南海滨珊瑚微量元素温度计及其重金属含量的年际变化-程继满.docx
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1、中国科学技术大学 硕士学位论文 南海滨珊瑚微量元素温度计及其重金属含量的 姓名:程继满 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:环境科学 指导教师:彭子成 20050501 摘 全球环境变化已经日益引起全世界的关注,尤其以全球变暖 、 ENSO (厄尔尼诺一南方涛 动,EL Nino-South Oscillation)现象发生频率的增加为焦点。另外,随着国民经济的发 展,环境污染问题也受到了高度的重视,可持续发展也被列入当今的热点话题。我国很多地 区的环境气候变化一方面受到全球变化总格局的影响,另一方面又因所处的地理位置而显示 区域气候的特征。 要预知未来的环境变化,必须了解过去环境的演变历史。南海是中国
2、的热带海洋,也是 西太平暖池的重要延伸近年的大量研究表明,热带海洋,特别是 西 太平洋暖池 对全球 环境变化,尤其是全球灾害气候的形成,有着极其重要的影响。南海作力半封闭型的边缘海, 又是热带海具备古海洋学研究得天独厚的条件。其中星罗棋布的造礁珊瑚具有:时间跨 度大,记录连续完整,体系封闭性好,蕴含信息丰富,可选择的代用指标多,易于测定年龄 的特点,是理想研究环境变化的载体。 造礁珊瑚骨骼的微量元素、同位素比值等代用指标,蕴藏着大量的环境信息;另外骨骼 中的重金属含量则可以反映当地海域重金属的污染状况。定量研究上述环境代用指标的变化 规律,重建南海气候的变化格局,了解海域的污染状况,及 其与全
3、球变化的关联,并预测未 来环境演变的趋势,提出合理的持续发展的对策,是我们开展研究工作的目的。 本论文重点探讨建立珊瑚骨骼微量元素比值温度计的原理和方法,重建过去 50余年来 南海北缘海表温度的变化序列,及近 20余年珊瑚中重金属含量的年际变率,掲示大气 -海洋 环境的变化特征、与全球变化的联系,以及未来变化的趋向。 本论文的工作结果: 1. 掌握了利用多道 ICP-AES技术,获得了珊瑚骨骼微量元素比值和重金属含量的的髙 精度实验数据,为气候 -环境变化的分析打下基础 ; 2. 根据相关水文台站的海温资料 ( 1997 1960),与 1997-1960年以来的 Sr/Ca比值进 行相关分析
4、,建立了海南岛东部龙湾港海区滨珊瑚的 Sr/Ca比值温度计: Sr/CaX103= 10. 157 (0.028)-0.033 (0,001)SST, r=0.90, n二 456, p=0.001 据此,对比分析了边缘海与开放大洋的 Sr/Ca比值温度计,发现了边缘海 Sr/Ca比 值温度计方程的斜率小于开放大洋 Sr/Ca比值温度计;边缘海 Sr/Ca比值温度计方 程的截距低于开放大洋 Sr/Ca比值温度计; 3. 据此温度计方程,重建了 1997-1943年的海表温度 ( SST)序列,讨论了 19S7-W43 年间海表温度的年际、年代际、距平值的变化。用傅立叶转换分析了后报海表温度 变
5、化的周期,发现其有类似于 QB0 (准 2年)变化的 2-2. 4年的季风周期和有类似 于 ENS0 (厄而尼诺 -南方涛动)变化的 3-8年周期。这表明南海边缘 SST序列的变 化,受到了东亚季风和全球变化的制约; 4. 根据龙湾港海区滨珊瑚骨骼中金属元素 ( Fe、 Cu、 Al、 Ba、 Zru Mn、 Cd、 Ni、 Cr) 含量的年际变化,分析表明龙湾港珊瑚在 1993年受到了 Fe的明显污染, Cu在 1986 年, Mn在 1993年, Zn在 1995年受到轻微的污染。 5. 利用 SPSS软件进行了多元相关分析,揭示了重金属元素之间,以及其与一些环境 指标间的相关性,提出了对
6、污染元素的源区和分类治理的看法。 关键词:珊瑚,海表温度,重金属污染 Abstract The global change, such as global warming and ENSO events, etc., has been paid attention by the world scientists. Recently, the natural calamity has strongly influenced the continued development of the economic, ecological balance and human health. A gener
7、al knowledge of past environmental changing is prerequisite in order to predict future environmental changing. South China Sea is a part of tropical sea and an important extension of Kthe western equatorial Pacific warm pool (WEPWP) “ Currently, a lot of researches express that tropical sea, especia
8、lly for WEPWP, is an importment of the thermal source, which effects on the global change, including ENSO and Asia Monsoon. South China Sea, as a semi-closed ocean and the only tropical ocean region in China, is provided with Palaeoceanograph research arena. As compared with other environmental carr
9、iers, the widely distributed coral in South China Sea has many advantages including in closed, continuous, complete and long time records. Some kind of the environmental proxies, such as isotopes, microelement ratios, etc., all can trace climate changes of Tropical Ocean. The contents of heavy metal
10、s in coral skeleton can provide information of local metal pollution. If understand these codes in coral skeleton, we can reconstruct the past environment, estimate present human living environment and forecast developmental trend of future environment. The key of this thesis is to search high preci
11、sion of microelement ratios in coral skeleton and to establish the thermometer using these ratios. In addition, the annual variability of the metal contents is used to investigate the local pollution. The major results are summarized as follows: (1) The high precision of the microelement ratios and
12、the heavy metal contents in the coral skeleton have been investigated using ICP-AES techniques; (2) On the basis of the correlation between the strontium to calcium ratios and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the longwan waters, the Sr/Ca thermometer has been established as follows: Sr/CaX103= 1
13、0.157 (0.028)-0.033(土 0.001)SST, r=0.90, n=456, p=0.001. It can be found that the slope of thermometer in the margin ocean is smaller than that in the open ocean, while the intercept of thermometer in the margin ocean is lower than that of the open ocean on the basis of the parallel analysis among s
14、everal thermometers from the margin ocean and the open ocean. (3) The reconstruction of the SST sequence from 1943 to 1997 using the thermometer formula shows that the SST variability appears in 2-2. 4 years periods (QBO bands) and 38 years, periods (ENSO bands), which mean that the SST change in So
15、uth China sea is mainly controlled by theEast-Asian monsoon and global change. (4) The annual variability of the mental (Fe、 Cu、 Al、 Bad、 Zn、 Han、 Cod、Ni、 Cr) contents in the coral skeleton indicates that the east waters of Hanna Island was obviously contaminated in 1993 years by Fe, while that was
16、slightly contaminated in 1994 and 1995 years by Fe, in 1986 years by Cu, in 1993 years by Mn and in 1995 year by Zn. (5) The multianalysis between the metal contents and environmental proxies using SPSS software shows that the relationship among heavy metal contents and these proxies can help us to
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- 南海 珊瑚 微量元素 温度计 及其 重金属 含量 变化 程继满
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