人教版英语高二下期末复习说明文阅读理解练习 .docx

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1、人教版英语高二下期末复习说明文阅读理解练习（带答案）一If youre concerned about climate change, should you feel guilty about hanging out online? Maybe not.Data, or information, is often processed and stored on a computer. A computer that provides data to other computers is called a server. Servers also store data such as video

2、s, pictures and emails. A building that holds many servers is known as a data center. Without data centers and servers, we could not access websites on our own computers and phones every day.Some people worry that data centers use a lot of energy, which could be bad for the environment. But recent s

3、tudies found that data centers do not use as much energy as they thought.Eric Masanet, a professor at Northwestern University, is the studys main author. Masanet and his team looked at the energy used by data centers around the world, and found that data centers have improved. They saw a 20 percent

4、energy improvement each year.These improvements are due to better servers. They use less energy than servers once did. Other technologies have also improved.Masanet said to make sure computers use energy effectively, some things need to happen. Businesses and governments should get involved. Countri

5、es need to be open about how much electricity their data centers use. Large data companies also need to source their electricity from renewable energy, such as sunlight and wind. For example, Google and Apple both purchased or generated enough renewable electricity to match 100 percent of their data

6、 center energy use in 2018.“People should care about the energy data centers need,” said Masanet. “But we dont have to feel bad about staying connected.”1. Why do people need data centers?A. To help people reduce time on computers.B. To store information and let them use websites.C. To provide energ

7、y needed to run peoples phones.D. To save data on the Internet instead of on servers9. What caused data centers to have a 20 percent improvement in energy use?A. Less fuel is being burned in the atmosphere. B. Fewer people are online at the same time.C. Servers and technologies have improved. D. Mor

8、e information is stored in phones.3. What does the underlined word “source” in paragraph 6 mean?A. Measure.B. Store.C. Choose.D. Obtain.4. According to Eric Masanet, how to make sure computers use energy effectively?A. Businesses and governments should be involved.B. The boundaries of countries shou

9、ld be opened.C. People need to spend less time online.D. People need to rely on big data companies.二Here is a test. Assign a score of 1 to 5, where 1 is “strongly agree” and 5 is “strongly disagree”, to the following statement: “I really care about my work.” If you have answered that kind of questio

10、n before, you have probably applied for a job at a large company. Psychometric tests, as they are called, have become increasingly popular.Eager job-seekers may think the answers to these questions are glaringly obvious. For any statement, give a response that creates a portrait of a diligent and co

11、llaborative worker. But the people who set the tests know that candidates will respond this way. So questions are rephrased in many different ways to check that applicants are consistent and make it difficult for them to remember what they have already said. The Second World War had a big impact on

12、psychometric testing. The British were impressed with the efficiency of German army officers and learned they had been selected with the help of intelligence tests. This led the British to create the War Office Selection Board. Alongside verbal and non-verbal reasoning, it challenged candidates with

13、 word-association exercises and being made to lead group discussions.For high-skilled jobs, these tests are useful. However, Mr. Johnson says there is a risk with using such tests to recruit workers for low-skilled jobs. If you select people who pass complex cognitive tests, they will learn the job

14、quickly but will then get bored and leave.Psychometric tests became more popular from the 1970s onwards and are now seen as a useful way of sorting through the candidates who apply for the jobs offered by big companies. “Previously, it was a laborious task to sort through thousands of written applic

15、ations,” says Julia Knight, another occupational psychologist. “As well as being time consuming, it was not very effective and accurate.”1. Whats the passage mainly talking about?A. The rise of psychometric tests in nowadays societyB. The introduction of psychometric tests with its historyC. The ben

16、efits of using psychometric tests for bossesD. The presentation of psychometric tests in companies2. What do we know from the second paragraph?A. Job seekers can guess the expected answers in the test.B. It is never too hard to cheat in testing.C. Psychometric tests are scientific and reasonable.D.

