壳聚糖-铝氧化物复合材料对重金属离子的吸附动力学及热力学研究-张方.docx
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1、河北大学 硕士学位论文 壳聚糖 -铝氧化物复合材料对重金属离子的吸附动力学及热力学 研究 姓名:张方 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:物理化学 指导教师:马志广 20100601 摘要 摘要 随着现代工业的发展,含重金属废水的排放量越来越大,水质也更加复杂,所以对 重金属废水的处理,得到环保工作者更多的重视。在研究治理此类废水时,大家达成一 个共识:有效的处理方法应该具有高效、方便、不会产生二次污染的特点。去除工业废 水中重金属离子的方法主要有化学沉淀法、微电解一混凝沉淀法、吸附法等,其中尤以 吸附法较为引人注意。 壳聚糖是一种天然高分子化合物,高分子链段中含有 -NH2, -0H活性基团,与重金
2、属离子形成配位化合物,可制成高分子吸附剂吸附重金属离子,而且无毒,不产生二次 污染,并能为生物作用分解。但是,当壳聚糖在酸性环境中吸附金属离子时,会因分子 中的 -NH2被质子化形成 -NH3+而溶于水造成吸附剂的损失;其次,壳聚糖分子链间和分 子链内部氢键的存在而影响了吸附能力;再次,是壳聚糖的机械强度、热稳定性和化学 稳定性也都 有待进一步提高。为改善壳聚糖的性能,常通过交联、衍生化、与其它聚合 物或无机物共混等手段对其进行改性。然而这些方法或存在只能局部改进某一方面性 能,或存在混合不均匀,或存在操作要求严格且成本较高等缺陷,从而影响了它们在实 际中的应用。 A1203等无机化合物表面含
3、有丰富的羟基,也可作为吸附剂用于废水中重金属离子 的处理,但它们脆性大、在水溶液中容易失活、不易沉降、难以回收和再利用,因此其 应用受到了限制。 有机高分子化合物 /无机物复合材料兼具高分子化合物和无机物的优点。本文中我们 利用铝化合物具有路易斯酸的性质、壳聚糖上的羟基和氨基具有路易斯碱的性质,以异 丙醇铝为原料,采用化学键合方法在壳聚糖分子链单元引入金属氧化物,制备了壳聚糖 一铝氧化物复合材料,发现其对金属离子具有较好的吸附性能。研究了这种复合材料对 水溶液中 Ni2+、 C2+、 Zn2+的吸附性能,探讨了吸附时间、吸附温度、起始浓度、 ( H对 吸附性能的影响,确定了其吸附的最佳条件。本
4、文研究了壳聚糖 -铝氧化物复合材料对 Ni2+、 C2+、 Zn2+的吸附动力学和热力学,得到了相应离子的吸附动力学模型和热力学 模型,并得到了相应的 Ea和热力学参数。 关键词 壳聚糖复合材料吸附重金属离子动力学热力学 I Abstract With the development of modern industry, the emissions of waste water containing heavy metals is more and more bigger and is also more complex, which environmental protection wor
5、kers get more attention about the treatment of waste water containing heavy metals. In the study of treatment of this kind of waste water, we reached a consensus: characteristics of effective treatment should be highly efficient, convenient, without secondary pollution. The ways to removal of heavy
6、metal ions in industrial water which have chemical precipitation, electrolysis-coagulation, adsorption and so on, especially adsorption is more interesting. Chitosan is a crude macromolecular compound, the active functional groups(-NH2,-OH) in chitosans molecular formula can chelated heavy metal ion
7、s, so, chitosan can used as a macromolecular sorbent to remove heavy ions. Furthermore, chitosan is avirulent and it would not bring secondary contamination, moreover, chitosan can disassemble by biologic catabolism. However, chitosan dissolve into water causing the loss of adsorbent because of -NH2
8、 becoming into -NH3+ when chitosan adsorbed metal ions in the acidic environment; secondly, the presence of hydrogen bonds by chitosan molecular chain and molecular chain between the internals will affect the adsorption capacity8 again, mechanical strength, thermal stability and chemical stability o
9、f chitosan also need to be improved. To improve the performance of chitosan, the means of modification are often crosslinking, derivatization, blending with other polymers or inorganic. However, these methods are or only one aspect of the performance of local improvement, or the existence of mixed u
10、neven, or the existence of defects of strictoperation and costly price , which affect their practical application . Al2 3 and other inorganic compounds are rich in hydroxyl on their surface, which can also be used as adsorbent for heavy metal ions in wastewater treatment, but they are brittleness, e
11、asy inactivation in aqueous solution, not easy to settlement, difficult recovery and reuse, so their application is limited. Organic polymer / inorganic composite material has advantages of both polymers and inorganic substances. In this paper, we used aluminum compounds with nature of Lewis acid, t
12、he hydroxyl and amino of chitosan with the nature of Lewis base, used aluminum isopropoxide as the raw material, which the metal oxide were introduced in the chitosan molecular chain units using chemical bonding method and prepared chitosan-aluminum oxide composite materials. It was found that it wa
13、s good at adsorption of the metal ions. This paper studied the adsorption of Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+ in aqueous solution onto chitosan-aluminium oxide composite material and the influence of physical and chemical parameters such as pH value, reaction time and temperature and initial concentration on the ad
14、sorption process. It determined the optimal adsorption conditions. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption of Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+ onto chitosan-aluminium oxide composite material was studied and we got the kinetics and thermodynamics equation, Ea and the thermodynamics constant. Keywords chitosan
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- 聚糖 氧化物 复合材料 重金属 离子 吸附 动力学 热力学 研究
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