常用英语基础知识.doc

《常用英语基础知识.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《常用英语基础知识.doc（34页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date常用英语基础知识常用英语基础知识一、一个星期七天SundayMonday Tuesday WednesdayThursday FridaySaturday二、一年十二个月January February March AprilMay JuneJulyAugust September OctoberNovemberDecember三、一年四季1. spring2. su

2、mmer3. autumn4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十四、亲属称呼1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈)五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制

3、3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1

4、. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie lied lied 说谎;lielay-lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken

5、) 发抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made)19. keep (kept, kept)七、意思相近的词1. check （核对）/examine(检查)/test（测试）2. receive（收到） /accept（接受）3. de

6、stroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage（破坏）4. celebrate(庆祝)/congratulate（祝贺）5. wear sth /dress sb穿衣八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. longlength 长度 2. widewidth 宽度 3. highheight 高度4. strongstrength力量九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerch

7、ief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeedsuccess成功 2. pronouncepronunciation 发音3. explainexplanation解释4. decidedecision 决定5. enterentrance进入6. permitpermission 允许7. considerconsideration 考虑 8. expectexpectation 期待9. d

8、iscoverdiscovery 发现10. buryburial 埋葬11. concludeconclusion 得出结论12. arrivearrival 到达13. weighweight 重量 14. describedescription 描述15. loseloss 损失16. anxious-anxiety焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful美丽的beautifully 2. possible可能的possibly3. practical实际的practically 4. particular特别的particularly5. successful成功

9、的successfully十三、其它必背单词1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) 3. accept 接受)4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)6. address地址7. admire钦佩8. admit承认（admitted)9. agreement 协议10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的)industry 工业（industrial工业的）11. alto

10、gether总共12. ancient 古代的13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知)14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)16. appear 出现（appearance 外貌 n.）disappear消失/不见17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian(亚洲的) 19. assistant 助手20. astonish吃惊

11、(astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的)21. astronaut 宇航员 22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth24. attentively 专心地 25. attention 专心pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 态度 27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average平均 / 平均的on average平均30. balance平衡 keep the balance of natu

12、re保持生态平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully )beautify美化32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs)33. beyond超过34. biology生物35. birthday生日36. bravery 勇敢brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地37.broad宽阔的 38. broadcast广播(broadcast ; broadcast;)39. care 关心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地40. ceiling天花板 41. cinema电影院42. celebrate庆祝 4

13、3. celebration 庆祝n.44. century 世纪 45. challenge 挑战46. character 性格47. charge收费 be charge of / take charge of 管理48. comfort v. & n. 安慰comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地50. comment 评论51. communicate （vt）communication (n) 交流52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文 54. con

14、cert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论 56. condition情况 (conditions条件)57. concern 关心(vt) 58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)59. constant 不断的 constantly 不断地60. construction(建设)61. continue继续62. contribution 贡献(contribute v.)make contributions to 对做出贡献63. convenient (adj.) 方便的conveniently方便地 64.

15、 conversation 谈话65. coughing咳嗽66. cousin表兄弟 67. cruel的 (adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)68. curious 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇) 69. culture（cultural文化的adj.）70. customer 顾客 72. custom习俗 73. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)74. declare宣称 75. delicious 美味76. damage损坏77. determined 有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事78. develop

16、发展 (development n.developing 发展中的，developed发达的)79. dialogue 对话 80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)81. difference 不同点 (复数differences)different不同的differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed失望的 (disappointing 让人失望的)83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现 (复数discoveries，动词discover，发

17、现者discoverer)85. disturb打扰86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)87. downstairs楼下upstairs楼上88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89. electricity电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主， employee雇员)91. empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) en

18、courage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy能量94. envelope 信封 95. envy n. 妒忌96. equal(平等的) equality平等97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential(重要的)100. European 欧洲人 101. event事件107. expert 专家102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition展览 105. expense 耗费expensive 昂贵的106. experience

19、 经验/经历 (experienced 有经验的)an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历have much experience经验丰富108. express (vt) 表达 expression(n) 138. impress 印象 impression (n.)109. failv.失败 failuren.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with112. favorite 最喜爱的 flexible 灵活的113. figure人物/数字 114. finger手指 115. fli

20、ght飞行116. forehead前额 117. foreign(外国的)118. fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地 unfortunately不幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具 123.far 远的 further进一步的124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般来说125. geography地理126. Germany德国127. government政府 128. gradual 逐渐的gradu

