高考英语语法考点提纲.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流高考英语语法考点提纲.精品文档.高考英语语法考点提纲闵行三中 李峰1 冠词; 数词1） 泛指与特指 (fig.1)三步推理（如图）2） 序数词和比较级加冠词never a better onea third one=another=the nextthe better one of the twoa most important matter3） 词组辨异at tableat the tableout of questionout of the questiongo to the cinemago to a cinemaa second; a

2、 mostthe balance of nature; space; the universe;the telephone (invention) the Chinese language4） 专有名词: The Smiths; at Harolds; buy a China Daily; a chemist and mathematician; in the 1980s; in his fifties; The United States(America); the Spring Festival; (an art festival)5） a + 不可数名词a good knowledge

3、of English; a science 2 名词；代词；主谓一致1） 不定代词(复合代词)：指代的单复数: everyone; each; every one; much; most; none; neither; half; 后置修饰语: that定语从句; 形容词后置； 介词短语； 非谓语形式 可否接of短语: everyone-every one; noneno one; 几组辨异词：1） other; the other; another; others; the others2） none; neither; no one; nothing3） every; everyone;

4、every one; each; anyone4） any; some; something; anything5） few; a few; little; a little 2） 反身代词：词组； enjoy; devote; accustom; make (done)oneself 反身动词(seat; dress; station; locate; hide; devote; adapt; prepare; etc)； 自己的怎么说：ones own; a of ones own;3） 集合名词： group; population; audience; team; family; ma

5、jority; vocabulary; etc. the cattle; the people; the police; clothes; (pl.)4） 可数名词与不可数名词: two pieces of paper; a pair of trousers(they; this pair); etc. two dollars; ten miles; 5） 就近/远原则: neither nor; -as well as; together with6） else：something else; anyone else; who else; who elses3 形容词；副词1） 比较句型 a

6、sas, not soas, morethan,less often than, the more the less;more and more思考：You cant learn a foreign language overnight_ you can eat a meal in one mouthful. A. no more than B. any more than C. just as D. as if (解法：not=not; notyes) The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you will find English. A. l

7、earning B. to learn C. it to learn D. when you learn 2） 倍数表达twice as many (cars) astwice more thantwice the production ofdoubled the score of his opponent.Many things now cost double what they did a few years ago3） 比较级表最高more than any other country; more than the other countries, more than any of th

8、e other countries; No one can be more strict than he.I have never seen a more magnificent scene than this. The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you will find it to learn English.4） 比较词组 asas possible, as as one can, asas anything, as well as, andas well, so long as, so far as, as soon as, so f

9、ar, so as to, as for, as a rule, as a result, as a matter of fact, as a whole, as to; more than, no more than, no less than, nothing less than, other than, no other than, rather than, no sooner than, no more, not any more, no longer, not any longer;4 动词；时态和语态1） 系动词：get; seem; appear; turn; fall; bec

10、ome; remain; stay; prove; turn out; etc.2） 情态动词用法: should; shall; may; can; dare; need; 3） have to; used to; etc. (否定；结构辨析)4） 各种时态的基本用法(时间状语；语境语气；句型；)5） 句型中的特定时态1 It is several years since I saw her last time.It was several years since I had saw him.2 This is the first time I have been here.That was

11、 the second time I had been there.3 Jimmy had hardly go to the station when the bus left.4 It is high time that you did your homework.5 The manager will see you if he is free tomorrow.6 The man seems as if he had been there many timesI would have seen the film if I had had time yesterday.（虚拟语气）7 He

12、didnt see the result until he left.It was not until then that he knew he had been cheated.8 It is necessary that we should learn hard so as to pass the examination.9 I didnt think you were coming today.10 It will be long before we take over the city. It was several years before construction of the b

13、uilding was started. 11 Go straight and you will see a post across the street.12 In the past few years we have built seven highways.By the end of last year he had learned two thousand words.So far I have known he is a false friend.By the time you got there he will have left.6） 主动语态表被动: prove; blame;

14、 sell; turn out; require; result from; 5 非谓语动词(参考资料) 非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told . B. ToldC.

