词性、句子成分及五种基本句型教案.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流词性、句子成分及五种基本句型教案词性、句子成分、五种基本句型一、词类1. 名词（ n. ） 名词就是名称人或事物的名称。具体的人或物体的名称:人名-Mike,Li Ming;地名America ,China 动物名-pig,dog;植物名-tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识).2. 代词（pron.） 何谓“代” ？“代”是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。

2、从英语词汇的整体来看代词数量并不多，如hetheyshe等 3. 动词（ v. ） 动就是动作人的五官动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些动词是表示静止的，如：am，is， are。 4. 形容词（adj.） 我们在讲论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什么样子。”你就要用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。5. 副词（adv . ）说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用quickly（快地），slowly（慢地），clea

3、rly（清楚地）这些词往往来修饰动词。它们就是副词。副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词，不过只有少量的单词（常见的有 likely 、friendly lovely 、lonely 、weekly 、monthly、 yearly ）,这几个单词需要加强记忆，也不就是几个单词特殊嘛，不过考试往往就考特殊的，你要小心才是呀！ 6. 介词（prep.） 英语用词里，介词也属于难缠的一个。因为它涉及方面广，而且变化多端，往往令人捉摸不定，记起来很麻烦。别怕别怕，大部份介词都不难理解，比较令人头痛的只是下列

4、几个at, by, to,in,for,of,on,from,with，其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四大“难缠！学习介词就是要抓住这几难缠，还要提醒你的是，介词同名词“关系”最好，是“铁” 哥们，所以往往你见到介词的地方你就会见到名词,而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起，那就是冠词，他们三个形成一个“小集团”。介词与动词也有着不可分割的连带关系，介词经常与动词组成短语动词。 7. 连词（conj. ）如果我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来就要用连词。连词不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子成分。常见的连词有：and、but、or 、 both . a

5、nd 、neither.nor 、not only .but also 、when 、 where、 before、 after 、 if 等等 8. 冠词（art. ）英语中只有三个词：a、an (不定冠词) the (定冠词)，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。冠词也不能单独做主语宾语，只能和名词、形容词、数词结合作句子成分。 9. 数词（num. ）顾名思义，跟数字有关的词就是数词。英语中的数词有两种，基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，比如：one、 two 、three 、 four、 five 、six 、 seven 等等 ，序数词表

6、示顺序，比如：first 、second、third 、fourth 、fifth 等等。 10. 感叹词（interj.）主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情的，比如：oh 、ah、 well 等等，这一词类在十大词类中并不重要，了解即可。练习一一） 根据对词类概念的理解，指出下面单词的词性： 1. deep 2. finger 3. fly 4. papers 5. pass 6. refuse 7. size 8. spoon 9. delicious 10. thick 11. town 12. map 13. myself 14. and 15 .on 16. sheep 17 .ship 1

7、8. mine 19. important 20. an21. catch 22 .first 23. laugh 24. third 25. leave 26. here 27 .fly 28. home 29. round 30. sing 31. blind 32. but 33. eighth 34. about 35. bad 36. yours 37. child 38 .against 39. ah 40. with 41. cinema 42. Tuesday 43. cheap 44 .advice 45. two 46. they 47. able 48. for 49.

8、say 50. quickly 51. if 答案：形容词：1、9、10、19、29、31、35、43、47 动词：3、5、6、21、23、25、27、30、49 名词：2、4、7、8、11、12、16、17、3、27、28、37、41、42、44、 代词：13、18、36、46 数词：22、24、33、45 冠词：20 连词：14、32、51 副词：26、29、50 介词：15、34、38、40、48 感叹词：39二）判断下列句子中划线单词的词性1.Mary dances well.2. His father is reading.3 .Tom is looking for his watc

9、h.4 .He often plays violin after school.5 .Mr. Green works in a university.6 .The teacher taught us English songs.7 .I have had this pen for two years.8 .Nothing can live without water.9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.10. You cant agree with me .答案：1. 副词 2. 形容词型物主代词 3. 介词 4. 副词5. 冠词 6.

10、名词 7. 动词 8. 不定代词/ 介词 9.情态动词 10. 情态动词二、 句子成分和简单句的五种基本类型1、 成分与词性的关系：词性是一个词语的性质，而成分是词语在不同句子中的角色，词性是不会改变的，但成分对于同一个词语在不同的句子中是可以不一样的。如: The boy likes English/ The teacher teaches the boy English. 在这两句话中，the boy的词性都是名词，而在第一句话中做主语成分，在第二句话却做宾语的成分。2、 成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） H

11、e likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep.

