沱江水系沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征-郑林.docx
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1、成都理工大学 硕士学位论文 沱江水系沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征 姓名:郑林 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:地球化学 指导教师:施泽明 ;倪师军 20100601 摘要 沱江水系沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征 作者筒介:郑林,男, 1983年 11月生,师从成都理工大学施泽明副教授和 侃师军教授, 2010年 6月毕业于成都理工大学地球化学专业,获得理学硕士学 位。 摘要 论文依托国家环保部 2008年下达 “ 汶川特大地震灾后环境安全评估与应对 措施 ”子课题:土壤污染评估及应对措施之四 矿山破坏对农田土壤污染评估 与应对措施,以沱江流域水系沉积物为研究对象,采用 ICP-MS, AFS等分析方
2、法,分析测定了绵远河、石亭江和沱江水系沉积物中 As、 Cr、 Cd、 Ni、 Hg、 Cu、 Pb和 Zn的总量,对其进行了逐级提取,分析了重金属不同形态的含量。在此基 础上,对沱江流域水系沉积物中重金属的时空分布、赋存形态、来源、迁移及其 累积规律进行了研究,并采用基于重金属总量、重金属形态两个体系的不同方法 对研究区的重金属污染水平及潜在生态风险进行了评价,探讨了不同 评价体系之 间的相互联系,得出以下结论: (1) 部分元素平均含量为,绵远河 :As 10.04pg/g, Cd 0.7 9pg/g, Hg 0.09pg/g; 石亭江 :As 6.72pg/g, Cd 0.99pg/g,
3、Hg 0.85pg/g;沱江 :As 11.84pg/g, Cd 1.48pg/g, Hg 0.67pg/g。 元素在空间分布上,在两支流交汇之前,沉积物中重金属的含量从 上游到下游呈上升趋势,交汇之后元素含量有较明显升高,显示两河汇流叠加对 沱江下游水系沉积物有较大的影响。与早期水系沉积物相比,各元素平均含量都 有增加。 (2) 通过对重金属不同形态含量和分布特征的分析,得出:各重金属的形 态都是以残渣态为主,弱酸可提取态含量不大;重金属总弱酸可提取态所占的比 重在地域上呈现出一定的变化特征。上游的重金属总弱酸可提取态要比下游高, 可见上游沉积物中重金属的活性和迁移性较强,而下游沉积物中重金
4、属的活性和 迁移性较差;总可提取态所占的比重随重金属元素种类的不同也有所变化,在本 研究所采的沉积物中, Cd、 Pb、 As和 Ni的迁移性较强,活性高;而 Cr和 Cu、 Zn的迁移性相对较差,活性低。 (3) 基于重金属总量的潜在生态风险评价表明, Cd是沱江流域水系沉积物 的主要污染因子,在绵远河和石亭江为中等生态危害,沱江的 Cd为强生态危害, 其余元素大多为轻微生态危害。各重金属元素潜在生态危害程度由大到小依次为 : 绵远河, CdAsHgPbCuCrZn;石亭江, CdHgPbCuAsCr I Zn;沱江, CdHgPbCuAsCrZn。 多种重金属的潜在生态风险指 数 ( R1
5、)表明:河流重金属污染属于轻微生态危害,交汇后沱江的危害程度增 加,大多为中等和强生态危害。三条河流的危害程度由大到小的顺序为:沱江 石亭江绵远河。 (4) 基于重金属形态的潜在生态风险评价表明,两种不同的形态学评价方 法总体结果是一致的,整个流域上,石亭江的污染程度最大,其次是绵远河,沱 江的污染最轻微,这与重金属总量的潜在生态风险评价结果有差别。应用次生相 与原生相分布比值法污染评价得出,各元素的污染程度有差异, Cd的污染最严 重,对各元素污染程度进行排序,大致如下: CdAsCuNiPbZnCr。 运用次生相富集系数法评价得出,Cd的污染最严重。 关键词:沱 江流域水系沉积物重金属化学
6、形态潜在生态风险评价 II Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments from Tuojiang Drainage Introduction of the author: Zhenglin, male, was born in November,1983,whose tutor was associate professor Shizeming. He graduated from Chengdu university of Technology in Geochemistry major and gr
7、anted the Master Degree in June,2010. Abstract The author chooses sediments of Tuojiang drainage as the subject of research. The total concentration and speciation of elements (As, Cd,Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn), were determined in sediment cores collected from the Tuojiang drainage. Based on this, the spat
8、ial and temporal distributions, speciation, sources, transport and accumulation were investigated. Several ecological assessment methods, which based on two different assessment systems (total concentration and sequential extraction),were applied to assess the heavy metals pollution and potential bi
9、otoxicity in sediments from the Tuojiang drainage. The interrelationship and correspondence relationship of different evaluation methods were also discussed. The research results are as follows. The result showed that the average content of some elements: Mianyuan River: As 10.04g/g, Cd 0.79g/g, Hg
10、0.09g/g; Shiting River: As 6.72g/g, Cd 0.99g/g, Hg 0.85g/g; Tuojiang River: As 11.84g/g, Cd 1.48g/g, Hg 0.67g/g. In the spatial distribution, the results show that before two tributaries converged, the content of heavy metals increase from upper to downstream. After two tributaries converging, the c
11、ontents of heavy metals increase obviously, which shows that additive effects of two rivers have greater impacts on the downstream of Tuojiang River. Compared with previous studies, the content of heavy metals increased. The speciation characteristics of heavy metals were determinated. Various heavy
12、 metals in residua, and changes of the content of recoverable fraction was slight. The proportion of acid soluble heavy metals, acid soluble in the proportion present in the geographical a certain degree of variation. Acid soluble in the upper reaches higher than downstream and migration of heavy me
13、tals is strong, while it is poor in the downstream. Different metals have different proportion of the acid in this research, Cd, Pb, As and Ni in migration is strong; while Cr,Based on the potential ecological risk of heavy metals total concentration evaluation, Cd is the main pollution factor in th
14、e Tuojiang River Drainage sediments. The potential ecological risk of Cd is medium in Mianyuan River and Shiting River, and strong in Tuojiang River. The pollution degree of mianyuan is, Cd As Hg Pb Cu Cr Zn; Shiting River, Cd Hg Pb Cu As Cr Zn; Tuojiang, Cd Hg Pb Cu As Cr Zn. The contamination leve
15、ls of sediments are from light to moderate; Tuojiang River is more serious than Shitingjiang River and Mianyuanhe River. Based on the potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals speciation the morphological evaluation of two different overall results are consistent, the entire river drainag
16、e. The potential ecological risk of Shiting River was the highest the pollution, followed by the Mianyuan River, Tuojiang River pollution in the slightest, which is different from total heavy metals of potential ecological risk assessment. The result of RSP: the extent of pollution of all elements a
17、re different, Cd is in the most serious pollution. For the various elements of sort, as follows: Cd As Cu Ni Pb Zn Cr. The result of Phase Enrichment Factor (PEF): Cd is in the most serious pollution. Keywords: Tuojiang Drainage Sediment Heavy Metals Chemical Speciation Potential Ecological Risk Ass
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- 沱江 水系 沉积物 重金属 地球化学 特征
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