TOEIC备考109句型精简版(托业考试语法不可多得的学习资料).doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-dateTOEIC备考109句型精简版(托业考试语法不可多得的学习资料)1 TOEIC 备考109句型精简版 1.直接问句： 疑问词 + 助V + S .？ 问句动词要移到主词前间接问句：S + V + 疑问词 + S + (助V) + V. 间接问句不是问句* 他什么时候要走？ 我不知道他什么时候要走。 When will he go? I dont know when h

2、e will go.2.直接问句： 助V + S + .？ 也就是要用Yes或No回答的问句间接问句：S + V +whether + S + (助V) + V.if*你能不能来呢？ 你能不能来没关系。 Can you come (or not)? It makes no difference whether you can come (or not).3. Do + S + V + 疑问字 + S + V ? 询问重点为”Do + S + V” 疑问字+ do + S + V + 疑问字 + S + V ? 询问重点为” 疑问字”* A: Did you tell me who she wa

3、s? B: Yes, I did. A: 你有没有告诉过我她是谁？ B: 有啊，我告诉过你了。 * A: Who did you tell me she was? B: She is my sister.A: 你告诉过我她是谁来着？ B:她是我妹妹。4. 你认为.如何？ .如何？ .好不好？ (建议去做某事) How about + O ? What about + O ? What do you say to + O ? O 要用名词或Ving. What do you think of + O ? Lets + V , shall we? * 去散散步好不好？ How about (tak

4、ing) a walk? = What about (taking) a walk? = What do you say to (taking) a walk? = What do you think of (taking) a walk? = Lets take a walk , shall we?5. 一.就.；如果.就. 命令句 and S + V. = If S + V , S + V. * 一动你就没命。 Stir and you will be a dead man. = If you stir , you will be a dead man.6. .否则.；如果不.就. 命令句

5、 or S + V. = If S . not + V , S + V. = Unless S + V , S + V. * 穿上外衣，否则你会着凉的。 Put on a coat, or youll take cold. = If you dont put on a coat, youll catch cold. = Unless you put on a coat, youll get a cold.7. 多么.啊！(感叹句) How + 形 + ( a + n.) 副 ( S + V ). 感叹句不是问句 What + (a) + (形) + n. * 多么美的夜色啊！ * 这些男孩好丑

6、啊！How beautiful a night (it is)! How ugly the boys are!= What a beautiful night (this is)! = What ugly boys (they are)! 8. 与现在事实相反的假设 If S + were . , S + would, could + V 过去式V might, should * 要是我现在有翅膀，我要飞到美国。 If I had wings, I would fly to you.9. 与过去事实相反的假设 If S + had + pp . , S + would, could + hav

7、e + pp. might, should * 要是那时这鞋子我合穿的话，我就买了。If these shoes had fitted me, I would have bought them.10. 与未来事实相反的假设 If S + were to + V . , S + would, could + V. might, should * 即使明天太阳从西边升上来，我也不会做这样的事。Even if the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow, I would not do such a thing.11. 未来表万一 If S + should +

8、 V . , S + would, should . + V. will, shall . *万一这次失败了，我会再试一次。 If I should fail this time, I will(would) try again.12. 不确定的未来 If S + V现在式 . , S + shall, will + V can , may *如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.13. 不能实现的愿望 + S + 过去式V 现在不可能的希望 I wish + S + had + pp 过去已不可能的希望

9、Would that should If only + S + would + V 未来不可能的希望 could* 我要是一只鸟该多好。 I wish I were a bird. 我真希望你那时告诉我真相就好了。 If only you had told me the truth. 但愿明天我能跟你一起去就好了。 Would that I could go with you tomorrow.* I hope you can help me. 我希望你能帮我。 可能实现 I wish you could help me. 要是你能帮我就好了。 不可能实现14. 祝福.的用法 I wish +

10、 S + may + V May + S + V I wish + 人 + 事物 (I wish) + 事物 + to + 人 * 祝你成功。I wish you may succeed. = May you succeed. = I wish you success. = (I wish) success to you. 15. 假设法if的省略 were Were If S + had + . Had + S + . should Should * 我们不会失败的，要是失败，后果将如何呢？Were we to fail, what would happen? (= If we were t

11、o fail, .) 要不是我早知道她的名字，当时我就糗了。 Had I not known her name, I would have been embarrassed. (If I had not known .) 万一下雨，我们就不去了。 Should it rain, we would not go. (If it should rain, .)16. 要不是.，. But for + O Without + O , S + V假设法. If S + not + V假设法 * 要不是有太阳，我们根本就无法生存。 But for the sun, we couldnt live at

12、all. = Without the sun, we couldnt live at all. = If it were not for the sun, we couldnt live at all. = Were it not for the sun, we couldnt live at all.17. 该是.的时候了。 It is(high) time + S +过去式V wasshould + V * 该是我们上床睡觉的时候了。 事实上还没睡 It is (high) time we went to bed. = It is time we should go to bed. = I

