辅差计划三阅读理解主旨大意题专练--高三英语二轮复习.docx

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1、第三讲 主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上，运用概括、判断、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。解题关键是首先通读全文、把握好文章大意；其次应抓住文章主题句。这类题目可分为：主旨大意型、文章标题型和目的态度型。主旨大意型文章标题型目的态度型命题形式qququestions技巧点拨命题形式命题形式技巧点拨技巧点拨1. From the passage we know that_.2. What is the passage / story mainly about?3. What is the main idea of this passage?4. The ar

2、ticle is about_.1. 通读全文，把握文章大意；2. 找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词，从而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。1. The best title for this passage might be_.2. What is the best title for the passage? 3. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?1. 通读全文，把握文章大意；2. 找出主题句，把握文章的主旨；3. 标题要言简意赅，引人注目；1.Whats the purpose of the pa

3、ssage? 2.The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_.3.The purpose of this passage / story is to _. 4. What is the writers purpose of writing this passage? 1. 要充分理解全文，正确把握文章思想和主旨大意；2. 站在作者的立场想问题，推断作者的写作态度及目的；主旨题考法1标题归纳类(2018全国卷IB)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests

4、on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budgetIn Save Money：Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste

5、，while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a dayAnd the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13，and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local M

6、exican takeaway restaurant，”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion (一份)，but Matt makes them for 26p a portion，because they are flour，water，sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eightpart series (系列节目), Save Money：Go

7、od Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonights Easter specia

8、l they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budgetThe team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipesWhat can be a suitable title for the text?AKeeping Fit by Eating SmartBBalancing Our Daily DietCMaking yourself a

9、 Perfect ChefDCooking Well for Less技法1文章主线定标题考法2段落大意类(全国卷I D)Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the w

10、ater.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play, catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks

11、and the Three Bears.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?APeople remember well what they learned in childhood.BChildren have a better memory than grownups.CPoem reading is a good way to learn words.DStories for children are easy to remember.技法2首尾兼顾知段意考法3文章大意类(2018全国卷B)Cities usually have a good reas

12、on for being where they are，like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually fr

13、om 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野)But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a

14、population of 30，000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall witho

15、ut warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich

16、they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, t

17、hey left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today, people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys in

18、to the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.技法3定位主题断文意（2020年浙江卷）Todays world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力)，a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers

19、are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in schoo

20、l.“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers.” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence - which can he taught - are key to a childs life success.”Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative”

21、 parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed； childre

22、n are given an appropriate level of autonomy (自主权).In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to b

23、etter outcomes in school.This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.30. Which of the following is the best title for

24、 the text?A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative FathersB. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in FutureC. Children Tend to Learn Determination from FatherD. Family Relationship Influences School Performance(2017全国卷C)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Na

25、tional Park.Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were graduallydisplaced

26、by human development.By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources (来源) fo

27、r the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves,coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers.As earl

28、y as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearl

29、y 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers

30、and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone ar

31、ea.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.（2018全国II D）Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smart phones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfo

32、rtable silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider

33、that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social

34、 communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just commu

35、nicate with them.” In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with t

36、heir server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” say Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes

37、that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence8学科网（北京）股份有限公司