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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date初中英语8种时态讲解及练习初中英语8种时态讲解及练习 初中英语时态讲解一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays等 基本结构:be动词;行为动词 否定形式:am/is/are+not;
2、此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。一、 【人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数】。如:HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词
3、都用are)二、 【单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数】。如:HanMeilookslikehermother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲。BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、【单数可数名词或this/that/the+单数可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数】。如:Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。Thisbookisyours.这本书是你的。四、【不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第
4、三人称单数】。如:Everyoneishere.大家到齐了。Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.这块手表有毛病。五、【不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数】。如:Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。六、【当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数】。如:6isaluckynumber.6是个吉利数字。【练习】一、单选 1.Jenny_inanoffice.Herparents_inahospital.Aworkworks Bworkswork Cworkareworking Disworkingwo
5、rk2Oneoftheboys_ablackhat. AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3Wewillgoshoppingifit_tomorrow. AdontrainBdidntrainCdoesntrainDisntrain4Hesaidthesun_intheeastand_inthewest. Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets5WangMei_musicandoften_tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDlikinglisten6Jenny_Eng
6、lisheveryevening. AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied二、填空 1.Herhome_(远离)herschool. 2.Who_(想要)togoswimming?3.IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_(come)tovisit. 4._she_(do)thehouseworkeveryday?5 Thepot_(notlook)likeyoursverymuch. 6Where_you_(have)luncheveryday?7JennyandDannyusually_(play)gamesintheafternoon. 8_your
7、sister_(know)English?二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)1.Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were肯定句式:主语+be(was,were)+其它.否定句式:主
8、语+be(was,were)+not+其它.一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+其它?注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was/were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.肯定句式:主语+动词(过去式)+其它 否定句式:主语+didnt+动词(原形)+其它【didnot=didnt】一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词(原形)+其它【do,does的过去时均为did】?注:1.did和didnt是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在
9、其后跟动词的原形。2.实意动词do的一般过去时Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(用yesterday改写句子)Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ididntdomyhomeworkyesterday.(否定句)Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididnt.(一般疑问句)3.情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。肯定句式:主语+情态动词+其它否定句式:主语+情态动词+not+其它.一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+其它?注:情态动词的过去式:cancould,ma
10、ymight,mustmust,will-would,should-should。4. 特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?Whatwasyourformername?你以前叫什么名字?WhywashelateforschoollastMonday?上星期一他为什么迟到?Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago?20年前她能做什么?规则动词的过去式1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisi
11、tvisitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked2. 以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。liveliveduseusedtaste-tasted3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加ed。studystudiedtrytriedflyflied4.以重读闭音节(即辅音元音辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加ed。stopstoppedplanplannedstop-stoppedpreferpreferred5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was,are-were(是),become_became(成为)
12、go-went(走)基本用法表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚突然病倒了。表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作Shewenttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatwalkedbytheriverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。叙述过去连续发生的一件件事 Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1.He (live)inWuxitwoyear
13、sago. 2.Thecat (eat)abirdlastnight. 3.We (have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek. 5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday. 6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson. 7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival. 8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight. 9.I(watch)acartoononSaturd
14、aylastweek.10._you_(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?11._he_(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he_.12.GaoShan_(put)upthepicturelastnight.13.I_(sweep)theflooryesterday.14.What_she_(find)inthegardenlastmorning?15.Herfather_(read)anewspaperlastnight.16.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.17.Ilistenedbut_(
15、hear)nothing.18.Howmanypeople_(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?二、按要求变换句型。1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑问句)_Frank_aninterestingbookabouthistory?2. Hecleanedhisroom justnow.(划线提问)What_he_?3.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.(否定句)Thomas_RMB10onthisbook.4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.(划线提问) _famil
16、y_lastweek?1.I_(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2.She_(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.3._she_(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_.4.What_Tom_(do)onSaturdayevening?He_(watch)TVand_(read)aninterestingbook.5.Theyall_(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.She_(stay)athomeand_(do)somecleaning.6. When_you_(write
17、)thissong?I_(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,_(study)forthemathtestand_(practice)Englishlastnight.8._Mr.Li_(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_.9.How_(be)Jimsweekend?It_(benot)bad.10._(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she_.三、现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。构成:be+现在分词。be应为助动词,应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】
18、动词现在分词的变化规则1. 一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing,如:work-workingstudy-studying2. 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing,如:make-makingdance-dancing3. 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing,如:put-puttingbegin-beginning4.以-ie结尾的动词,把-ie变成y再加-ing,如:lie-lyingtie-tying写出下列动词的现在分词形式dance_shop_play_speak_have_work_write_take_study_sit_sing_swim_lie_变化:肯定句式:
19、主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+其它.一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它?对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。用法(包括高级用法):1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Pleasedontmakesomuchnoise.Imwritingacomposition.不要吵闹。我正在写作文。Letssetoff.Itisntrainingnow.咱们出发吧。现在不下雨了。这类情
20、况常与now现在,atthepresent现在,atthemoment现在,today今天,thisweek这个星期,thisyear今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态,如:Itsfouroclockintheafternoon.Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground.现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。Hurryup!Weareallwaitingforyou.快点!我们大家都等着你。Look!Theyarereadingoverthereunderthetree.看!他们在那边的树底下看书。Listen!She
21、issingingintheroom.听!她在房间里唱歌。WhereisKate?Sheisreadingintheroom.凯特在哪里?她在房间里看书。Whyareyoucrying?Issomethingwrong?为什么哭呢?有什么不对?2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.这几天我们在一家工厂工作。Theyarecompilingadictionary.他们在编一本词典。这类情况常与today今天,thisweek这个星期,thisevening今天晚上,thesedays现在、目前等时间状语连用。3,在口语中
22、表示主语计划将要作的动作。TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.明天他们将要动身前往纽约。Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?你的兄弟很快就要启程吗?这类情况常与come来,go去,leave离开,depart离开,arrive到达,stay逗留,start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。Hesalwaysquarrelingwithothers.他老喜欢跟别人吵架。Sheisconstantlyworryingabouthersonshealth.她不停地为她儿子
23、的健康担心着。Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那个男孩老是问问题。这类情况常与always总是,usually通常,continually不断的,constantly经常的,forever永远、老是等副词连用。5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。Howareyoufeelingtoday?(Howdoyoufeeltoday?)你今天感觉如何?Iamlooking(look)forwardtoyournextvisit.我盼望你下次再来。Whyareyoulooking(doyoulook)sosad?为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸
24、的样子呢?6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示逐渐的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外,一般不和其他时间副词连用的。Ourstudyisbecomingmoreinteresting.我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。Theleavesareturningred.树叶渐渐地变红了。Thewarisending.战争接近尾声了。Waitamoment;Iamfinishingmysupper.等一会儿,我的晚饭就要吃完了。适合于此种用法的动词有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成,begin开始,forget忘记,remember记得,die死,finish完成,find发现,ri
25、se增强等.7,be动词的现在进行时。be动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。Heisbeingfoolish.他在装傻。Heisbeinghonest.他表现得特别老实。Sheisbeingrude.她故意表现粗鲁。Icantunderstandwhyheisbeingsoselfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。适合于此种用法的有:foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful细心的,patient耐心的,lazy懒惰的,silly傻的,rude粗鲁的,polite礼貌的,impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。(be动
26、词用于现在进行时表示人的行为,纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时,be动词不能用于现在进行时)如:Iamhappy.(表语是纯粹的心理状态,不可用ambeing)我很快乐。Hestired.(表语是纯粹的生理状态,不可用isbeing)他很疲倦。Itshottoday.(主语不是人,不可用isbeing)今天很热。【练习】一.填空题1MrZheng_(read)abooknow.2.Therabbits_(jump)now.3.Look!TomandJohn_(swim). 4.Look!Thebus_(stop).5.Mybrother_(make)akiteinhisro
27、omnow.6.Look!He_(dive)now.7.We_(have)anEnglishclassnow.8.Listen!Someoneis_(come).9.They_(catch)butterfliesnow.10.He_(do)anexperimentnow11.They_(collect)stampsnow. 12.Thedoctors_(get)offthebus13.Tom_(watch)TVinthediningroom.14.It_(eat)fishnow.15.Comeon.They_(leave)now.16.Theteachers_(run)now.17.Myfat
28、her_(work)intheofficenow.18.Whereisyourmother? She_(answer)thephone.二、按要求改写句子1.Theboyisplayingbasketball.否定句:_ _ _一般疑问句:_肯定回答:_否定回答:_对Theboy提问:_2. 造句:1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_1) .is,who,thewindow,cleaning?(连词成句)_2) .Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)_4. )Youaredoingyourhomework.(用I作主语改写句
29、子)_5) .they,thetree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_6).TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.(改成一般疑问句)_四、过去进行时:(一)概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。(二)结构:were/were+V-ing. (三)标志词:1.atthis/thattime,2.whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening3.atthis/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),4.at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Su
30、nday),5.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。例如:Iwasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.(四)一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略回答。1.肯定句:主语+was/were+V-ing+其它.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.2. 否定句:主语+was/were+not+V-ing+其它.IwasnotwatchingTVatthattimelastnight.3. 一般疑问句:was/were
31、主语+V-ing+其它?WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight?肯定回答:Yes,Iwas.否定回答:No,Iwasnt.4.特殊问句:疑问词was/were主语+V-ing+其它?Whatwereyoudoingatatthattimelastnight?(五)基本用法:1.过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。(用介词短语和从句来表示时间点)IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.(过去某一时刻)Mymotherwascookingdinnerat9:00yesterday.(过去某一时刻)Wewerehavingsup
32、perwhenTomcamein.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了(从句表示时间点)2.过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内持续发生动作或事情。(thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。)Lucywasworkingallday.(过去某一段时间)WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoclocktonineoclocklastnight.3.在复合从句中,从句和主句的动作都是延续性或同时发生,那么主从句都要过去进行时。Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadingnewspaper.他边等车边看报。(两个
33、动作都是延续的)HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)(六)when和while的用法区别when既指时间点,也可指一段时间。因此when在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词while只指一段时间。while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后生;while则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。when引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。While后面一般用过去进行时。如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用
34、while引导,a.Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.b.Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing.【练习】1.I_at8:00yesterday.A.wassleepinglateB.sleptlateC.sleeplate2.They_atthistime.A. talkingonthephoneB.weretalkingonthephoneC.wastalkingonthephone3.Lilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary
35、_.A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC.atthattimeyesterday 4.I_whentheUFOarrived?A.wascuttinghairB.wascuttinghairC.cuttinghair5.Myfatherwasreadingnewspaper_mymotherwascookingdinner.A.whenB.whileC.what6.Mybrother_whilehe_hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.fell,rode 7.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime. A.workedB.wasworking.Cisworking8.-whatwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday?-I_theshower. A.wasgettingoutofB.gotoutofC.wasgetoutof9.I_mybreakfastwhenthebellrang.A.hadB.washavingC.amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A,wastraveling
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