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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流高中英语高频词汇拓展延伸.精品文档.Aabandon v. 抛弃,舍弃,放弃同义词:desert v. 抛弃(着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为);擅离职守;开小差n.沙漠;荒地(易混淆词:dessert n. 餐后甜食;甜点)give up:侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃拓展:abandon the baby/friend/ the plan/ idea/ effort/ hope abandon oneself to 陷入,沉湎于 例句: He abandoned himself to despair. (in desp
2、air)ability n. 能力;才能 able a. 能够;有能力的拓展:the ability to walk 行走的能力 be able to do sth.前缀:disable/disability the disabled/rich (the+adj.代表一类人)同义词:capability, genius, talent, competence, gift;able, capable, competentabnormal a. 反常的,变态的反义词:normal, informal, extraordinary, uncommonordinary people, extraord
3、inarylife(在英语写作中可以用到)turn plain life into extraordinarylife近义词:formal(正式的);ordinary(普通的ordinary people);common(常见的,共有的) have sth. in common;common sense常识commonwealth共和国;英联邦;团体;协会aboard prep. 上(船,飞机,火车,汽车等)去掉一个字母:board (board meeting董事会 boarding school寄宿学校)onboard上车,在车上或在飞机上 accommodation n.住宿,膳宿abo
4、lish v. 废除,废止形近:polish vt.& vi.(使)光滑,擦亮;变得完美,润色 apple of polisher马屁精 apple-polish v. 逢迎;讨好, 拍马屁abortion v. 人工流产,堕胎联想:(get)pregnant adj.怀孕的 deliver a baby接生婴儿about ad. 大约;到处;四处 prep. 关于;在各处;四处 拓展:be about to do (when) =begoingtodo How/What about询问情况或建议absence n. 不在,缺席 拓展:absent-minded adj. 健忘的,心不在焉的
5、adv. 健忘地,心不在焉地 be absent from work/ school present adj. 出席的 presence n. 出席absorb v. 吸收,使全神贯注拓展:be absorbed in 专注于,聚精会神于(同义词组:focus on, pay attention to)abuse v.(酗酒)滥用,虐待,恶语 助记:ab+use (ab是一个表示“不”的否定前缀) abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒 /嗜毒拓展: abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权accept v. 接受 acceptance n
6、. 接受拓展:acceptable adj. 可接受的;(社会上)认同的 unacceptable adj. 不能接受的access(to) n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件)accessible a. 可到达的,可接受的,易相处的,平易近人的易混淆词汇:assess评定;估价accompany v. 陪同,陪伴,与同时发生拓展:accompany sb. to the supermarket company n. 作伴,伴侣accomplish v. 完成 (同义词:complete) accomplishment n. 成就,成绩拓展:accomplish the task/
7、purpose/ goal (在英语写作中可以用到)achieve vt. 达到,取得 (同义词:gain) achievement n 成就拓展:achieve success/victory/ones goal (在英语写作中可以用到) a sense of achievement成就感 a sense of satisfaction 满足感 a sense of belonging归属感 a sense of responsibility 责任感accustomed(to) a. 习惯于,惯常的 拓展:be/ get/ become accustomed to doingbe used
8、to doing 习惯于 used to do过去常常account n. 账目;描述 (助记:ac+count )拓展:open an account开户;account of解释;on account of因为account for=take up/occupy 占倒装标志词:onnoaccount绝对不,无论如何不要(never, never,little,no ,hardly,seldom,not,by no means,in no case,in no time(立刻、马上),not until,no longer,no soonerthan,hardlyscarcelywhen,s
9、o,neither,only置于句首时,部分倒装)acquire v. 获得,得到(知识) acquisition n. 获得,得到近义词:require, request 形似词:in/enquire require:常用被动语态,表示需要,要求,命令require doing sth., require sth. of sb. 或 require sb. to do sth.request:(语气委婉)表示请求,恳求,邀请in/enquire与of, about连用表示询问;与into连用表示调查.action n. 行动 拓展:act as 充当;扮演;起作用 take action t
10、o do sth. put sth. into action/practice 把付诸实施助记: play戏剧,line台词, plot情节 play a role/part in=make a difference in 起作用active a. 积极的,主动的(passive被动的) activity n. 活动拓展:经常用副词actively take part in activities积极地参加各种活动 active /extinct volcano 活/死火山在写作中三多可以让句子生动从而提高分数:多用副词修饰动词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词acknowledge v. 承认
