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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date工程造价外文文献Real estate development is support for the peoples daily lives-47 socialist market economic system development, make the real estate market has become the main economic activity

2、 members, in the face of the changing market毕业设计外文文献翻译院 系：土木工程与建筑系年级专业：08级工程管理姓 名：陈铃花学 号：0809012141附 件：On the whole process of construction project cost control指导老师评语： 指导教师签名：年 月 日On the whole process of construction project cost control【Abstract】: This article mainly introduced the engineering proj

3、ect cost control throughout the whole process of project implementation, including project decision-making, project design, project bidding, project construction and completion of the settlement this five stages.【Keywords】: Project, the construction cost, engineering, project, construction, project

4、costEngineering project cost control throughout the whole process of project implementation, including project decision-making, project design, project bidding, project construction and completion of the settlement this five stages. According to the statistics show that, in the project decision-maki

5、ng stage and design stage, and the influence of construction project cost is a 40% chance-75%; and in construction stage, influence the possibility of construction project cost is only 5%-25%. Obviously, control the cost of the key link is in the project implementation of decision-making and design

6、stage before. And from a stage program speaking, construction management can play a decisive role. To control the engineering cost is in the design phase, project decision stage, stage of construction, project bidding, completed the stage of the settlement construction engineering cost incurred amou

7、nt of control in the approval within the limit, and correct the deviation of at any time, ensure division breakdown their investment goal the realization, to get the best economic benefit and social benefit.1 whole process cost control each phase of the basic situationThe whole process of constructi

8、on project cost control can be divided into the following basically five stages:1.1 construction project cost control decision-making stage Project investment decision is choice and decided to invest action process, is aiming project on the necessity and feasibility of technical and economic the aut

9、hentication, correct decision-making is reasonable and the premise to control the engineering cost, including feasibility study, investment estimation, financial foundation estimates and evaluation data. Project investment decision stage cost control and management of the key is: 1) Completes the pr

10、oject decision-making before preparation. Comprehensive collecting have material, including equipment operation, equipment technical parameters, the construction market dynamic and other related content of the original records and information. To do the scientific research work and then find out nee

11、d emphasizes to solve the problems. 2) to do a project proposal and feasibility studies reports. Must according to the market demand and development prospects, reasonably determine the scale of the project and construction standards. Two applications should be strong conviction and feasibility. In t

12、he fight for early project at the same time, should be completed as soon as possible of the feasibility study. 3) science to develop the construction projects of benefit analysis of activities of investment estimate and work. The preparation of investment estimate to have the basis, to be as careful

13、 as possible and reasonable. From reality, full consideration to during the project that may arise during the process of all kinds of accidents and unfavorable factors, as well as their cost of the project may produce negative effects, want to consider the market situation and construction of the re

14、serve price during the floating coefficient, like this can make the investment basically accord with the actual and leave room, make the investment estimate really play the role of control the total investment in the project. 1.2 project cost control design stage The government in accordance with th

15、e examination and approval according to regulation, design institute of professional elaborate design, the strict control of cost engineers, the engineering construction cost control design stage trinity optimal combination. The construction project design is by plans to reality decisive significanc

16、e of the work phase, design work is one of the important principles to ensure that the design integrity, designed for this work include the design evaluation and comparison, the design scheme optimization design budgetary estimate, the compiling and examination, the list of quantities and control th

17、e compiling and price review. 1) Reasonable function orientation and reliable design quality, meet the national standards, meet the project function requirement, this is the quality of the design of the four basic requirements. The function of the construction project positioning, first must do with

18、 national conditions, reflect the national strength. At the same time, the engineering design must meet the construction procedure in each stage of depth requirements, avoid and prevent Sanchez (budget exceeds the estimation, the budget exceeds the budget estimates, the settlement) takes place. 2) O

19、ptimizing design scheme, effective control of the project cost. The design phase of the project cost control and management is not a simple design institute work content, the construction unit should also actively cooperate, have prior control and active management role. The construction unit in the

20、 review of the design unit design documents, first of all the attention to the optimization of design schemes of, should be based on all kinds of index and material to the total plane design, construction space and plane design for analysis. The two analysis of the cost of the project will not only,

21、 a major impact on construction and operation and the production, management have a great impact, but also for construction and operation of the production, management has significant correlation. In the choice of technology solutions, we should persist in China from the actual conditions of, in ord

22、er to improve the benefit of investment for the premise, actively and steadily introducing advanced and reasonable technical scheme and mature new technology, new technology. 3) Executes limitation for engineering design. To effectively control the construction cost, should be in the design process

23、of the quota design way. The so-called quota design in accordance with approved reliability is in the study, investment estimation forehead design and construction design, and to guarantee the use function, under the premise of according to the distribution of after thinning investment quota control

24、, professional design, to try to stop not reasonable to change, in order to ensure that the total investment is not a breakthrough. Decomposition of total investment and project is a total of quota design and effective ways and main method, it is the design stage of the examination will be investmen

25、t and decomposing the quantity of each professional, and then after thinning the decomposition to each unit engineering and the division of engineering, through the layers of decomposition to realize to the investment quota control and management, but also to achieve to design specifications, design