13、t is time for us to go to bed.18. .好像是.(其实不是) S + Vas ifS + V假设法as though * 你看起来好像死了。 You look as if you were dead.19. n.命令、建议、要求、坚持 的 adj. + that S + (should) + 原形V v. * 她父亲坚持她要跟那人结婚。 Her father insisted that she (should) marry that man. *此类V.如：suggest, order, demand, command, insist, propose, . *其

14、实只要有命令、建议、要求、坚持意味的字，不论是名词、动词、形容词，其所接子句中的动词都该用原形、或 ”should + 原形V”。 It is necessary that he take the exam. 他必须参加考试不可。20. cannot . too 越越好；再也不为过 * 交友要越小心越好。 We cannot be too careful in choosing friends. = You can never be over careful in choosing friends. = One can hardly be careful enough in choosing

15、friends.21. all all both not = not both 不都(部分否定) every every * 人不都诚实。 比较：* 人都不诚实。 All men are not honest. No man is honest.= Not all men are honest. = All men are dishonest.22. that .not + V 否定字 + but .+ V 没有不 without + O. * 没有人不爱自己的孩子。There is no one but loves his own child.= There is no one that d

16、oes not love his own child.= There is no one without loving his own child. = Everyone loves his own child.23. to + V not + Ving 不 (不定词、分词、动名词的否定都是在前面加not) pp. * 他试着不再想她。 * 没办法帮他忙，我就离开了。 He tried not to think of her. Not being able to help him, I just left. 24. No + n. 禁止；反对；不准Ving* 非公莫入。 *禁止停车。No ad

17、mittance except on business.No parking.25. There is no + Ving 不可能；没有人能 = It is impossible to + V* 简直不知道会发生什么事。 There is no telling what may happen.= There is no way of telling what may happen.= It is impossible to tell what may happen. = No one can tell what may happen.26. not only A but (also) B 不但

18、A而且B B才是重点，所以动词与B一致= B as well as A * 不但怪你，也怪你的朋友。 Not only you but also your friend is to blame.= Your friend as well as you is to blame. 27. not A but B 不是A而是B= B not A * 我感兴趣的不是化学，而是物理。 What I am interested in is not chemistry, but physics.= What I am interested in is physics, not chemistry.28. 人

19、 + be above +Ving耻于；不屑n. * 她不屑发问。 She is above asking questions.29. the last + n. 最不可能的；再怎么说也不会的 *他是最不可能出卖你的人。(他再怎么说也不会出卖你) He will be the last person to betray you.30. fail to + V 未能 never fail to + V 一定；务必= be unable to + V = V + without fail * 他未能实时到达。 *我一定会守信。 He failed to arrive in time. I neve

20、r fail to keep my word. = He was unable to arrive in time. = I keep my word without fail.31. 一点也不；绝不 not at all = in no way = by no means = not in the least = far from = anything but * 那男孩一点也不用功。 The boy is not diligent at all. = The boy is far from diligent. 32.很多. Much + 不可数名词 many + 可数名词 not a li

21、ttle Not a few no little no few quite a little quite a few a great deal of a great number of * 他有很多钱，但我有很多书。 He has much money, but I have many books. = He has not a little money, but I have not a few books. = He has no little money, but I have no few books. = He has quite a little money, but I have

22、 quite a few books.= He has a great deal of money, but I have a great number of books. 33. It goes without saying that .不用说都知道. Needless to say, * 不用说都知道诚实是最上策。 It goes without saying that honesty is the best policy. = Needless to say, honesty is the best policy.34. 否定字词放句首的倒装句。应按问句形式，倒装助动词。 Never,

23、No, Seldom, Little, Not, Nothing+助V + S + V .be + S . Hardly, Rarely, Scarcely, By no means, Under no circumstances, * 我将永远忘不了那一段美好的求学时代。 I shall never forget the beautiful school days.= Never shall I forget the beautiful school days. 他很少迟到。 我绝不会原谅他。 He is hardly late. I will forgive him by no means

24、. = Hardly is he late. = By no means will I forgive him.35.Only词组放句首的倒装句 Only . +助V + S + V .be + S . * 我们只有靠着努力工作才能成功。We can succeed only by working hard. = Only by working hard can we succeed.36.地方副词放句首的倒装句地方副词 + V + S(名词) V需为不及物动词 S(代名词) + V * 乞丐在大门口等。 * 她坐在柜台后面。The beggar waited at the gate. She

25、 sat behind the counter. = At the gate waited the beggar. = Behind the counter she sat.36.主词补词放句首的倒装句 主词补词 + V + S V需为不及物动词(所以后面才有主词补语) * 我的生活很空虚。 My life is empty.= Empty is my life.37. So(也) 的倒装句 So + 助V+ S 也是。 So + S +助V 的确。 Be Be= S +助V, too = Yes, S +助V Be Be * 你年轻，我也是。 *A：听说你做得很好。 B：的确是。You ar