11、熟词生义:acknowledge sb. 向某人打招呼(完型常考点)across prep. 横过,穿过 cross v.拓展:come/run across碰到=run into get across(使)被理解;(使)被接受accuse v. 指控,指责 拓展:accuse sb. of (doing ) sth. 控告 be accused of be charged withadapt(to) v. 使适应(adjust to),适合,改编 adaptation n. 适应,改编本拓展:adapt oneself to the new surroundings 调整自己适应新环境换一个
12、字母: adopt v. 收养,领养,采纳adopt a child the adopted son/ daughter adopt a new policy/ a suggestion/ a plan/ an attitude adept adj. 擅长的 n. 专家,能手 be adept in at=be good ataddress n. 地址 vt. 写地址;向讲话(尤指演讲),解决(完型常考点)拓展:address the letter to sb. 给某人寄信 The president addressed the public.admission n. 准入, 接纳 admit
13、 vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学(录取),入会) 拓展: admit ones mistakesadmit doing/having done 例句:He admitted having stolen the money.sb be admitted to被录取 He has been admitted to Beijing University.admission fee 入会费; 门票; 学费advance v. 推进,促进(promote);前进 advanced adj. 先进的/ 高级的拓展: in advance(ahead of time) 预先,事先 an advanced w
14、orkeradvantage n. 优点(merit,strength,strong point,virtue)好处 反义词:disadvantage (shortcoming;defect;weak point;weakness)拓展: take advantage of 利用 have an advantage over 优于 weigh advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊advocate v. 拥护,支持(support, back),提倡affair n. 事,事情(私事;风流韵事)同义词:mission(军事)任务; task课业,一般事务; even
15、t(体育,大事)事件affect vt. 影响 affection n. 喜爱,钟爱同义词:effect,influence have an effect/influence/impact on 对有影响afford vt. 负担得起(的费用);抽得出(时间);提供 拓展:can(not)/could(not)/be able to afford sth./to do sth. affordable housing 保障房,经济适用房against prep. 对着,反对(for 赞成) ,衬着拓展:stand against the wall 靠墙站着 ;be against sth. 反对
16、例句:They are strongly against the plan.The pine tree were black against the morning sky.age n. 年龄;时代 (agingsociety老龄化社会)(有相关阅读)air n. 空气;大气 拓展:the USAirForce 美国空军 festiveair 节日氛围 Were poor and we never put onairs. 我们贫穷但从不装腔作势。in the air 悬而未决 on the air 在播放 off the air 停止播放alone adj/adv. 单独的 孤独的拓展: Sh
17、e is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。The shoes alone cost $200. “只有,仅仅” let /leave sb. /sth. alone 别打扰 let alone 更不用说 lonely adj.“孤单的,无伴侣的,无人烟的,荒凉的,偏僻的”拓展: a lonely man / island. feel lonely孤寂的,寂寞的 He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.alternative a.可供替代,非传统的(alter+native) 拓展:alter v. 改变 alternate adj. 轮流
18、的;交替的 v.交替;轮流ambiguous a. 模棱两可的(这个词经常出现在阅读题中问作者的态度是什么)阅读题中问作者的态度的高频词汇:positive肯定的 negative否定的; optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的; neutral/impartial中立的;compromise妥协的;cautious谨慎的; indifferent/unconcerned不关心的,冷漠的; objective客观的subjective主观的; favorable/approval赞成的的 disapproval不赞成的;supportive支持的; critical批评的;su
19、spicious/doubtful怀疑的;tolerant容忍的;ambitious雄心的,野心的;impractical/unrealistic不切实际的,空想的;practical/realistic现实的amuse vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐 amusement n. 娱乐 拓展:amuse sb. 使高兴 be amused by/at/ with 被逗乐 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 to ones amusement让某人发笑angle n. 角度;比喻(考虑、问题的)角度;观点同义词:point of view,viewpoint,standpoint, perspect
