初中时态讲解：现在完成时.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date初中时态讲解：现在完成时、时态讲解：现在完成时 初中时态讲解：现在完成时1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have+ 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话

2、之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet 等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。We havent seen you recentl

3、y. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. 注意：a)since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ir

4、eland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike

5、has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 wee

6、ks. The old man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutes 2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示 “已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone t

7、o Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但是可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him

8、 before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Irregular Verbs ()见附件)Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _

9、(see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _

10、(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14

11、. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing

12、. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ i

13、t? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. -Hell

14、o, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going III. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before.

15、(改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school? 3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just _ a new bike. 4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years 5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句）6

16、. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here? 7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. Ask the questions 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _? 2) My father has lived here sinc

17、e 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _? 3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book? Use never, ever, already, just, yet, for, sinceto fill in the blanks. 1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wa

18、ng has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7.这本字典我已买了三年了。8.他离开中国三年了。9.我认识他们五年了。10.他们已去了美国五年了。11.自从他搬到济

19、宁，他就住这儿了。12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7 _4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 13. Ive known

20、 him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home

21、 / on the farm / be here / be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since 3) I went home yesterday. I home for 4) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return tobe back to go out be out 1) He came out two y

22、ears ago.He _ for _. 2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be 1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _. 2) The

23、door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up；die be dead；leave sp. be away from sp. fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep；finish / end be over；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _. 2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes. 3

24、) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _. 4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _. 6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on 1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.

25、 I _ _ at this school since _. 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep；lose not have；buy have ；put on wear /catch / get a cold have a cold；get to know know 1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _. 3) I got to kno

26、w him last year. I _ him since _. 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _. have / has gone to have been in He has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Part

27、y be in the league / the Party / the army 1) He joined the league in 2002. He _ a _ for two years. He _ a _ the _ for two years. He _ the league for two years. 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _a _ for _ _. My brother _ in _ for two years. 四、划线提问1) I have been there for two da

28、ys. _ _ _ you _ _ ? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _? 3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book 五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island. A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there

29、 for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there. A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He _ there only once. 六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go 的各种形式填空。1) Wh

30、ere is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now. 3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ they _ this village? 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm. 9)

31、When_ he _? He _ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before. 11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming. 13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter? 七用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen h

32、im before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”八. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _

33、 (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave). 5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there? 6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet? 7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange. 8. We - already _ (re

34、turn) the book. 9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday. 参考答案：1. since 2. for 3. for

35、 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen Keys: 1. How long have, been there

36、2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy Keys: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already 现在完成时态练习题答案一翻译下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book. 3. I have never been to the farm before. 4. He ha

37、s already had lunch = He has had lunch already. 5. Have you seen the movie yet? 6. My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = My brother hasnt returned yet. 7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years. 9. I have known them for

38、five years. 10. They have been in the USA for five years. 11. He has been here since he moved to Jining. 12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years. 13. They have known each other since 1999. 14. I have been in this school for over three

39、years. 二、用since或者 for填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since 11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语1. has been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2008 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. h

40、ave been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 1995 2. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept , last week 2. have had , two hours 3. have known , last years 4. have w