高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧课件.ppt

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1、阅读理解题型及解题技巧,阅读体裁经过多年的发展与创新，高考英语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语篇的词数都相对稳定。阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章，即inEnglish,aboutEnglish(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体裁）,题型及解题技巧,细节理解,考向一事实认定类1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2判断是非的形式。含有true/false，nottrue/f

2、alse或except等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3以“accordingto.”开头的提问形式。4填空形式。,常见问题形式有：1.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc.?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotme

3、ntioned?4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_.5.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat_.6.Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo_.7.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept?8.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept,HooverDamlies_.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB,Sam

4、ple1,ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehi

5、ghestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.,HooverDamlies_.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB,Sample1,Sample2,WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofM

6、issAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyear

7、s.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.,Sample2,WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhel

8、pedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,moved,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherth

9、reemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.,taken,Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis.Agreenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsBhighersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaCcontinuousglobalwarmingDri

10、singsealevels,Sample3,reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.,connect,to,Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfierc

11、erstormsis.Agreenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsBhighersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaCcontinuousglobalwarmingDrisingsealevels,Sample3,LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsBsignanagreementwithTuvaluCallowTuvaluanstomovetotheUS

12、D.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal,Sample4,LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions,whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffe

13、ctivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.,LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsBsignanagreementwithTuvaluCallowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal,Sample4,(故意用与原文中一模一样的

14、词来迷惑考生),?,JackLondonslastdayswere_.A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyones,Sample5,JackLondonwasafamousAmericanwriter.Heburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40.Hethoughtofhismother,Flora,whohadneverbeenaveryresponsibleperson.Hewassureshewasmentallyillandthathewasbecominglikeher.Atlasthebecametootiredtoc

15、are.Hewouldnotworkandcontinuedtospendmoneyhedidnothave.Hewouldnotchangehislife,orhiswriting,perhapshecouldnot.,JackLondonslastdayswere_.A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyones,Sample5,考向二数字计算类数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等方面的数字计算。,Youhavetopayatleast_ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.

16、$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000,Sample6,TuitionFees(学费)Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tuiwaikatoacnz.Accommodation(住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson

17、.Forfurtherinformation:accwaikatoacnz,$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000,Youhavetopayatleast_ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000,Sample6,考向三顺序排列类排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序。,Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingw

18、iththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcad,Sample7,Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore,ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundt

19、hestore.Ifyourelookingfortoothpicks,youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist,andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.,Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkouts

20、tand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcad,Sample7,主旨大意,考查考生,加工与浓缩信息的能力,如何做主旨大意题,做此类题目时，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,1.标题类常见的题型:,1.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_.2.Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled.3.

21、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?,题干表现形式,1.Thispassagechieflydealswith_.2.Whatsthetopicofthearticle?3.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?,2：大意类（文章和段落）常见题型,Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageis_.

22、Thepassageismeantto_Thepurposeofthisarticleis_,3：目的类常见题型,主题句呈现的形式,A.文首,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。,sample1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseother

23、healthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?,Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantf

24、eaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.,Sample2,Sample3,Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresource

25、stooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.,B.文尾,在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。,sample4Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi-onalcriminal.An

26、dthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance,sample5Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbede

27、visedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.,C.文中,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。,sample6Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only79.Twodayssale.Hu-rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyare

28、soldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandther

29、easonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale,(detail)(detail)(detail),sample7Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations

30、.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.,无主题句,即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,sample8TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgr

31、aduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotherunive

32、rsity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,detail,detail,detail,TypesOfParagraphStructures,Atthebeginning,Attheend,Inthemiddle,Nocleartopicsentence,forexample,so,

33、therefore,特别注意：,文章中的but,however,asaresult,therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而forexample,first,ortobeginwith等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。,PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethen

34、onjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryisso

35、ldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmento

36、fthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.,Exampleandsu

37、ccessoftheprogram,Howtogetthemainideaofapassage?,PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIn

38、termountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfello

39、wpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,rea

40、dingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.,Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram,59.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Childrensreadingdifficultie

41、s.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.,details,Paragraphideas,Passageidea,猜测词义,词义猜测题着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。,QuestionForm,(1)Theword“”inLinemeans/canbebestreplacedby(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephras

42、e“”suggests(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“”is/refersto(4)Theword“”isclosestinmeaningto,1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?2.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans“_”3.Theword“it/they”inthelastsentencerefersto“_”4.Whatdoesthephrase“_”

43、inParagraph1mean?5.Theunderlinedword“_”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“_”,根据解释确定词义,技巧1,1.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.2.Theotherquestionedtheveracity-thetruthfulnessofthesereports.,3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.4.Hewasaprestidigitator

44、whoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.,根据对比确定词义,技巧2,Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.,根据逻辑确定词义,技巧3,Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforho

45、urswithoutseemingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧4,Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout,RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeina

46、round500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧4,Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout,利用构词法猜测词义,技巧5,利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义,技巧6,1.Theoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtofly

47、AchildrenBancestorsCgenerationsDmates2.ThereisastackofpapersonMr.GreensdeskApieceBbalanceCmixtureDpile,Trytodothefollowingexercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义,3.Beforeyoubuysomething，checkthequalityfirstForexample,ifitischeap,itmightnotbegoodAhowgooditisBwhatthecolorisCwhatthesizeisDhowbigitis4.Pleasegivemeyo

48、urrecipeforthiscake，soIcanmakeittooAadishBdirectionsforcookingCamealDdirectionstoyourhouse,5.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithastocrawlonthefloorAwalkontwofeetBflyCsitinachairDmoveonthehandsandknees6.Mr.BrownisanamateurphotographerHeisanengineerButinhisfreetimehelikestotakepicturesA.asahobbyBformoneyCasajobDaswork,7.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplasticItisnotarealtreeItisartificialA.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayDinanartmuseum8.whalesandelephantsaregiganticanimalsNootheranimalscancomparewiththeminsizeA.smallBlandCseaDhuge,9.Thekiwilaysthelar