20、ive stand in others shoes(站在别人的角度换位思考) (在英语写作中可以用到)another(后+单数可数名词) a. 再一;另一;别的;不同的 pron. 另一个 单选考点:one is the other is;someotheranswer n. 回答,答复;回信;答案 v. 回答,答复;回信;(作出)答案 拓展: the answer to the question answer a question/the door/the phone answer for 对 负责 anxiety n. 担忧,焦虑 anxious a. 忧虑的,焦急的 拓展: be anx
21、ious about sth. for sb. be anxious to do sth. 渴望的,急切的appeal v. 上诉,申诉,吸引力,恳求例句:The design has appealed to people of all ages. 吸引 I appeal to you to protect the environment. 恳求appear vi. 出现;(系动词: 似乎,好像 ) (反义词:disappear)appearance n. 出现,露面;容貌 例句:It appears that all the files have been deleted. 档案好像都已经被
22、删除了。judge sbs by appearances/looking 以貌取人(judge a book by its cover)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请 apply v. 申请 拓展: apply for 申请;请求 apply sth to 运用,应用 apply oneself to 致力于,集中精力做某事appoint v. 任命,委任,安排,确定(时间地点) appointment n. 约会 反义词:disappoint v. 失望 to ones disappointment 令人失望的是approve v. 赞成,同意,批准,通
23、过 approval n.助记:ap+prove证明 反义词:disapprove拓展:approve of 赞成,同意 approve the plan/ proposal 通过计划/ 提议 arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来,升起;出现 A new crisis has arisen. 新危机出现。形近词:rise (rose,risen),raise(raised,raised),arouse(aroused,aroused)rise: The sun s in the east. 升起 He s at 6:00 every day. 起床give sb. a ri
24、se 给某人涨工资 on the 在增长give rise to造成; 引起, 导致raise: raise ones hand/ voice举起手,抬高声音 raise sbs awareness 唤起某人的意识 raise a dog raise money 筹集钱 arouse:arouse suspicion引起怀疑 arouse the appetite激起食欲arm n. 手臂,支架 武器(复) vt. 以装备,武装起来 armwith拓展: arm in arm 手挽手 take up arms 拿起武器(weapon)Armed with the new equipment,
25、the explorers entered the cave.be armed to the teeth 全副武装around adv. 大约;旋转;到处,四处;在周围 prep. 围绕;在附近拓展:around the corner 在拐角处,即将到来 around the clock 昼夜不停地 as ad.& conj. 像一样;如同;因为 prep. 作为,当做拓展:as+adj./adv.原级+as 和一样 主将as soon as/if 从现 一就 as soon/much as possible表示虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序:adj./adv./n.+as +主语
26、+谓语+主句Young as he is, he knows much. Tired they were, they worked hard.attend v. 看护,照料,服侍;出席,参加 attention n. 注意,关心 attentively ad. 注意地 拓展:attend a meeting I have a few other things to attend to. 处理attend to sb. 看护 attend to a baby pay ( much/no/little) attention to hold/draw ones attention tofix one
27、s attention/mind/eyes on attract ones attentionattitude n. 态度; 看法拓展:Attitude is everything. (在英语写作中可以用到) positive/negative attitude 积极/消极的态度 optimistic/pessimisticattitude乐观/悲观的态度Optimisticattitudetowards life - No One Can Be Perfect(在英语写作中可以用到)换一字母:altitude海拔;高处;高地;高度award n. 奖品,奖励 拓展:award 侧重于奖励 r
28、eward 侧重于报酬,报答(某人、某事)away ad. 离开;远离 拓展:right away =at once=in no time=immediate立刻,马上 give away =let out泄露,赠送analyze v. 分析 analysis n. 分析,分析结果拓展:analysisparalysis分析瘫痪; 优柔寡断(有相关阅读)Bbachelor n. 未婚男子,单身汉拓展:bachelor of science 理学学士 bachelor of art 文学学士back ad. 回(原处);向后 a. 后面的; n. 后部;背v. 支持拓展: back to bac
29、k 背靠背 face to face面对面 hand in hand手拉手side by side 肩并肩 heart to heart心连心look back 回顾,追溯到date/track back to turn ones back on 避开,不理睬badly ad. 坏,恶劣地;非常,在很大程度上例句:Why do you want to go so badly? 为什么你这么想走?(完型常考点)balance n. 平衡 balanced adj. 均衡的拓展:lose ones balance 失去平衡 be on a balanced diet均衡饮食ban n. 禁令 v.
