兽医专业英语练习题.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date兽医专业英语练习题兽医专业英语练习题第一部分：单词英译汉 1、cytokines （细胞因子 ）2、polymerase chain reaction（聚合酶链反应（=PCR）3、hormone（荷尔蒙）4、loose connective tissue（疏松结缔组织） 5、highly pathogenic avian influenza virus（高致病性禽流感

2、病毒）6、general anesthesia （全身麻醉）7、author index（作者索引）8、morbidity（发病;发病率）9、chick embryo（鸡胚）10、monoclone antibody（单克隆抗体）11、polyavitaminosis（多种维生素缺乏症）12、pulmonary artery（肺动脉）13、mortality（死亡数;死亡率S1）14、cross-protection（交叉保护）15、lymphocyte（淋巴球,淋巴细胞）16、myocardium（心肌）17、target cell（靶细胞）18、serum （浆液;血清）19、the in

3、fected blood （血液感染）20、inflammation（炎症;发炎）21、metabolism（新陈代谢）22、sulfonamide antimicrobials（磺胺抗生素）23、intravenous（静脉内的）24、mastitis（乳腺炎）25、interleukins（白细胞介素）26、streptococcosis suis （猪链球菌病）27、drug interactions（药物相互作用）28、gentamicin（庆大霉素）29、Science Citation Index( SCI) （科学引文索引）30、sandwich ELISA（夹心酶联免疫吸附试验

4、）第二部分：请将下列句子中下画线部分译成汉语1、 In this paper, we report the effect of plasma change in a ewe with this syndrome.（并发症状）2、 Co-infection and interaction of different immunosuppressive viruses （抑制免疫力的）3、 Co-infection and interaction of different immunosuppressive viruses （混合感染） 4、Twenty-one Merino sheep which

5、 had been drenched with anthelmintics were used in this study（驱虫药）5、Drug interactions may occur in vitro when incompatible drugs are mixed in the same syringe or vial or when drugs are mixed in incompatible solvents. （在试管内）6、Avian influenza virus is shed in high concentrations in the feces and survi

6、ves for long periods, especially in water at low temperature. （浓度）7、The featherless broiler is ready to go to market. （炙肉）8、Paramyxovirus I and infectious bronchitis virus A-6 were used as control antigens. （抑制）9、Frequently, concurrent administration of more than one drug is needed to achieve therap

7、eutic goals. （管理部门;行政机构,政府）10、18 (46%) of the flocks gave positive tests. （确定的;确实的）第三部分：句子英译汉1、Detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the serum of fowls from non-vaccinated flocks. 抗体检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的酶联免疫测定血清中的禽未接种疫苗的羊群。2、It was not until 1998

8、 that the phenomenon of RNAi was discovered.直到1998那个核糖核酸干扰的现象cai被发现3、Cytokines that are produced by mononuclear phagocytes are sometimes called monokines, and those produced by lymphocytes are commonly called lymphokines.细胞因子是由单核吞噬细胞有时被称为单核因子，而产生的淋巴细胞通常被称为淋巴因子。4、Avian influenza viruses have also bee

9、n isolated in many countries from imported caged birds. 禽流感病毒也被孤立在许多国家进口关在笼里的鸟儿5、Influence of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Infection on Swine ImmuneFunctions. 影响猪2型圆环病毒（PCV 2）感染对猪免疫功能。6、Vitamin K is not absorbed from the upper intestine. 维生素不吸收从小肠上部。第四部分：句子汉译英1、 广西大学动物科学技术学院预防兽医学教研室 Guangxi Univ

10、ersity College of animal science and Technology Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine2、广西禽流感病毒的分离和鉴定 Guangxi avian influenza virus isolation and identification第五部分：请按照译文翻译格式将下文翻译成汉语（20分）。Aust Vet J. 2006 Jan-Feb;84(1-2):59-62. 奥斯特兽医荷兰J . 2006；84（1）：59 - 62Newcastle Disease Antibody Test Kit纽卡

