2020高考英语专题训练《阅读理解说明文》含答案解析.doc

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1、20202020年高考英语专题训练年高考英语专题训练：阅读理解说明文：阅读理解说明文 (一) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Maybe it has been the influence of the current scene: the hype (大肆宣传) among urban biking. Apparently, urban biking requires entirely different bikes than suburban biking does and therefore a B

2、ike Design Project started where five design studios across five cities had to come up with a perfect urban bike. The winning bike will be manufactured for a limited run of 100 bikes and will be in stores next year. Industry, a Portland-based studio, came up with a very interesting bike: one that us

3、es bluetooth and handlebars that tell you when to stop or turn. Industry worked together with Ti Cycles to create a bike with a 3D printed titanium frame. The bike is called Solid and can connect to a smart phone APP: My Bike. This APP alarms a user when a light needs replacement and if something ge

4、ts wrong with ones brakes. There is also software called Discover My City, which has a series of routes through Portlands most trendy neighborhoods, with suggestions about where to eat and shop. Nevertheless, the idea with cycling is that you need to focus on the road and not on your smart phone. Th

5、is bike therefore uses integrated feedback on handlebars. Those handlebars tell a user when to turn, as they will buzz (嗡嗡叫) when a turn appears. As you are getting closer, they will buzz more frequently. And then there is the possibility to control your light via built-in sensors and change gears (

6、齿轮) by pressing an electronic button. Although the bicycle looks highly interesting and can be seen as a piece of art for the designing world, we dont know if we would like our bike to have an automatic buzz when we are approaching a turn. On the other side, it could add some extra safety to traffic

7、 in general. Whether you like the bike or not, you have to admit the Portland-based studio brings the concept of urban biking to a whole new level. 1. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about _. A. the equipment that a hand-made bike requires B. the popularity of the winning bike in the urban area C. the intr

8、oduction of a newly bike in the future market D. the difference between urban biking and suburban biking 2. The 3D printed bike is special in the way _. A. it tells you where to go B. it connects the computers B. it limits the riding speed D. goes into forest and mountains 3. What is the authors att

9、itude to the newly bicycle? A. Favorable.B. Doubtful. C. Pessimistic. D. Objective. 4. The passage is likely to appear in _. A. A school textbook B. A TV advertisement C. An exhibition guide D. A newspaper report 助读词汇助读词汇 influence n. 影响 urban adj. 城市的 suburban adj. 郊区的 apparently adv. 明显地 manufactu

10、re vt. 生产 handlebar n. 车把 alarm vt. 警告 replacement n. 更换 route n. 路线 concept n. 概念 a limited run of 限量 in store 准备上市 titanium frame 钛框架 integrated feedback 综合反馈 via built-in sensor 通过内置感应器 (二) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Teens Arent Getting Enough Sleep And Schools A

11、re Partly to Blame Most kids are severely sleep deprived, and early school starting times arent helping. Across the country, only 17.7 percent of middle and high schools start classes after 8:30 a.m., contrary to 2014 recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Instead, the average scho

12、ol start time for middle and high schools around the country is 8:03 a.m., according to a new analysis from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The AAP recommends that schools start after 8:30 to help teenagers get 8.5 to 9.5 hours of sleep a night the amount the AAP says is ideal. Curre

13、ntly, less than a third of high school students sleep 8 hours a night, says the CDC analysis. The analysis uses 20112012 information from the Department of Education to gather the start times of about 39,700 schools. Alaska has the latest average school start time at 8:33 a.m., while Louisiana has t

14、he earliest at 7:40 a.m. Sleep-deprived teenagers are more likely to suffer from depression, use drugs, get low grades and be overweight. Even though schools often face obstacles when trying to delay school start times due to traffic and scheduling concerns, some have made progress recently. After D

15、eerfield Academy in Massachusetts delayed school start times in 2008 from 7:55 a.m. to 8:30 a.m., the private school saw a number of benefits. As the Huffington Post previously reported, the schools 2014 viewbook noted that students earned higher grades; ate more breakfasts, visited the health cente