26、e young, and so am I. A: I hear you did a good job. B: So we did. = You are young, and I am, too. = A: I hear you did a good job. B: Yes, we did. * 否定也不倒装要用neither。如：You are not young, and I am not, either = You are not young, and neither am I. 用neither后面不要再有not38. as(像), than(比) 的倒装句 as 助V + S than

27、 助V + S bebe= as + S助V = than + S 助V Be be * 他买的衣服和他太太的一样多。He has bought as many clothes as has his wife. = He has bought as many clothes as his wife (has). 我们的教务主任比校长能干。Our director of studies is more capable than is our principal. = Our director of studies is more capable than our principal is. =

28、Our director of studies is more capable than our principal.39. such(如此的), so(如此地) 的倒装句 如此以致于 S is such +that子句 S is so adj. +that子句as to Vas to V= Such is S +that子句= So adj. is S +that子句as to Vas to V * 我的英文进步很大所以父母很高兴。My progress in English was such that it pleased my parents. = My progress in Engl

29、ish was such as to please my parents. = Such was my progress in English that it pleased my parents. = Such was my progress in English as to please my parents. = My progress in English was so great that it pleased my parents. = My progress in English was so great as to it please my parents. = So grea

30、t was my progress in English that it pleased my parents. = So great was my progress in English as to please my parents.40. “It”做虚主词 (for 人) to V It + V .+ that子句 wh子句 * 整天待在家对健康不好。It is bad for health to keep indoors all day. = It is bad for health that one keeps indoors all day. 41. “It”做虚受词 (for 人

31、) to V S + Vt + it + 受词补语 + V .+ that子句 wh子句 * 我认为整天待在家对健康不好。I think it bad for health to keep indoors all day.= I think it bad for health that one keeps indoors all day. = I think (that) it is bad for health to keep indoors all day. = I think (that) it is bad for health that one keeps indoors all d

32、ay.42. 据说；听说 People(They) say that S +V= I(We) hear = Im(Were) told = It is said = S + is said + to V * 据说他从前很有钱。People say that she was rich. = It is said that she was rich. = She is said to have been rich.43. S1 + V 连接词 S1+ V = .先行词 + (关系代名词) . 用关代连接两句有一相同名词的句子 * 我有一个做老师的叔叔。 * 我有一个我从未见过的叔叔。I have

33、an uncle, and he is a teacher. I have an uncle, and I have never seen him. = I have an uncle who is a teacher. = I have an uncle (whom) I have never seen. * 我有一个全家都在美国的叔叔。I have an uncle, and his family are all in America = I have an uncle whose family are all in America.44. 凡是的人(们).。 Those (people)

34、 who子句 + 复数V He who子句 + 单数V They who子句 One who子句 People who子句 Anyone who子句 Such (people) as子句 Whoever子句 * 凡是有钱的人都不会缺乏朋友。 Those who have money do not want for friends. =Such as have money do not want for friends. =He who has money does not want for friends. =Whoever has money does not want for friend

35、s.45. as 或 which当关代，代替前面的词组或整个句子。 词组, aswhich 子句 As ., . as子句还可移到句首，which子句不行 * 他是外国人，这是我从他的口音知道的。He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. = He was a foreigner, which I knew from his accent. = As I knew from his accent, he was a foreigner, (= He was a foreigner, and I knew it from his accent.)

36、46.准关系代名词but, as, than1. 否定字 + but 不完整子句 没有不 but有否定的意思2. such the same + as 不完整子句 像. as3. 比较级+ than 不完整子句 比 * 我们班没有人不希望进大学。 In our class there is no one that does not hope to go to college. = In our class there is no one but hopes to go to college. 让孩子们读点使他们更好、更聪明的书。 Let children read those books wh

37、ich will make them better and wise. = Let children read such books as will make them better and wise. 结果产品供过于求。As a result, there are more products than are required.47. 像一样不像一样 asadj.as S + V not assoadj.as S + V adv.adv. * 今天不像昨天一样热。It is not as hot today as it was yesterday. 否定句中，第一个as可用so代= It i

38、s not so hot today as it was yesterday. (=It is not soas hot today as yesterday.)48. 是最. S + 比较级+ than any other . Noso as比较级than = never + + S cant * 生命是一切东西中最宝贵的 Life is more precious than any other thing.(= Life is the most precious of all.) = Nothing is so precious as life. = No other thing is m

39、ore precious than life.49. The 比较级 , the 比较级. 越就越 * 他等得越久就越生气。 The longer he waited, the angrier he became.我们遭遇的挫折越多，我们的国家就越强大。 The more frustrations we encounter, the stronger our country becomes. 50. As , so . 正如，也一样。 *怎样播种，就会怎样收成。(正如你播种，你也一样地收成) As you sow, so you shall reap. = As you sow, so shall you reap. (= You must reap what you have sown.)51. A之于B犹如C之于D。 A is to B as C is to Dwhat * 阅读之于心灵，犹如食物之于身体。Reading is to the mind as food is to the body. = Reading is to the mind what food is to the body. (= As f