26、 standards, engineering quantity and project budget index, and other aspects of the management and control. Preliminary design must be in the feasibility study stage of investment estimate approval for the bottom line, and through the limitation of the way to control budget not more than the investm

27、ent estimate, the focus is on the quantities and equipment, material control. So the amount of quota design and shall be in the feasibility study stage of design project examination and equipment, material standard as the basis for a feasibility study stage cannot be determined preliminarily conclud

28、ed that for certain quantity. For the design, each professional design personnel should conscientiously strengthen project cost consciousness, and strictly according to the limit the decomposition of the design to control the project investment, to ensure that the design according to the limit in th

29、e decomposition of the investment to control the project, to secure the use function, under the premise of engineering cost and effort to control project in the limit of. To encourage and promote design personnel well design scheme selection, should introduce a competitive mechanism and implement bi

30、dding for the design, make the design units and design personnel increase market competition consciousness, try our best to make a design scheme more attain perfect. 1.3 project tendering and bidding and sign a contract stage Analysis of the specific conditions of the construction project, and accor

31、ding to the quantities bill valuation method, nine ministries to standard prepare the tender documents in the tender documents. Through the bid opening bid assessment, voted for a is able to satisfy the tender documents, the provisions of the comprehensive evaluation standard, 2 it is able to meet t

32、he requirements of the tender documents and substantial after the appraisal bids the lowest price, but the bid price below the cost of except the winning bidder. The winning bidder is determined; the bid-winning notice issued in accordance with law, and in accordance with the tender documents and th

33、e bid documents of the winning bidder concludes a contract in writing. 1) The tender documents to the list of quantities of programming. The list of quantities by the construction bidding, it is to point to by the bid invitation unit to provide a uniform bidding documents (including the quantities b

34、ill), bidding unit based on this, according to the tender documents to the list of quantities and the relevant requirements, the construction and the actual situation of the worked the construction organization design, according to the enterprise quota or refer to the competent administrative depart

35、ment of construction of the current consumption quota released and cost management agencies released to the market price of bid price quotation information, and the bid invitation unit selected according to the process of the winning bidder. 2) to the list of quantities of law base price. The list o

36、f quantities of floor price under standard shall be in strict accordance with the standard to prepare to the list of quantities of engineering quantity are and comprehensive project content, according to the market price. Detailed list of engineering quantity of engineering quantity and wrote out th

37、e comprehensive project content may not be altered, fluctuation, must be kept and the bidding unit pricing the unity of the caliber. If the list of quantities and prepare the tender of base price is not same unit, should pay attention to release the list of quantities of the bidding documents and es

38、tablishment of the strike to the list of quantities in the format and contents, description and so on various aspects keeps consistent, avoid from here and the result of failure or tender evaluation an injustice. 3) The construction contract choice. The contract type selection should consider the fa

39、ctors include: the project scale and time limit for a project length, project competition, and project single engineering projects are clear degree, the length of time, the project of the external environment factors. In the choice of the contract type, although the developer has the initiative, but

40、 the developer cant only consider their own interests, comprehensive consideration of the project shall be of various factors, consider the contractor bear ability, determined by the both parties of the contract type. 1.4 project project construction cost control Because of project construction cycl

41、e is long, the economic relations and laws involving the complex relationship by natural conditions and objective, the great influence, lead to the actual situation of the project and project tendering and bidding situation will be compared has some changes. Therefore, often in engineering change an

42、d the contract price adjustment, the engineering claims this stage include the value of the project construction settlement and use fund plan and application. 1) Try to control engineering change and the visa. In the project construction process, engineering change and the visa is inevitable, but wi

43、ll be powerful control. Due to the existence of loopholes for construction drawing and any defects and lead to change, except in the design drawings audit strictly when the party should be in the design, consultation, co-examination and technical consultation when carefully examine and check, in ord

44、er to find the early to eliminate hidden dangers. Change hidden trouble found earlier, may cause loss of the small. So, should as far as possible to the design change control in the design stage initial, especially for those who can seriously affect engineering, more to want to use down after the fi

45、rst, change measures solved properly. Even in the construction process, also should strictly according to the visa procedures and provisions, such ability make project cost control effectively. 2) Audit strictly engineering construction drawing budget. Supervisors should according to the progress of

46、 the construction drawing design plan and the construction of the actual schedule, timely construction drawing budget approved. Beyond the corresponding to budget and construction drawing budget. Beyond the corresponding to the budget estimates construction drawing design part, will be detailed anal

47、ysis, find out the cause, and promptly and project principal contact, depending on how to adjust or amend the truth agreed control goals. This is the cost of the project of dynamic control and management. 3) into the scene, collect and master information related to the construction, do contract mana

48、gement work in project construction process, the personnel and cost control personnel related to often deeply the construction site, contrast carefully check construction drawings, and to project contract as the basis, the construction site to grasp the dynamic, assist owners to review and appraisal

49、, because of the change of the design, the scene and visa and the additional costs is reasonable. 1.5 The final accounts of the completed project phase and after completion engineering warranty The final accounts of the completed project is based on real number and currency index for the units of meas