21、ally逐渐地129. graduation毕业 (graduate from毕业于 )130. grammar语法131. habit习惯form a habit of 养成习惯132. handkerchief 手绢) 133. honest诚实的honesty 诚实134. honor/honour 荣誉 135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (立即的) immediately马上(adv)139. incident小事件 140. including包括 (include v.)141independent 独立的 142. i

22、ndustry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)143. information 信息 144. instrument 仪器145. institute学院146. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)147. interest 兴趣 interesting有兴趣的 be interested in对感兴趣148. interrupt 打断150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.)151. regular规则的irregular 不规则的 152. journey旅程153. ju

23、dge判断 (judgment) judging from 根据来判断154. kindergarten幼儿园 155. knowledge 知识 156. labor/labour劳动157. late 迟的late1y最近 158. laugh笑 laughter笑声159. law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的160. library 图书馆librarian图书馆理员161. lose掉失,（lost ，lost） loss损失 n.162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志 164. majority (大多

24、数)166. manage 设法 (manager经理, management管理)manage to do 设法做到.167. market(市场)supermarket超市168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的)get married to 与某人结婚169. material(s)材料) 171. mayor市长172. mean (意味、打算)meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的173. measure测量take measures 采取措施174. medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型 metal 金属)175. mem

25、ory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得)176. message 口信 178. modern现代的179. modest谦虚的180. monitor 班长181. moustache 胡子182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. music 音乐 musical音乐的musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)185. nationality国籍(nation 国家，national国家的)186. nature 自然natural自然的) 187. naughty 淘气的 188.) norm

26、al 正常的190. necessary 必要it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事191. obey (遵守)break 违反192. obvious 明显的obviously 明显地193. offer主动提供)offer to do sth主动做某事194. operate动手术operation手术195. opportunity 机会（=chance）196. ordinary 普通的197. organize/organise(组织)organization组织198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客2

27、00. problem难题 question问题201. patience耐心patient耐心的；病人(patiently耐心地)203. perfect 完美（的） (perfectly)Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧204. perform (表演)205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permit 许可 vt permission许可 n208. persuaded(说服) 209. phenomenon 现象phenomena 现象（复数）210. physicist 物理学家211. pilot (飞行员)212. poison

28、ous 有毒的 (poison) 213. political 政治的 (politics)214. popular受欢迎的215. population人口216. position 职位217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的) 218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的 ) 220. practice实践practical (可实施的，实际的)221. prepare（准备)preparation222. press 压/按pressure(压力)223. pretend假装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. profe

29、ssor 教授 225. profit 利润226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大227. pronounce发音pronunciation (n.发音)228. provide 提供 (比较： supply/ provide sb with sthoffer sb sth提供某人某物,229. public 公众230. purpose目的on purpose故意地231. quality质量/素质232. quantity（数量233. realize (实现vt)realityn.现实234. receive 收到235. recently(最近=

30、lately)236. recycle( 循环再用) 237. recognize 认出238. regards 问候 give my regards to sb请带我向某人问候239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物240. repeat vt.重复(repetitionn.重复) 241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)246. Saturday(星期六) 247. scientific 科学的248. scientific科学的

31、 249. secretary秘书250. secretly (秘密地)251. separately单独地252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt)253. serious 严重的 (seriously) 254. serve (v) service (n)服务255. shortcoming缺点256. silence 安静 (silent安静的-silently安静地)257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv)Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事（=be

32、successful to do sth）258. similar 类似的 (similarity ies相似之处) 259. situation形势/情况260. slightly(稍微) 261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)262. southern(南方的)northern北方的 western 西方的eastern 东方的263. special特别的 264. species 物种 (单复数同形)265. spring春天266. square 平方267. steal stole -stolen(偷)268. straight(直的)269. suit

33、合适suitable合适的270. support支持/支撑 support the family养家糊口271. surprise吃惊 to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是be surprised at 对.感到吃惊272. surround 包围surrounding周围的surroundings环境273. swimming(游泳n.)276. temperature温度 284. umbrella(雨伞)274. technique 技术 (technical adj. 技术的) 275. technology技术277. theory 理论in theory理论上278.

34、thirst 渴n thirsty口渴的adj279. thorough 彻底的 280. total合计 281. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车282. translate翻译translation 翻译translator翻译家283. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)286. usual平常的 unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地287. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) be willing to do 愿意做290. vacation假期(=holiday )291. various各种各样的 (varietyn. 种类)292. victim受害者 293. victory胜利 294. vocabulary词汇295. voyage航行296. waste (浪费) Its a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费297. wealth财富 298. weather天气 whether是否299. whisper 低语 300. worship崇拜-