30、 禁止;取缔 拓展:a ban on smoking 禁烟令 ban/forbid sb. from sth./ doing 禁止某人做barrier n. 屏障,障碍(obstacle),关卡base n. 根据地,基地(棒球)垒 basic a. 基本的 basis n. 原因,缘由,要素拓展: base sth. on/upon sth. 以为基础 be based onHis book is based on a true story. 这本书根据真实故事改编。basic knowledge/skills 基础知识/技能bear v. 承受,负担,承担;忍受(stand,put up
31、with);容忍 n. 熊 拓展: The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 承受 (重量) bear the burden/responsibility 负担, 承担 bear/keepin mind 记住 bear fruit 生(孩子);结(果实)begin (began,begun) v. 开始,着手同义词组:set out to do sth. set about doing sth. get down to doing sth.beginning n. 开始,开端 at the beginning ofbeat (beat, beaten)
32、v. 敲打;跳动;打赢 n.(音乐连续有节奏的敲击)节拍拓展:My heart is beating faster than usual. He beat me in the game. 击败beat &defeat &strike & hitdefeat在战场上打败敌人;beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词behind prep. (表示位置)在后面 ad. 在后面;向后 拓展:drop/ fall behind 落后 leave sb./sth. behind 遗落、忘带belief n. 信条,信念;信仰 (可数: beliefs)拓展: religious/ political belief
33、s beyond belief/imagination/description 难以置信/想象/形容believe v. 相信,认为 believe it or not (插入语)信不信由你beneficial a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的 benefit n. / v. 优势,益处,使受益拓展:benefit from/ by. benefit a lot 受益匪浅best(good, well 的最高级)a. & ad. 最好的;最好地,最 n. 最好的(人或物)拓展:do/ try ones best to do 尽全力做 make the best (use)of尽量利用best-s
34、eller n. 畅销书 better (good, well 的 比较级) a.& ad. 更好的(地);更,更多 拓展:had better do最好做 否定:had better not dobetween prep. 在(两者)之间;在中间 拓展:read between/beyond the lines体会言外之意beyond prep. (表示位置) 在的那边 拓展: beyond ones imagination/description 难以想象/描述 beyond ones power 超出能力范围 beyond my wildest dreams 做梦也没想到busy a.
