专八人文知识之英国概况.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date专八人文知识之英国概况英语专八人文知识汇总英语专八人文知识汇总 英国概况练习题：1.Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _.英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖

2、民地产生浓厚兴趣的。A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies a

3、fter the 17th century.2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The monarch has very little power. 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。3.the Conservative Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司

4、财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。4.On accepting Bill of Rights, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began. 权利法案的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。5.Females were allowed to vote in national elections until 1918.直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。6.T

5、he British North America Act of 1867 established Canada as a domain. 1867年英国北美法案将加拿大纳为它的自治领。7.During World War II, as a war leader,Winston Churchill received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945. 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。8.The Falkland

6、Islands war was between Britain and Argentina.福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。9.In Britain, a by-election is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns. 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。10.In the United Kingdom, ministers

7、 are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。11.How many members are there in the House of Commons? 下议院共有651名议员。12.Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister? 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后

8、任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。 A.Margaret Thatcher B.Winston Churchill C.Horatio Nelson D.John Major13.By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。14.The To

9、ries were the forerunners of the Conservative Party, which still bears this nickname today. 托利党是英国保守党的前身。15.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition. 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。16

10、.The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains economic decline. 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。17.The 1980s was remembered as the decade of privatization.正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。18.Today, in Britain，coal mining is called a “sic

11、k” industry. 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。19.The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design in 1765. 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行

12、了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。20.The Industrial Revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。21.Cotton Textile is the key to Industrial Revolution. 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。22.Romanticism became a literary current du

13、ring the period of the successful Industrial Revolution. 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。23.Modern football game began in England.现代的足球运动起源于英国。 其正宗的老家在英格兰，19世纪兴起。24.Prime Minister is the leader of the British government. 英国的政体是君主立宪制。 国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。25.The second largest city in England,Birmingham, is a me

14、tropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city. 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业和制造业中心。26.The Romans introduced Christianity into Britain. 公元43年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了400多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马人传入英国的。27.The real power of the British government lies in the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.君主立宪制

15、下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相率领。28.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16.英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是5-16岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低年限。29.The longest river in Britain is the Severn River, and the largest river in the USA is the Mississippi.英国最长的河是塞文河，全长355公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河， 长4000公里左

16、右。30.The general election in Britain is held every five years. 英国大选每5年举行一次。31.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain? 凯尔特在公元前700年到英国，罗马人在公元1到5世纪统治英国，5世纪中期盎格鲁撒克逊人侵占英国，因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes D Celts32.The Hundred Years War between Britain and France was fought from

17、1337 to 1453.英法百年战争爆发于1337年到1453年间，中间还发生了黑死病。33.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year 1949.爱尔兰共和国在1949年独立。34.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.英国内战于1642年到1646年间发生，国王查尔斯与议会发生争执，实际上是国王与清教徒之间的矛盾引起的，结果议会胜利。35.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the

18、English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east, 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。36.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh.英国最大的湖是内伊湖，最长的河流是塞文河。37.The majority of people in Scotland live in the central Lowlands? 苏格兰中低部适合人类生存，是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。38.In Britain only about 2% of the population are farmers

19、 but they manage 70% of the land area. 由于英国农作业时的高度机械化，只需利用全国2%的人口来耕作大面积农地。39.The two important crops in Britain are wheat and barley.小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄稼。40.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.英国的义务教育是从5岁到16岁，所以期间的教育全部免费。41.Which of the following is t

20、he British oldest daily newspaper? 英国历史上最悠久的日报是泰晤士报。A The Telegraph B The Guardian C The News of the World D The Times42.The river Thames is in England.泰晤士河位于英格兰。43.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain. 工业革命最早从英国开始。44.Which of the following is true under Thatchers administration? 1

21、979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B Public housing became more important.C Many public houses were sold to people.D The UK became more European-l

22、ike in its housing arrangement.45.Britain has its nuclear naval force since its a traditional sea power.英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。46.Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain? 观察家报创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。A The Times B The Guardian C The Observer D The Financial Times47

23、.Big Ben was named after Benjamin Hall. 据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。48.The Capital of Wales is Cardiff. 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。49. Portsmouth is Englands biggest naval base. 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。50.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour Party.英国奉

24、行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。英国概况练习题：1. Which name is NOT related to Britain? 多伦多属于加拿大,与英国无关。A Northern Ireland B Scotland C Wales D Toronto2. The news agency Reuters was founded in London.路透社创建于伦敦。3. The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conquer

25、or. 伦敦塔是1078年为防止罗马入侵由威廉大帝修建的。4. The Anglo-Saxon were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? 英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。5. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland? 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。6. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education. 英国小孩 516岁的教育是免费

26、的。7. The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain. 工业革命起源于英国。8. Ben Nevis is the name of Britains highest mountain? 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰。A Anne Boleyn B C Snowdonia D Scafell9. The United Kingdom is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way? 提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“Br

27、itish”，但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland （ Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。10 Britain has, for centuries ,