11、斯尔病抗体检测试剂盒Chutinimitkul S, Payungporn S, Chieochansin T, Suwannakarn K, Theamboonlers A, Poovorawan Y.Newcastle Disease is an economically important disease of domestic turkeys. Clinical signs associated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection vary from mild, subclinical infection to fulminatin

12、g disease with high mortality.The ProFLOK NDV-T ELISA Kit is a rapid serologic test for the detection of NDV antibody in turkey serum samples. It was developed primarily to aid in the detection of pre and post vaccination NDV antibody levels in turkeys. The assay is designed to measure turkey NDV an

13、tibody bound to NDV antigen Coated plates. The principle of the test is as follows: Serum obtained from turkeys exposed to Newcastle Disease Virus contains specific anti-NDV antibodies. Serum, diluted in Dilution Buffer, is added to an NDV antigen coated plate. After washing the plated, an affinity

14、purified goat anti-turkey IgG (H+L) peroxidase conjugate is added to each well. The antibody-antigen complex remaining from the previous step binds with the conjugate. After a brief incubation period, the unbound conjugate is removed by a second wash step. Substrate, which contains a chromagen, is a

15、dded to each well. Chromagen color change (from clear to green-blue) occurs in the presence of the peroxidase enzyme. The relative intensity of color developed in 15 minutes (compared to controls) is directly proportional to the level of NDV antibody in the serum. After the substrate has incubated,

16、Stop Solution is added to each well to terminate the reaction and the plate is read using an ELISA plate reader At 405-410nm.纽卡斯尔是一个经济上重要的疾病的国内火鸡。临床症状与纽卡斯尔病病毒（病毒）感染不同，从轻微，亚临床感染暴发性疾病的高死亡率。proflokndv-t试剂盒是一个快速血清学试验检测新城疫病毒抗体在土耳其血清样本。它是主要帮助检测前和后接种新城疫病毒抗体水平的火鸡。该法的目的是衡量火鸡新城疫抗体绑定到病毒抗原涂层板。检测原理如下：血清获得火鸡暴露纽卡斯

17、尔疾病病毒包含具体的反病毒抗体。血清稀释，稀释液，添加到新城疫病毒抗原涂层板。清洗后镀，亲和纯化山羊anti-turkey抗体（+1）过氧化物酶结合物被添加到每个井。抗体抗原复杂剩余从前面的步骤，结合共轭。经过简短的孵化期，约束共轭去除一次清洗步骤。基板，其中包含一个快，添加到每个井。快颜色的变化（从清晰到蓝绿）发生在过氧化物酶的存在。相对强度的颜色在15分钟（与对照组相比）是成正比的新城疫病毒抗体的血清。基板后已培养，阻止溶液加入到每一个终止反应和板是阅读使用酶标板读者405-410nmThe Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein of Newcastle

18、纽卡斯尔的血凝素神经氨酸酶蛋白Disease Virus Determines Tropism and Virulence病毒取向和毒性Zhuhui Huang, Aruna Panda, Subbiah Elankumaran, Dhanasekaran Govindarajan,Daniel D. Rockemann, and Siba K. Samal*Received 20 October 2003/Accepted 11 December 2003The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease vir

19、us (NDV) plays a crucial role in the process of infection. However, the exact contribution of the HN gene to NDV pathogenesis is not known. In this study, the role of the HN gene in NDV virulence was examined. By use of reverse genetics procedures, the HN genes of a virulent recombinant NDV strain,

20、rBeaudette C (rBC), and an avirulent recombinant NDV strain, rLaSota, were exchanged. The hemadsorption and neuraminidase activities of the chimeric viruses showed significant differences from those of their parental strains, but heterotypic F and HN pairs were equally effective in fusion promotion.

