英语介词用法口诀大全.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英语介词用法口诀大全.精品文档.英语介词用法口诀大全早、午、晚要用in，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后，小处at 大处in。有形with 无形by，语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。介词at 和to 表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和“一就”，on 后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前on 代in。步行、驴、

2、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage 则用in。at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下，above、below 则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。besides，except 分内外，among 之内along 沿。同类比较

3、except，加for 异类记心间。原状because of,、owing to、due to 表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from 物、化分。before、after 表一点, ago、later 表一段。before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。since 以来during 间，since 时态多变换。与之相比beside，除了last but one。复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for 否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。ing 型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面，有关介词须记全

4、。in 内to 外表位置，山、水、国界to 在前。如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。早、午、晚要用in例：in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天at 黎明、午、夜、点与分例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候at noon 在中午at night 在夜间at midnight 在午夜以上短语都不用冠词at six oclock 在6点钟at 7：30 (seven thi

5、rty) 在7点半at half past eleven 在11 点半at nine fifteen 在9点15 分at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10 点30 分也可以写成seven to five 5点差7 分(半小时以上)five minutes after two 2点过5 分at a quarter to two 1点45 分at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季节、周即在“来年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。例；in 1986 在1986 年in 1927 在1927 年in April 在四月i

6、n March 在三月in December 1986 1986 年12 月in July l983 1983年7 月in spring 在春季in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季in winter 在冬季 autumn 5C:tEm n. 秋天in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周in the third week 在第三周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in，即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。例：Dont read in dim（暗淡） light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。They are reviewing th

7、eir lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。review ri5vju: vt.回顾, 复习; n.回顾, 复习, 评论They are sitting in the shade（乘凉） of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。a prisoner（5prIznE(r) n. 囚犯） in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣

8、衫褴褛society sE5saiEti n. 社会；团体，会，社以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人 merchant 5mE:tFEnt n. 商人the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女in uniform 穿着制服 uniform 5ju:nifC:m n.制服in mourning 穿着丧服in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 brown braun n.褐色; adj.褐色的, 棕色的shoe Fu: n. 鞋in his

9、 shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫 sleeve sli:v n. 袖子 shirt FE:t将来时态in.以后例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10 天以后回来。Ill come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。Well be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。Come and see me in two days time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)after. (从过去开始)小处at 大处in例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and soun

10、d, all is well. Dont worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。Im in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市有形with 无形by，语言、单位、材料in例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)The

11、teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy is a good opera. 是出好戏。(无形)The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法无形)separate 5sepEreit adj. (from)分离的，分开的 v. (from)分离，分开I really cant express

12、my idea in English freely in-deed 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用in)I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用in )The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)This board was c

13、ast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in特征或状态：例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。patient 5peIF(E)nt n.病人He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来

14、，却满怀希望而去。despair dis5pZE n.绝望The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。还有一些短语也用in，如：in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地

15、，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，insorrow 伤心地等。His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。方面：例：we acce

16、pted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。方式：例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来

17、了。要想续结果, 下回书:em27:em27:接上回书!The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。如下成语惯用in例如： in all 总计in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.希望in connection with 和有关in contact with 和联系in addition to 除.以外in case o

18、f 倘若，万一in conflict（冲突） with 和.冲突in force 有效的，大批in depth 彻底地in regard to 关于in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近in retrospect 回顾，一想起in behalf of 代表.利益in the least 一点，丝毫in alarm 惊慌、担心in the opinion of 据见解in the long run 从长远说来in ones opinion 在看来in word 口头上in a word 总之in vain 无益地, 白白地in case 如果，万一，以防in detail 详细

19、地in haste 急急忙忙地in conclusion 总之in spite of 尽管in other words. 换句话说in return 作为回报in the name of 以.名义be confident in 对.有信心be interested in 对.感兴趣in doubt 怀疑in love 恋爱中in debt 负债in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地in hesitation 犹豫不决in wonder 在惊奇中in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)in a good humour 心情(情绪)好“介词at、to 表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶

20、、分”。介词at 和to 都可以表示方向; 用at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to 表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：1. AShe came at me. 她向我扑过来。BShe came to me. 她向我走过来。2AJake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。BJake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。3A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。4

21、AHe shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说5AI heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。BI heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。6A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。BShe talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.7AShe threw a bone（骨头） at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。BShe t

22、hrew a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。8AHe presented a pistol（手枪） at me. 他用手枪对着我。BHe presented5prez(E)nt a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949 年10 月1 日on February the thirteenth l893 1893 年2 月13 日on May the first 5月1日on the first 1号on the sixteenth 16号on

23、the second of January 或on January the second 1月2 日on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)on New Years Day 在元旦on my birthday 在我的生日但in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earliertimes 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用in，the present time 现在，a

24、t the present day 当今则用at。on May Day 在“五一”节on winter day 在冬天on Decenber 12th 1950 l950 年12 月12 日on Sunday 在星期天on Monday 在星期一on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午on Friday evening 星期五晚上但last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time 准时，in time 及时，等则不同。年月日，加早午晚，of 之前on 代in例： on the morning of

25、18th 18 日早晨on the evening of 4th 4日晚上On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。收音、农场，值日on例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?I heard the news over (or on) the