17、Its recommended to find a job through psychometric tests.3. What can we learn from what Julia Knight said?A. The traditional way of classifying written applications was unsatisfactory.B. Psychometric tests are not effective and accurate as expectedC. Companies are rejecting thousands of written appl

18、icationsD. It remains to be seen whether psychometric tests work well4. How is the passage developed?A. Comparing between the people who test and are testedB. Going from an argument to its supporting ideasC. Digging the topic from the present to the pastD. Unfolding from the topic to its related asp

19、ects三Noise created by humans, such as car traffic, quieted by about 30% between late March 2020, when Governor Greg Abbott closed schools and restaurants across Texas, and early May, according to the analysis by researchers at Southern Methodist University.“There was quite a big change in some areas

20、, said Stephen Arrowsmith, a seismologist （地震 学家）at SMU, who took on the project with a class of undergraduate and graduate students. Arrowsmith and his students looked at data from a dozen seismometers （地震仪）across North Texas. Seismometers are used to detect earthquakes, but they are sensitive to j

21、ust about everything that makes the ground vibrate, such as strong winds, ocean waves, construction and traffic.The idea of using seismometers to track urban noise first gained popularity last March when Belgian seismologist Thomas Lecocq posted some of his urban noise data from Brussels on Twitter.

22、 Lecocq, of the Royal Observatory of Belgium, received such an overwhelming response from scientists that he launched the group Lockdown Seismology on the Slack communications platform.Its where bored seismologists around the world are collaborating, Arrowsmith joked. Lecocq wrote in an email to The

23、 Dallas Morning News that he wanted to document the noise levels to show how small changes in personal behavior can make an international impact. Cities have seen a wide range of noise reductions ranging from 20% to 90% during last year, Lecocq said.Arrowsmith hopes his findings will contribute to a

24、 growing list of creative ways in which researchers are using seismometers. In his spring seismology course, Arrowsmith teaches students how seismic stations can help, investigators solve crimes, like terrorist bombings, aid scientists in tracking nuclear tests pr assist inspectors investigating acc

25、idents, like chemical plant blasts. One potential application of his research is to better understand the shallow layers of Earth beneath cities. That could be useful in places where theres a real seismic hazard, like San Francisco or Los Angeles, he said, where just knowing what that shallow struct

26、ure is tells you a lot about how it would respond in a big earthquake.Recently, researchers have begun using seismic stations to track storms over the ocean because large waves register on the instruments too.1. What are Arrowsmith and his students findings about?A. The quiet of car traffic.B. The r

27、eduction of city noise.C. A big change in seismology.D. An earthquake detecting project.2. How did Thomas make the urban noise analysis popular?A. By inspiring a response from scientists.B. By establishing a communications platform.C. By revealing the noise data on social media.D. By launching the g

28、roup “Lockdown Seismology”.3. The underlined word collaborating” in Paragraph 4 means ”A. ignoring each otherB. arguing all the timeC. improving greatlyD. working together4. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A. Some additional uses of seismometers.B. Arrowsmiths spring seismology course.C Unde

29、rstanding the shallow layers of Earth.D. Using seismometers in detecting earthquakes.四The worldwide partial internet outage (中 断)this week, which lasted more than an hour and apparently caused by human error at a little-known company based in San Francisco, wasnt a big deal for most people. You migh

30、t not have even noticed it. But the businesses and services that went dark definitely noticed it.Around 7:30 pm (AEST) last Tuesday, dozens of sites began displaying 503 error messages. This included The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald, The Guardian, CNN, Bloomberg, Amazon,eBay, Twitch, Spotify an

31、d many others.The problem was at Fastly, the provider of one of the internets most widely used content delivery networks (CDNs). These CDNs allow websites to be accessed quickly through the use of servers spread across the globe. These. servers reduce the distance data has to travel to get to its de

32、stination. There are many CDNs around the world but they are controlled by a very small group of operators: Fastly, Akamai and Cloudflare.Fastly attributed the problem to a configuration (配置)error, which likely means someone made a change that resulted in a cascade of system failures. Similar issues