21、 The tissue tropism of the viruses was shown to be dependent on the origin of the HN protein. The chimeric virus with the HN protein derived from the virulent virus exhibited a tissue predilection similar to that of the virulent virus, and vice versa. The chimeric viruses with reciprocal HN proteins

22、 either gained or lost virulence, as determined by a standard intracerebral pathogenicity index test of chickens and by the mean death time in chicken embryos (a measure devised to classify these viruses), indicating that virulence is a function of the amino acid differences in the HN protein. These

23、 results are consistent with the hypothesis that the virulence of NDV is multigenic and that the cleavability of F protein alone does not determine the virulence of a strain.血凝素神经氨酸酶蛋白（湖南）纽卡斯尔病病毒（病毒）发挥了至关重要的作用在感染过程。但是，确切的贡献的基因对新城疫病毒的发病机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，所起的作用的基因在新城疫病毒毒力研究。通过使用反向遗传学程序，通用基因的一个致命的重组新城疫病毒株，r

24、beaudette丙（红细胞），和一个无毒重组新城疫病毒株，rlasota，交换。该血吸附和神经氨酸酶活动的嵌合病毒有显着差异，从他们的父母株，但异型和惠娜对同样有效促进融合。组织取向的病毒被证明是取决于原产地的蛋白。嵌合病毒的蛋白从致命的病毒表现出组织偏好相似，恶性病毒，反之亦然。嵌合病毒F蛋白相互可以得到或失去毒性，所确定的标准，脑内接种致病指数试验鸡和鸡胚平均死亡时间（一个制定分类这些病毒），表明毒力是一个功能的氨基酸差异的蛋白。这些结果是一致的假设，毒力基因和新城疫病毒融合蛋白的裂解性本身并不确定致病株。Avian influenza virus and Newcastle disea

25、se virus (NDV) 禽流感病毒和纽卡斯尔病毒（病毒）surveillance in commercial breeding farm in China and the characterization of Class I NDV isolates监控在商业养殖场在中国和表征一类的新城疫病毒分离Beixia Hua,*, Yanyan Huang a, Yefeng He b, Chuantian Xu a, Xishan Lu c, Wei Zhang a,Bin Meng d, Shigan Yan a, Xiumei Zhang a,*A B S T R A C Tdiseas

26、e virus (NDV) in ducks in Shandong province of China, extensive surveillance studies were carried out in the breeding ducks of an intensive farm from July 2007 to September 2008. Each month cloacal and tracheal swabs were taken from 30 randomly selected birds that appeared healthy. All of the swabs

27、were negative for influenza A virus recovery, whereas 87.5% of tracheal swabs and 100% cloacal swabs collected in September 2007, were positive for Newcastle disease virus isolation. Several NDV isolates were recovered from tracheal and cloacal swabs of apparently healthy ducks. All of the isolates

28、wereapathogenic as determined by the MDT and ICPI. The HN gene and the variable region of F gene (nt 47420) of four isolates selected at randomwere sequenced. A 374 bp region of F gene and the full length of HN gene were used for phylogenetic analysis. Four isolates were identified as the same isola

29、te based on nucleotide sequences identities of 99.2100%, displaying a closer phylogenetic relationship to lentogenic Class I viruses. There were 1.99.9% nucleotide differences between the isolates and other Class I virus in the variable region of F gene (nt 47420), whereas there were 38.541.2% nucle

30、otide difference between the isolates and Class II viruses. The amino acid sequences of the F protein cleavage sites in these isolates were 112-ERQERL-117. The full length of HN gene of these isolates was 1851 bp, coding 585 amino acids. The homology analysis of the nucleotide sequence of HN gene in

31、dicated that there were 2.04.2% nucleotide differences between the isolates and other Class I viruses, whereas there were 29.540.9% differences between the isolates and Class II viruses. The results shows that these isolates are not phylogenetically related to the vaccine strain (LaSota). This study

32、 adds to the understanding of the ecology of influenza viruses and Newcastle disease viruses in ducks and emphasizes the need for constant surveillance in times of an ongoing and expanding epidemic of AIV and NDV病病毒（病毒）在中国山东省，广泛的监测进行了研究，在鸭养殖的集约农场从七月的2007上升到九月的2008。每个月的泄殖腔和气管拭子取自30个随机选择的，是健康的。所有样本呈阴性

