed ,get paid,get separated frombe married,be burnt,be changed,be paid,be separated from强调动作强调动作强调状态强调状态分析分析:They got marr

32、ed ten years ago.They have been married for ten years.课标理念课标理念 名题赏析名题赏析Sarah ,hurry up .I am afraid you wont have time to _before the party. (NMET2004)A:get changed B:get change C:get to change D:get changing赏析赏析:注意此处before the party所提供的语言环境使得change的意思是“更衣”.get changed意思是“更换衣服”.A他们十年前结的婚他们十年前结的婚.他们结

33、婚十年了他们结婚十年了.22.As a result ,farmers like us and no longer hunt us.因此因此,农民喜欢我们就不再猎杀我们了农民喜欢我们就不再猎杀我们了As a result结果是,作为结果.As a result of由于什么原因It rained hard ,as a result,he didnt come.He didnt come as a result of the heavy rain.因为大雨，他没来。因为大雨，他没来。Translation ：1A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it

34、 next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built高考链接解析：解析：由由they hope to finish it next month，可以知道可以知道“建造建造”工作正在进行，而且主语工作正在进行，而且主语cinema与动词与动词build之间是被动关系，因此使之间是被动关系，因此使用现在进行时的被动语态。用现在进行时的被动语态。2Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the ea

35、rth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut高考链接解析：解析：从句子的语境从句子的语境they will disappear from the earth in the near future 可以知道，可以知道，“热热带雨林被砍伐带雨林被砍伐”正在进行，因此使用现在进正在进行，因此使用现在进行时的被动语态。行时的被动语态。 3. At work ,I became mad when my fellow workers tried to _me from using the phone.(2003上海上海)A: save B:reduce C:protect D:stop赏析赏析:stop sb from doing 阻止某人做阻止某人做.句意句意:上班时上班时,同事阻止我使用电话同事阻止我使用电话,这让我发疯这让我发疯.DThank you very much!Thank you very much!