15、He was told D. Though he had been told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned分析：句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子成分，故选C。句2. 句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是

16、句子的一个成分，故选A，非谓语动词作状语。句3. 同句2，选A 。句4. 前面用if 引导从句，故选C ，构成从句谓语。句5. 同句1，选C。二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being2. _Sunday I shall have a

17、 quiet day at home .分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。句2. 同理选D。三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。分析：句1. “地

18、球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2. 我们“主动看”即表主动，故选B。3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是“the dirty clothes”，和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”，故选B。句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语“the gi

19、rl”，表示“女孩洗衣服”，为主动关系，故选D。四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年

20、被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。又如：1. He stood there_for his mother .2. _for two hours , he went away . A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited句1表示“站在那等”，两个动词同时发生，故选A作伴随状语。句2表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词“went away ”之前，故用完成式，选D 。需要注意的是，非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词的

21、否定都应将not 放在前面。如：What is the reason for _there ? A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go6 何种情况下出现动名词/不定式? (介词； 动词；such as; 做主语，etc.)1) 只接 “动名词”做宾语的词：建议suggest冒险risk去献身devote，忍受bear/stand期待look forward to不停顿keep。放弃give up延期put off/delay悔regret失去miss，坚持insist on/stick to/kee

22、p on欣赏enjoy/appreciate/feel like实践practise成finish。注意pay attention to原谅excuse避avoid反对object to，考虑consider要求demand/require/need不自禁cant help。顾及allow for习惯be accustomed to/be used to不介意mind，值得be worth开始set about想imagine动名。Admit, allow2) 只接“不定式”的动词：seem, expect, hope, wish, want, decide, offer, manage, d

23、are, agree, promise, pretend, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend; “不定式加连词”show, teach, tell, advise, decide, discuss, find out, etc.Please show me how to get the result.We have not decided whether to go to his party.3）两者皆可忘记停止打算试，害怕继续悔偏爱，意欲愿意有困难。（此处单词为听写内容， -注）Remember, , forget, regret; stop; go on;

24、 be afraid; prefer; mean; try; help(cant help); feel like doing/ would like to do; have difficulty in doing/to do;4） require, demand, want, need, be worth主动形式被动意义）1. They _ her going to the party though it was not permitted. A. allowed B. expected C. persuaded D. permitted2. The window need _. A. To

25、 mend B. mended C. being mended D. mending3. This machine is worth _. A. to buy B. buying C. to be bought D. being bought7 名词从句思考He showed his companions _well-chosen presents he had bought for his GF. A. such B. so C. what D. how 2-that/whether（if） 不做成分3-who(ever)主、表；whomever宾=people/anyone/everyon

26、e (who) whose(ever) which(ever) what(ever) 主、宾、表、定4-when(ever) where(ever) how(ever) why 状-the time/place/reason (when/where/why)1 选择连词（结构辨析）(1)_ of them do you think will teach us Class three? A. who B. whom C. which D. what(2) He sold the house _ he thought was a good price. A. what B. at what C.

27、at which D. at that(3)The students are all interested in _ Miss Brown managed to do it. A. which B. what C. seeing D. how2 辨别从句(定语/同位语/强调)(4) We know the truth_ there is water, there is life. A. that wherever B. that C. where D. anywhere(5)He regrets not having followed her proposal, _he _ for grant

28、ed, that he _ with me some warm clothes. A. that; takes; take B. which; take; take C. which; has taken; takes D. which; has taken; take (6)It was in 1920 _ the poet paid his first trip to America for a new challenge in his writing career _ he got to know Charlie Chaplin . A. that; when B. when; that

29、 C. in that year; that D. in which; when3 无论；任何(7) It remains unknown _ she killed herself with a gun. A. however B. how ever C. why D. whenever(8) _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter(9) Our monitor never fails to help _ has troub

30、le. A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who D. those who4 是否；如果(同位语；介词之后；or not; to do; 歧义； 句首；表语从句)(10) Does it make any difference _ or not you sign up for the contest? A. that B. if C. whether D. how5 谁；任何人who; whoever; one who; those who; (11) We shouldnt make fun of_ have trouble in learning En

31、glish. A. anyone who B. whomever C. those that D. who(12) I still wonder _ could get into the building through such a small hole in the wall. A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. that who6 陈述语序13）_ do you suppose _? A. what/that the woman is B. Who/ the woman is C. Whom/the woman is D. what/is the woman