33、 at CDNs have occurred in the past and in this case, it was fixed promptly.But a brief inconvenience for some posed a big headache for others. Amazon Australia may have missed $114,000 during the hour of downtime. For smaller businesses or more vital services, the impact might have been more horribl

34、e. In the UK and the US some government services were also affected, including a British hub for booking COVID-19 vaccination.Dr Marcus Thompson, cyber security advisor and former head of information warfare for The Australian Defense Force (ADF), said the outage demonstrated the need for greater da

35、ta sovereignty（主权) in Australia. This was a technical outage, rather than a cyber-attack, yet the effect on Australian businesses and people was the same. It calls into question our dependence on foreign service providers, he said.Monash universitys Dr Klaus Ackermann, who was part of a team that cr

36、eated a global internet pressure map to analyze the pressure on basic facilities, said local companies could consider taking matters into their own hands. If issues like this are to be prevented in the future, businesses need to be willing to invest in setting up their own distributed servers, he sa

37、id.As distributed delivery has become more vital to operations, companies have started using multiple CDNs as insurance against failures. But its a costly strategy and switching from one CDN to another in an emergency, even if youve prepared beforehand, is not a simple task.1. What is the text mainl

38、y about?A What caused the problem at Fastly.B. How to prevent the internet from outage.C. What a worldwide partial internet outage resulted in.D. How to reduce dependence on foreign service providers.2. What do we know about CDNs?A. They reduce the data during the transfer.B. They didnt cause inconv

39、enience in the past.C. They allow people to access websites quickly.D. They are controlled by a large group of operators.3. According to Paragraph 5, which can be a headache?A. Companies economic losses.B. Governments financial problems.C. Websites system failures.D. Countries social disorder.4. Whi

40、ch of the following might possibly prevent such an outage?A. Refusing to use various CDNs.B. Strengthening data sovereignty.C. Building companies own websites.D. Refusing to use foreign cyber technologies.五Those who work on the “996” model (where employees work from 9am to 9pm, 6 days a week) must e

41、nvy their counterparts (对应的人)in an American company, because they have a shorter work week. Basecamp, a Chicago-based web application company gives all his employees a short work week: just four daysa total of 32 hours, between May and September every year. Also, they usually work five days a week f

42、or the rest of the year.“Thats plenty of time to get great work done. This is all we expect and all we want from people,” says Jason Fried, a co-founder. “Working 60-plus, or 70-plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 60-plus or 70-plus hours a week, theres a management problem.”The

43、companys summer workload must fit reduced hours, Mr. Fried insists, otherwise the benefits of a shorter week - to recover from work, enjoy time with family and develop outside interests - would be undone.His new research finds that it is not just long hours that are harmful to employees physical and

44、 mental health. It is also the intensity (强度)of work. Moreover, it suggests that intensity work harms career prospects (前景).That is because unbearable hours and intensity are in the opposite direction, reducing the quality of the work.The research concludes that the level of intensity we apply to th

45、e work we do is generally “a stronger predictor of unfavorable outcomes than overtime work”. The research compared people of similar jobs and education levels, and found they were more likely to suffer poorer happiness and worse career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when

46、they worked at an intense level for long periods.1. What do we know about Basecamps four day work week?A. It lasts nearly half a year. B. The work pressure is too high.C. There are some management problems.D. Employees work more than 8 hours a day.2. What does Mr. Fried intend to say in paragraph 2?

47、A. Given plenty of time, people can do more.B. To get work done well needs plenty of time.C. People can do a job very well in a short work week.D. A long work week is appropriate for reduced workload.3. What does the research mentioned in the text want to tell us?A. Getting much more rest. B. Improv

48、ing work quality.C. Refusing a five-day work week. D. Avoiding working too intensely.4. What can be the best title for this passage?A. More Work, More Profits B. Shorter Week, Better RewardC. Less Work, Less Benefits D. Longer Hours, Higher Intensity六To show empathy is to identify with anothers feelings. It is to emotionally put yourself in the place of another. The ability to empathize is directly dependent on your ability to feel your own feelings and identify them.If you have never felt a certai