26、radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。talk over the radio 由无线电播音on TV 从电视里.hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。This is a farmers house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日?We go on duty at 8

27、 a.m. 我们上午8 点钟上班。关于、基础、靠、著论例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。You are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。The belief is based on practical experienc

28、e. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。You cant afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month 靠月薪100 元的收入，你是买不起奢侈品的。Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。He is

29、 just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。on后接the 加上一个作名词的动词其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如：on the march 在行军中，on the mend 在好转中，on the prowl 徘徊，on the move 活动中，on the scrounge 巧取豪夺(埋语)，on the go

30、活跃，忙碌，on the lookout 注意, 警戒，on the watch监视着。on the hop 趁不备抓住某人等等。on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship和on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorshipon Coalition Government 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准注：口诀中的“着”是指着火，罢指罢工，偷指偷偷地，公指出差、办公事；假指休假，准指准时。例：The house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。The workers of the

31、railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。Ive come here on business. 我是有公事来的。They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。They has been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行

32、。Ill go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的，不是不告而别。She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。This lunch is on me.No. lets go Dutch.“这顿午饭我付钱。”“不，还是各付各的。”On the contrary, it was

33、very easy to understand. 相反，这事儿很容易理解。P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。注：in time 是“及时”的意思。The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。特定时间和“一就”，左右on 后动名词例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。(特定时间)On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一进屋，他就发

34、现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。Ill write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一就)以及on the left, right 向左向右，on the stair 在台阶上等。步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage 用in例：On foot 步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴。He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马，鲜血从腰部流下来。The s

35、oldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。Go on horse back! 骑马去！You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!in cab和in carriage 不能用on 或by cab或carrige。at 山脚、门口在当前，速、温、日落价核心即在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、以速率、温度、在日落时、在核心要用at。例：At the foot of the mountain, t

36、here are thirty of our comrades. 在山脚下，有我们30 个同志。There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball. 门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。Whos standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?I dont need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。He is at present i

37、n Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50 公里。we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost. 我们以最低的投资，最高的速度修建了该工厂。at home 在国内，在家里at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10 度Water freezes at 0centigrade. 水在镊氏零度结冰。Water usually boils at

38、 100. 水通常在摄氏100 度沸腾。at zero 在零度at the rate of 45 miles an hourat full speed 全速at a good price 高价at a low cost 低成本at a great cost 花了很大代价at that time 在当时Evaporation takes place at all tempertures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000 转at a high speed 高速The soldiers launched an attac

39、k upon the enemy at sunset. 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。at daybreak 日出时The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原子核。At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开

40、始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。下回书再续！ :em27:接上回书! :em27:以及At the first session of the First National Peoples congress of the Peoples Republic of China. 在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上.常用的at 短语有:at first 首先，开始时at least 至少at all events 无论如何at home 在家，无拘束at one stroke 一下子at a loss 不知怎办at any rate 不管怎样at length 详细地be at

41、 high tide 处于高潮期at our invitation 应我们的邀请at our request 应我们的请求at the news 听到这消息at the risk of 冒.危险at a great expense 以巨大费用at a stroke 一举at intervals of 每隔at liberty 有权，随意at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近，靠近at the thought of 一想到at the speed of 以.速度at the cost (price) of 以.为代价at leisure 闲着、失业at the

42、 disposal of 任凭使用at stake 在危险中、在成败关头at bottom 实际上、本质上at short notice 一得到通知at seeing us 看到我们at the happy tidings 听到喜讯at sixteen 在16 岁时at the present stage 在现阶段at the weekend 周末at all times 永远at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405 号工具、同、和、随with，具有，独立、就、原因例：We write with ballpens. 我们用油笔写字。(工具)但He write in blue in

43、k. 他用蓝水笔写字(墨水用in 不用with)Theory must go hand in hand with practice. 理论必须同实践相结合。(同)He is talking with friends. 他正同朋友们谈话。同)Id like to have a dinner with a friend. 我喜欢同朋友共同进餐。We must co-operate closely with them. 我们必须同他们紧密合作。(同)We, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among

44、 us and our hearts are linked withyours. 我们虽然就要走了，但是友谊却在我们之间扎了根，我们的心和你们的心是紧紧相连的。(和或同A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必须和群众打成一片。Im with you. 我同意你。An atom is so small that we cant see it with a microscope. 原子太小，即使用显微镜也看不见它。(工具)In the past I had to part with my wife. 旧社会我不得不和妻子离别。(和)The social

45、ist revolution is deepening with each passing day. 社会主义革命日益深入。(随着)They sail with the wind. 他们顺风航行。(随着)With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too. 随着经济基础的改变，上层建筑也必须改变。(随着)With the battlle of Waterloo, Napoleons rule in Europe was ended. 滑铁卢一战，拿破仑对欧洲的统治就完蛋

46、了。The modern electron tube. 随着电子管的发明而诞生了现代电子工业She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition. = in a family way, = She is pregnant (inpregnancy). 她怀孕了。(有)但She is with a child意为:“她领着一个孩子。”China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有)China is a country with a population of ten billion people. 中国是一个有10 亿人口的国家。（具有）What is the matter with you? 怎么回事?(就，关于)How is it with you? 你怎么啦？(就，关于)Everythi