16、r far less frequently; and performed better in athletics. Teachers reported that first-period discussion classes were uncharacteristically lively from the beginning bell. Half of parents whose teens attend schools that start before 8:30 would support a later start time, according to a 2014 survey fr

17、om the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Childrens Hospital. 1. According to the passage, teens arent getting enough sleep, _. A. schools are partly to blame B. parents come to realize the problem C. the authority should take actions D. more health centers are being built 2. The author explains the r

18、esult of sleep-deprived problem by _. A. making a comparison B. using examples C. presenting research findingsD. quoting diagrams 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The earlier schools start, the higher grades students can get. B. All schools should start after 8:30 across the world. C. Ni

19、ne hours of sleep a night is the most ideal choice. D. The lack of sleep may lead to various terrible problems. 4. Where does this passage probably come from? A. A research report. B. A health guide. C. A class presentation. D. An official document. 助读词汇助读词汇 severely adv. 严重地 deprived adj. 被剥夺的 anal

20、ysis n. 分析 ideal adj. 理想的 currently adv. 目前 depression n. 抑郁症 delay vt. 推迟 obstacle n. 障碍 previously adv. 先前；之前 athletics n. 田径运动 recommendation n. 推荐 contrary to 与相反 (三) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Imagine youve just arrived in a new place and dont know anybody yet.

21、 Someone smiles at you. You smile back. Your heart leaps because you realize this person could be a potential new friend. Your imagination runs wild, dreaming of all the fun times youll have together, chewing the fat over coffee, lunch and dinner. You become so excited that in the first few minutes

22、of talking you tell him/her everything what you had for breakfast, how nervous youre to be in this new place, and how you felt when your favorite goldfish died. But then you suddenly realize youve gone too far and that theres no going back. Youve committed the biggest social crime in the books you o

23、ver-shared. Researchers have found over-sharing your personal information too quickly is a kiss of death to new friendships. A recent article highlights that its possible to establish a close bond with someone in as little as 45 minutes but this is only possible when the connection is built graduall

24、y by each person sharing a little bit more of themselves in turn. This theory was tested in an agreement called “Fast Friends” created by Arthur Anon, a professor from New York. In it, two people were put in a room together with three sets of 12 questions. The questions must be taken in order, with

25、each person taking turns to answer them. Questions in the first set were mild and only slightly personal, like “Would you like to be famous?” But questions in the next set were more personal, like “Whats your most terrible memory?” The final set of questions was deeply personal, like “When did you l

26、ast cry in front of another person?” As Anon told, “If you disclose too much too fast, you put someone off.” Its important that a relationship is built on mutual benefit and for each person to be talking. A key sign youre over-sharing is when youre the only one talking. To be close to someone, its a

27、lso necessary that youre both willing to open up, but its important that each person gives the other space and time to do so. Giving away mutual information gradually is a good choice. 1. To establish a close relationship with someone, you should _. A. talk as much as possible B. share everything wi

28、th him/her C. be the only one talking D. give him/her space and time 2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means _. A. Drinking tea or coffee B. Talking happily and relaxedly C. Eating the fat meat D. Laughing happily 3. According to the passage, which of the following questions is dee

29、ply personal? A. What is the weather like in your hometown? B. What is your dream in the senior high school? C. What do you think of our national football team? D. Do you remember the situation you felt stupid before your friends? 4. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Take Turns to Shar

30、e Between New Friends B. Share Everything With Friends C. Be Talkative While Making New Friends D. Be Friendly to a Potential New Friend 助读词汇助读词汇 leap vi. 跳 potential adj. 可能的 commit vt. 犯下 highlight vt. 强调 bond n. 纽带；联系 establish vt. 建立 disclose vt. 揭露；透露 in turn 轮流；依次 go too far 走得太远；做得过火 open up

31、敞开心扉 put sb. off 让某人讨厌 mutual benefit 互惠互利 (四) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Good computer skills are desirable in todays digital age, and playing computer games can help children get those skills as long as they dont overdo it, scientists warn. The British study invol

32、ved 600 teenagers over a period of two years found that those who played computer games less than once a week achieved better grades at school than ones who played them twice a day or more often. The study also found that daily use of social media did not affect school performance. “It was clear tha

33、t social media didnt have any impact. I think thats more because social media is part and parcel of every childs life. Its the way they communicate. Its the way they keep in touch with their friends.” Parents increasingly complain of having difficulty getting their children away from computer games.