28、been slowly tilting with the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking.英国几个世纪以来地势一直在缓慢地倾斜，表现为西北部在慢慢上升，而东南部在慢慢下沉，所以英国的西北部为高地。11. The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are London and heart of England. 现在，英国移民主要集中在伦敦及英格兰心脏地带的一些城市和城镇，诸如 Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton

29、, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和Reading等等。12. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三个十字组成。13. Which flower is symbol of England? A，蓟是苏格兰的象征，用作苏格兰的国徽；B，三叶苜蓿花为爱尔兰的国花；C，黄水仙花是威尔士的国花；D，玫瑰则是英格兰的国花。 A Thistl

30、e B Shamrock C Daffodil D Rose14. Lake District was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. 位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一，也是英国十九世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方。15. The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. 最早来英国定居的是伊比利亚人。大约在公元前3000年

31、左右，也就是新石器时代，他们从伊比利亚半岛（即今天的西班牙）来到英国。16. Julius Caesar invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? 英国的历史是从罗马人的入侵开始的。恺撒，这位伟大的罗马将军，在公元前55年第一次带兵入侵并征服了英国。17. Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain? 尽管罗马人征服了英国，但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因为：罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当

32、于奴隶的被降伏的民族；在长达四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚；罗马人对英国平民阶层的语言和文化没有任何影响。A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuriesC The Romans didnt like the Britons.D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary

33、Britons.18. The Hundred Years war with France ended by the English being driven out of France. By 1453 Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English. 英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到1453年战争结束时，只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。19. Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a deat

34、h blow to feudalism? 尽管玫瑰战争持续了30年，但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响，反倒使英国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。A The Wars of the Roses B The Hundred Years WarC The English Civil War D World War I20. The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution , is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. 英国内战也叫“清教徒革

35、命”，这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度，也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以，从这个角度讲，英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。21. Scotland is the home of golf. 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰，苏格兰地区山多，气候湿润，多雾，非常适合牧草生长，这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时，用木板玩游戏，将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。22.Which of the follwing languages is NOT spoken in Sc

36、otland? Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。一直到15世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为苏格兰语（盎格鲁语：Scottish）。 A English B Scottish C Gaelic D Denish23.The election of 1979 made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister. Margaret Thatcher 在1979年成为英国首相，为英国史上第一个女首相。24.To its full sense,

37、 the British Parliament consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 具体的说，英国的议会是由元首，上议院和下议院组成。其中，元首没有实权，上议员由大法官（Lord Chancellor）掌权，是由神职议员（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗议员（the Lord Temporal），下议院的成员是通过选举产生的651名议员,以首相为首。25.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center

38、 of London, was built by William the Conqueror.伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。26.There are two state churches in Britain. 英国有两大国教： 在英格兰是英格兰教（Church of England）或者英国圣公会，在苏格莎白的头衔全称为“托上帝宏恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国和她的其他领土和领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世”。可见，英/女王是基督教的保护者。27.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was s

39、ucceeded by his son Richard, the regime began immediately to collapse. Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charles二世当国王。28. The twenty-first birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.在英国,21岁生日是个大生日,因为他们认为21岁是大人开始的年龄。29.Re

40、uters was founded in 1851. 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850年由保罗朱利叶斯路透 （paul julius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851年迁址到伦敦。创办人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。英国文学 1. Irony refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality. irony 是指“反讽”，揭示事物表面与真相的差别。2. Tennyson was recognized as the gre

41、atest poet of Victorian England. Aflred Tennyson 被称为维多利亚时代最杰出的英国诗人。他的主要作品为：The Princess，Maud 和短诗 Break，Break，Break。3.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT_. Jude the Obscure是Thomas Hardy的作品。 A Dubliners B A Potrait of the Artist as a Young Man C Jude the Obscure D Ulysses4.Whi

42、ch of the follwing poets is different from the others? 除了John Donn是玄学派诗人外，另外三位为浪漫主义派诗人。 A John Donne B John Keats C Lord Byron D Percy Bysshe Shelley5.William Wordsworth is an English _. William Wordsworth是英国前浪漫主义诗人。 A poet B novelist C playwright D critic6.The compiler of A Dictionary of the Englis

43、h Language is Samuel Johnson. Samuel Johnson（1709-1784）编写的英语字典是之后所有英语字典的基石。7.My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by Robert Browning. Robert Browning（1812-1889）擅于写独角剧，他的代表作是My Last Duchess和Meeting at Night。8. Beauty is truth, truth beauty is an epigrammatic line by John Keats. Beauty is truth

44、, truth beauty是John Keats的写作宗旨，他用尽毕生精力追求能够表达一切美丽事物的诗篇。A B William Blake C William Wordsworth D Percy Bysshe Shelley9. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by John Miltom.失乐园和复乐园均为John Milton作。10. James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown Dublin. James Joyce出生于爱尔兰的首都都柏林，主要作品有：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man，Ulysses。故事合集Dubliners。-