32、(14) Weve have to finish the job, _. A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes7 介词宾语(15) They always give the free tickets to _ comes first. A. whomever B. whoever C. that D. what(16) Give the money to _ you think is badly in need of. A. whom

33、ever B. any one who C. anyone D. whoever8 What活用(17) The ancient map was found in _ we call Hebei Province now. A. which B. what C. that D. where(18) This book will show you _ you have learned in one subject can be applied in other subjects.9 That 的用法（形式主/宾语）(19)We think it important _ college stude

34、nts should master at least one foreign language. A. which B. what C. that D. why(20) What made her mother so angry? _ the exam. A. because she didnt pass B. she not passing C. that she didnt pass D. because of her not passing8 定语从句1） 关系代词that 和which指物，当先行词为all, everything, nothing, little, anything等

35、不定代词时，或有序数词、最高级、先行词含有人和物、用who开头的疑问句、先行词前有the only, the very, the right, just the, 以及两个定语从句（包含关系）为避免重复的情况下，等，则只用that。 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时 There is nothing ( that ) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. Thats all I want to say. 先行词被all, an

36、y, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the first composition (that)he has written in English. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the

37、same, the last修饰时 The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last place( that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导 (that既可指人也可指物) He talked about the teachers and sc

38、hools that he had visited. 2 下列情况不能使用that,而用which that 不能引导非限制性定语从句 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom） The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher. The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle. W

39、e should do everything that we can to help the disabled. A. everything B. whatever C. what D. all above2） 限制性定语从句不能用that, 其区分的意义在于：The tourist, who knew about the storm, stayed in the hotel. (all the tourist)The tourist who knew about the storm stayed in the hotel. (only some tourists)The weather fo

40、recast said there would be no rain, which turned out to be not true.3） 含有介词的关系词，只能用which; 如果介词不在关系词前则不受限制。Do you know the person your brother writes to?4） Whose在从句中既可以指人也可以指物, 注意与which的转换: 名词/代词/数词+介词+which。They lived in a house, whose roof was broken.=They lived in a house, the roof of which was br

41、oken.5） 关系代词Which/that还是关系副词where/when？取决于关系词在从句中充当什么成分。This is the factory where we worked last year. (where=in the factory)6） 区分It is/wasthat强调句与带有定语从句的复合句。方法是去掉it is 和that,剩余的仍然是一个完整的句子。It was at the theatre that Lincoln was murdered. It was the theatre where Lincoln was murdered.7） 有时候，标点符号也能影响句

42、子结构。这是英语句子的联结手段决定的。Yesterday I got a letter from Li, which said that he was getting along well with his studies.Yesterday I got a letter from Li. It said that he was getting along well with his studies.Yesterday I got a letter from Li, and it said that he was getting along well with his studies.8） 定

43、冠词能够影响句子的结构。Mr Smith is one of the foreigners who are working in China.Mr Smith is the one of the foreigners who is working in China.Is this factory the one you visited last week?Is this the factory you visited last week？9） As 和which的用法：1）可以修饰整个句子；2）从句位置不同；3）有互换的可能。 Newton was a great scientist, is

44、well known. A. whom B. as C. that D. which As is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun. The computer is more and more widely used in our life, which encourages us to study harder.As we have found in the last two years, this matter has something different from others.All we did has been pro

45、ved, as it is.10） 含有介词短语的动词一般不能分开。The children whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.The two elements which water consists of are oxygen and hydrogen.比较：The apartment in which we had lived twenty years was pulled down finally.11） 关系代词that在定与从句中做介词宾语时，介词不能位于其前。He is the teacher that I bo

46、rrowed the dictionary from.He is the teacher from whom I borrowed the dictionary.12） 定与从句与状语从句、名词从句的辨别。注意对从句性质的判断，据此来选择适当连词。（1）what=all that； whatever=anything that ;You have got what you need, what else do you want?You have got everything (that) you need, what else do you want?You will surely failed whatever you do now.（2）whoever=anyone who; Whoever breaks the rule will surely be punished.Anyone who breaks the rule will surely be punished.（3）why=the reason why；Could you t