34、 Some even seek help for their teenagers who they say are addicted to them. The study did not look into addiction, but suggested computer games can cause children to stay up late in the evenings, making them tired and less able to focus at school the next day. A longtime owner of computer game outle

35、t in London, said there is also the difference between older games and the new ones. “The ability to make games a lot more bigger, a lot more detailed, a lot more complex is here now. Its going to hold their attention longer. Its going to hold it a lot longer, because theres always wanting to progre

36、ss through the story line heres a cliffhanger (悬念); Oh my god, I have to see what happens next etc. Whereas, again, the old games, they challenge more your hand-eye coordination, your speed, your timing, your reactions, rather than perhaps your imagination.” The games industry has long claimed there

37、 is no proven link between games and addiction. But the new study says additional research is needed to establish the effect of computer game-playing on performance at school. 1. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 infers that _. A. playing computer games is beneficial to every student B. it is defini

38、tely harmful for students to play computer games C. computer skills should be mastered in the digital age D. people shouldnt pay too much attention to computer games 2. According to this British study, _. A. students usually play computer games twice a day or more often B. the daily use of social me

39、dia affects students school performance C. social media helps students have contact with their friends D. computer games make students addicted to them 3. What the owner of computer game outlet said shows that _. A. the present computer games are more addictive B. the old computer games are more cha

40、llenging C. the old computer games help students develop imagination D. the present computer games make students have quick reaction 4. What is this passage mainly about? A. How should students make use of computer games. B. A study about how computer skills affect students. C. Why students are addi

41、cted to computer games. D. A study links computer games with weaker school performance. 助读词汇助读词汇 desirable adj. 值得要的 involve vt. 涉及到 impact n. 影响 increasingly adv. 越来越多地 outlet n. 批发店 complex adj. 复杂的 reaction n. 反应 coordination n. 协调 digital age 数字化时代 be addicted to 对上瘾 look into 调查 stay up late 熬夜

42、 story line 故事情节 be part and parcel of 不可缺少的一部分 (五) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The country of England is where the English language developed. This language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the language used most on the Internet and for internation

43、al trade. Buckingham Palace is the home of the royal family. It is in London, the capital city of England which is also called Britain, where a new queen or king is crowned (加冕). This special ceremony takes place at Westminster Abbey, a beautiful church. When Princess Diana married Prince Charles, t

44、hey had a wedding ceremony at another church called Saint Pauls Cathedral. Since London is the capital city, the Parliament Building is where government leaders do their business. On one end of this building is a clock tower. The large clock is called Big Ben. There are other famous towers in London

45、. One is called the Tower of London and it was used as a prison. Many famous people have been sent there, such as a wife of King Henry IV in the 16th century. Today it is a museum for tourists where you can visit to see instruments of torture. There is also a display of the Crown Jewels, a very valu

46、able collection of diamonds, rubies (红宝石) and other stones of great beauty. Many are placed in crowns worn by the kings or queens long ago. The Tower Bridge has four towers. This bridge is over the Thames River. This river goes through the middle of London and passes Windsor Castle, another home of

47、the royal family. It is a very safe place in time of war. Another famous place is the town called Stratford on Avon. Stratford is the city name and the river Avon flows through this city, so it means Stratford is on the Avon River. It is the home of William Shakespeare, the best writer of plays. He

48、wrote about 50 plays and they are still performed everywhere English is spoken. There are two famous universities in England. They are called Cambridge and Oxford. The school name is the same as the city name, so Cambridge University is in Cambridge, England. Oxford University is in Oxford. 1. In time of war, the royal family will live at _. A. Westminster Abbey B. Windsor Castle C. Buckingham Palace D. Saint Pauls Cathedral 2. Big Ben can be found in a tower at _. A. the Tower Bridge B. the Tower of London C. Oxford D. the Parliament Building 3. Shakespeare wrote many plays, a