35、忙(碌)的 busily adv. 拓展:be busy with sth. be busy (in) doing 忙于做blame n.& v. 责备;责怪 scold v. 责骂拓展:be to blame 应该受到责备(主动表被动) blame sb. for doingsb. be blamed for blank n.& a 空格,空白(处);空的;茫然无表情的 a blank expression 拓展:blank out (脑子)一片空白 black out 停电blind a. 瞎的 deaf a. 聋的 拓展:be blind to =turn a blind eye to对
36、视而不见、熟视无睹 turn a deaf ear to 置若罔闻,装没听到 blindly copy 盲目地模仿board n. 木板;布告牌;委员会;(政府的)部 v. 上(船、火车、飞机) 拓展:on board 在船(车、飞机) board a train 上火车boom n. / v. 繁荣=prosperity (反义词:depression衰退/衰落),轰鸣,激增 拓展:baby boom 生育高峰/婴儿潮(有相关阅读)both a. 两;双 pron. 两者;双方 拓展:bothand两者都 neithernor两者都不 eitheror两者之一bottle n. 瓶子拓展:b
37、ottleneck n. 瓶颈;瓶颈路段(常引起交通堵塞);(尤指工商业发展的)瓶颈,阻碍breath n. 气息;呼吸 breathe vi. 呼吸 breathless a. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的拓展:hold ones breath屏住呼吸 take a deep breath 深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气来bring (brought, brought) vt. 拿来,带来,取来 拓展:bring up 抚养,培育 bring about造成,引起导致(某事) bring out显现brother n. 兄;弟 brotherhood n. 兄弟般的关系 去掉一个字
38、母:bother to do /doing 花费时间精力做某事;给.造成麻烦,痛苦burn (-ed, -ed 或 burnt, burnt) v. 燃,烧;使烧焦;使晒黑 n. 烧伤;晒伤 拓展:burn down 烧毁 get burnt 被晒伤 burn to the ground= completely destroyed 夷为平地burst v. 突然发生; 突然发作 拓展:burst out laughing/ crying = burst into laughter/ tears 突然大笑起来/痛哭起来but conj. 但是,可是 prep. 除了, 除外 拓展: notbut
39、 不是而是 we have no choice but to wait. 除了等待别无选择。 We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待什么也不能做。but for 要不是、若没有(引导含虚拟语气的句子)But for your help, I would have failed.Ccan (could) cant = can not modal v. 可能;能;不能 n. (美)罐头拓展: less-than-canned 不刻板的(有相关阅读)cant help doing = cant help but do 禁不住 can nottoo = can neverto
40、o 越越好/再也不为过例句:You can never be too careful when crossing the street. 过马路时再小心也不为过。care n. 照料,保护;小心 v. 介意,在乎;关心 拓展:take care of=look after 照顾/保管 take care (that)当心(look out) I dont care. 我不在乎/我不放在心上。care for 喜欢;照顾 care about 关心;在乎carefree(childhood) adj. 无忧无虑的careful a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的 careless a. 粗心的,漫不经心的
41、 拓展:be careful of 当心,小心 listen(to) carefullycarry vt. 拿,搬,带,提,抬,背,抱,运等 拓展:carry on 继续,进行 carry out 实施,执行case n. 情况;病例;案件;真相 n. 箱;盒;容器 拓展:in case +句子/in case of +n. 以免,万一 in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话 in no case 绝不 as is often the case 事实往往如此catch(caught, caught)v. 捉住;赶上;染上(疾病) catchy adj. 易记的;易使人上当的;迷
42、人的拓展:catch up with 赶上 catch sight of 看见 catch sb. doing 撞见/捉住某人做某事 catch ones eye= attract ones attention 引起某人注意;引人注目cater v. 提供饮食,承办酒席;满足需求拓展:cater for sth./sb. The class caters for all ability ranges. cater to sth./ sb. It catered to all tastes.cause n. 原因,起因 vt. 促使,引起,使发生 拓展:cause and effect 因果 c
43、ause of education 教育事业caution vt./n. 谨慎,小心,警告 cautious a. 小心的,谨慎的拓展:be cautious of/ about. with caution 小心地 caution sb. (not)to do caution sb. against. 警告某人警惕central a. 中心,中央;主要的,中心的 centre (美 center ) n. 中心,中央 拓展:play a central role in 在起着主导作用central bank/government 中央银行/政府central thought/idea 中心思想 CCTV:China Central Televisionceremony n. 典礼,仪式,礼节拓展:attend a wedding ceremonystand on ceremony 拘于礼节 without ceremony 粗鲁无礼,不拘礼节challenge n.挑战(性) challenging a.具有挑战性的(a challenging job)拓展:face/ meet a challenge 面对/迎接挑战cheat n. & v. 骗取,哄骗;作弊 拓展:ch
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