12、 一、选出句中谓语的中心词. 1、I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall 2、Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus 3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 4、Did the twins have porridge for th

13、eir breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 5、Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework 6、Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book 答案：BCACCA表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词）

14、 Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有:1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, s

15、ound, look, appear, seem 等。 2) 表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go,等 3)表延续的动词remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等4）be动词 It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 一、挑出

16、下列句中的表语 1、The old man was feeling very tired. 2、The leaves have turned yellow. 3、They look beautiful. 4、She was the first one. 答案：tired yellow beautiful the first one 宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I e

17、njoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 二、选出下列句中的宾语 1、My brother hasnt do

18、ne his homework. A B C D 2、People all over the world speak English. A B C D 3、The old man said he was ill. A B C 4、You will find the museum on the left. A B C 5、You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C 6、They didnt know Tom. A B C 答案：DDCBBC 五、拓展训练 一、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语. Please tell us a stor

19、y. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 答案：直宾：a story/a new bike/history/ it/message 间宾：us/me/us/Tom/me宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor.（名词）We all think it a pity that sh

20、e didnt come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 选出下列句中的宾语补足语 1、He

21、 asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C 2、They call me Lily sometimes. A B C 3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C 4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground ? A B C 答案：CCCC定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the th

22、ird world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不

23、定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 二、选出下列句中的定语 1、What is your English name? A B C 2、The man downstairs is sleeping. A B C 3、I am waiting for the tall boy. A B C 4、The old man is 90 years old. A B C 答案：CBBA状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go

24、 there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. T

25、hough he is young, he can do it well. 选出下列句中的状语. 1、Tom runs fast. A B C 2、There was a big smile on her face. A B C 3、Every night he heard the noise . A B C 4、He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C 5、She loves the library because she loves books. A B C 答案：CCACC 五种基本句型1. 主语 不及物动词 She came

26、/ My head aches. 2. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 3. 主语 系动词 表语 She is happy 4. 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me. 5. 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry 主（语）谓（语）此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等，但不能直接加宾语。 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀

27、着. 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了. 3. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系. 4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时. 5. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利.主语谓语宾语 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Who knows the answer？ 谁知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书. 3

28、. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误.主（语）系（动词）表（语）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词。1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典. 2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好. 3. His face turned red. 他的脸红了 4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了. 5. He i

29、s growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮.主语谓语宾语（somebody）宾语(something)（双宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳. 2. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片. 3. He bought you a dictionar

30、y.他给你买了一本字典. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器.主语谓语宾语 宾语补足语此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整. 1. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色. 2. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住. 3. What makes him think

31、so？ 他怎么会这样想？. 4. We saw him out. 我们送他出去. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来. 6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 我看见他们当时在上了那辆公共汽车.练习：判断下列句子的句型1. She was short 2.I cant stand the heat.3.I sent you an E-mail. 4.It cost me three dollars5.You can leave the door open. 6.He speaks Englis

32、h .7.Teachers will make your English better. 8.That will save you a lot of time9.They found the dead boy. 10.They found the boy dead.11.I found the book easily. 12.Tom took Jim a book.13.I always find her happy 14.He said he didnt come.15.They love each other. 答案：1. 主系表 2. 主谓宾 3. 主谓双宾 4. 主谓双宾 5. 主谓宾

33、宾补6. 主谓宾 7. 主谓宾宾补 8. 主谓双宾 9. 主谓宾 10. 主谓宾宾补11. 主谓宾 12. 主谓双宾 13. 主谓宾宾补 14. 主谓宾 15. 主谓宾 课堂总结课后作业练习一找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1Tom is a student.2He is fat. 3I am tired .4We are students.5The bag was lost .6The boy was foolish .7They were kind.8She is in the room.9The books are on the des

34、k.10Snow is white.句子比较简单，答案就不呈现了练习二一 判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么词性充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等等） 1 .He arrived yesterday.2.The boy is crying loudly. 3.She died in 2000.4.The man disappeared in the street.5.I like music.6.She wanted some help 7.I slept well last night.练习三现在来试试身手，请找出下面各句中所有的定语，并指出

35、是由什么充当的定语。 1、The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。2、Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。3、His boy needs Toms pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。4、There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 5、The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。6、The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。7、There are two boy

36、s of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 答案：划线部分为答案练习四、写出划线部分的句子成分 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill

37、. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 答案：1. 谓语 2. 表语 3. 表语 4. 状语 5. 定语 6. 原因状语从句 7. 宾语 8. 定语 9 表语 10. 表语练习五分析句子成分主、谓、宾、定、状、补、宾补 1. The pen writes smoothly. （主谓状） 2. His face is red. （主系表） 3. He bought you a dictionary. （主谓双宾） 4. He enjoys music. （主谓宾） 5. I told him that the bus was late. （主谓双宾）- 6. He showed me his CD. （主谓双宾） 7. We saw him out. （主谓宾宾补） 8. He is tall and strong. （主系表） 签字教务主管/科组长： 日期：.精品文档.教学过程