水环境重金属检测仪器的硬件设计-高小明.docx
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1、浙江大学生物医学工程及仪器科学学院 硕士学位论文 水环境重金属检测仪器的硬件设计 姓名:高小明 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:生物医学工程 指导教师:王平 20100101 摘要 本文的内容主要分为两部分,首先分别介绍了基于光寻址电位传感器和电化 学电极的无线传感节点的设计,设计根据不同传感器的测量需要设计了完全不同 的测量电路,同时主控芯片和射频芯片也采用了功能上有差异的芯片;其次介绍 了一种以差分脉冲溶出伏安法作为检测技术,用于现场检测海水中痕量重金属元 素(铜、铅、锌、镉)的自动分析仪器的硬件设计。 海水中重金属含量的检测可以借助于逐渐发展成熟的无线传感网络来实现, 无线传感网络为人们提供了
2、一种全新的获取信息、处理信息的方式,传感器节点 采用功耗极低的 MSP430作为控制器,配以测量电路、无线传输电路实现节点的 功能。两种节点由于测量的信号不同所以其测量电路有明显差异,其中光寻址电 位传感器产生的是正弦交流小信号,电化学传感器产生的是直流小信号,所以针 对光寻址电位传感器节点部分,主控芯片采用了 MSP430FG4619,测量电路应用 以 AD5933为核心 的锁相电路实现,无线传输芯片采用了 CC2500芯片 .针对电 化学传感器节点部分,主控芯片采用了功能更为强大、功耗控制更加优异的 MSP430F5438,测量电路以 24位的 ADS1251为核心实现,无线传输芯片采用了
3、 支持 Zigbee协议的CC2420芯片。 仪器在功能上可分为测量系统和控制系统两大部分。测量系统采用了差分脉 冲伏安溶出法,使用高精度 ADC和低偏置电流运放构成微电流采样系统,使用 高精度 DAC和大电流缓冲放大器构成了恒电位仪,在控制系统的控制下完成测 量;控制系统采用微处理器 DS80C320和可编程单片机外围器件 PSD854F2组成 最小系统,根据需要灵活配置泵,阀的开启关闭顺序,延迟时问等测量参数,完 成各种复杂的全自动操作,保证了测量的准确性。 我们对无线节点以及样机分别进行了性能测试,对无线节点方面,做 了信号源分辨率、电流分辨率、功粍测试和传输距离测试,样机测试包括 电化
4、学系统的电流分辨率、恒电位仪输出稳定性测试。测试结果表明硬件 指标均达到了设计要求,目前我们设计的节点和仪器正在实验室进行测 试,实践表明我们的系统无论是节点还是仪器均达到设计要求。 关键词:重金属检测,自动分析仪,无 线传感网络,无线节点 Abstract The paper is divided into two parts. Firstly, the design of a wireless sensor node based on light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is introduced- The measurement
5、circuit of node differs because of the different demand. Then an on-line automatic analytical instrument used to detect four kinds of trace heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) of seawater is introduced, which uses the method of differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV). The developing wireless senso
6、r network (WSN) can be involved to the detection of trace heavy metals. Wireless sensor network has provided a new method of getting and dealing with information. The wireless sensor node uses MSP430 as the control unit to achieve the detection with the measuring circuit and wireless transfer circui
7、t. The LAPS node measures the weak AC signal while the electrochemistry node measures the weak DC signal. So the LAPS node uses MSP430FG4619 as the control chip, and AD5933 as the core of measurement circuit, and CC2500 as the wireless transfer chip. The electrochemistry node uses MSP430F5438 as the
8、 control chip, and ADS 1251 as the core of measurement circuit, and CC2420 as the wireless transfer chip which supports the Zigbee protocol. “The instrument contains two parts in function, the measuring system and controlling system. The measuring system uses the method of DPSV. The electrochemical
9、measurement system used to perform DPSV measurement is constructed with two parts. A low-current measurement system consists of low input bias current operational amplifier and a high resolution ADC and a potentialstat consists of high resolution DAC and high current buffer amplifier. The core of co
10、ntrol system consists of MCU DS80C320 and Programmable System Device PSD854F2. The control system configs the parameters of the state of the pumps and valves to achieve complicated operation automaticly. A few performance testings of wireless sensor node and the instrument are carried out. Signal so
11、urce resolution, current resolution, power consumption and the distance measurement of wireless transmition are implemented to the wireless sensor node. Current resolution and stability testing of potentiostat are implemented to the instrument. The testing results prove that the hardware design have
12、 met the requirements. Now our wireless sensor node and instrument are under testing in our lab. The results prove that our system is fit for our requirment. Keywords: Heavy analysis, Automatic analytic instrument Wireless Sensor Network, Wireless node 浙江大学研究生学位论文独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取
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