33、流感病毒恢复，而87.5%的气管拭子和100%泄殖腔拭子收集在九月2007，积极为纽卡斯尔病病毒分离。几株菌株从气管和泄殖腔拭子看起来健康的鸭子。所有的菌株正常所确定的化疗和ICP。该基因的可变区基因（新台币47420）四株选定在randomwere测序。374区基因和全长基因进行系统进化分析。四个菌株被确定为同一个孤立的核苷酸序列身份99.2100%，显示一个更近的系统发育关系lentogenic类病毒。有1.99.9%核苷酸之间的差异株等一类病毒的可变区基因（新台币47420），而有38.541.2%核苷酸之间的差异株和类病毒。氨基酸序列的蛋白质裂解网站在这些菌株112-erqerl-11

34、7。全长基因的这些菌株是1851个碱基，编码585个氨基酸。同源性分析核苷酸序列的基因片段显示，有24.2%核苷酸之间的差异株和其他类病毒，而有29.540.9%之间的差异株和类病毒。结果表明，这些菌株是不经过疫苗相关株（新城疫）。这项研究增加了理解的流感病毒生态学和纽卡斯尔病病毒在鸭和强调需要不断监测时间的持续和扩大流行的禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒Multiplex RT-PCR for rapid detection and differentiation of class I and class II Newcastle disease viruses多重RT - PCR快速检测和分化的第一

35、类和第二类纽卡斯尔病病毒Hualei Liu, Yunling Zhao, Dongxia Zheng, Yan Lv, Wei Zhang, Tiangang Xu,Jinming Li, Zhiliang WangA multiplex RT-PCR was developed for detection and differentiation of class I and class II strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The method was shown to have high specificity and sensitiv

36、ity. The results obtained from the multiplex RT-PCR for a total of 67 NDV field isolates obtained in 2009 were consistent with those obtained by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A phylogenetic tree based on the partial sequences of the F gene revealed that the 67 field isolates of ND

37、V could be divided into two classes. Twenty-seven NDV isolates were grouped into class I, and two genotypes were identified. Most of the class I isolates were determined to be of genotype 3, with the exception of isolate NDV09-034, which belonged to genotype 2. Forty class II NDV isolates were divid

38、ed into three genotypes, namely genotype VII (27 isolates), genotype I (2 isolates) and genotype II (11 isolates). Isolates of genotypes I and II in class II were shown to be related to commercial vaccine strains used commonly in China. All isolates of genotype VII were predicted to be virulent, on

39、the basis of the sequence motif at the cleavage site of the F gene. This genotype has become predominantly responsible for most outbreaks of ND in China in recentyears. In conclusion, this multiplex RT-PCR provides a new assay for rapid detection and differentiation of both classes of NDV isolates.一

40、个多重RT - PCR是检测和分化的第一类和第二类株纽卡斯尔病病毒（病毒）。结果表明该方法有较高的特异性和灵敏度。所取得的成果从多重RT - PCR共计67个新城疫病毒分离领域中获得2009均符合获得的核苷酸序列及系统发育分析。进化树的基础上部分序列的基因显示，67株新城疫病毒可分为2类。新城疫病毒分离株分为二十七类，和基因型鉴定。大多数的一类菌株被确定为3型，除了孤立ndv09-034，属于基因型2。四十类二新城疫病毒分离株的基因型分为三型，即第七（27株），基因型（2株）和第二基因型（11株）。分离株的基因型我和第二类被证明是相关的商业疫苗株常用在中国。所有分离株基因型七预测是致命的，序列的基础上，序列的裂解位点的基因。这基因型已成为主要负责大多数爆发在中国在最近年。总之，这提供了一个新的多重RT - PCR法快速检测和分化的两个班级的新城疫病毒分离株。-