英语for的用法技巧方法讲义--高考英语复习.docx
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1、for的用法 篇1for是个常用词,在英语中出现频率高、含义多、用法广,可以与许多名词、形容词和动词搭配。下面举例说明,希望对同学们学好、用准英语知识能够有所帮助。一、用作介词。1.表示目的,意为“为了”。例如:Ann goes home for holidays every year with her parents.安每年与她父母一起回家度假。此外,下列动词后跟双宾语,起间接关系作用的介词for均表目的。get/buy/make/draw/play(播放,上演)/save(节约)/find/fly/mend/take/do sb. sth.=get/buy/make/draw/play/e
2、nd/take/do sth. for sb.2.表示对象、用途,意为“对于,供,适合于”。例如:Walking is good for health.散步有利于健康。Here are books for children.这些是供儿童阅读的书籍。3.表示目标、去向,意为“往,向”。例如:Ill leave for Shanghai.我要前往上海。What time do you leave home for school?你何时离家上学?4.表示等值或交换关系,意为“兑,换”。例如:We can get two tickets for eight yuan.用八元钱,我们可以买两张票。Don
3、t put the whole English sentence word for word into Chinese.不要把整个英语句子字对字地译成汉语。5.表示愿望、爱好、特长等,意为“对于”。例如:He hopes for the best.他抱着乐观的希望。The children in China long(vi.渴望) for the Mid-Autumn Festival.中国儿童盼望中秋节。6.表示原因,意为“由于,因为”。例如:Ann,thanks a lot for asking me to your birthday party.安,多谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。We s
4、hould thank our mother for doing so much for us.(前一个for表原因,后一个for表目的)我们应当感谢我们的母亲,她为我们做了那么多。My classmates jumped for joy at the meeting.我的同学们在会上高兴地跳了起来。7.表示时间、距离、数量,意为“长达之久,计”。例如:Hold on for a moment,please.别挂请稍等。He has lived there for nine years.他在那里住了九年。You can see nothing but trees for two miles.(
5、)两英里之内,你只能看见树木。8.与名词或代词连用,后接动词不定式,构成名词短语。其中介词for后面的名词或代词在逻辑上是不定式的主语。例如:Its time for Li lei to go to bed.李雷睡觉的时间到了。Its important for us to study English well.学好英语对我们很重要。9.意为“代替,代表”。例如:Our English teacher Mr. Wu was ill,so Miss Gao taught for him yesterday.我们的英语老师吴老师病了,所以高老师昨天替他代了课。WTO is short for Wo
6、rld Trade Organization.WTO是世界贸易组织的中文缩写。10.意为“赞成,拥护”。例如:Are you for or against?你是赞成还是反对?How many of you are for the idea?你们多少人赞成这个意见?11.意为“当做,作为”。例如:We often mistake Lucy for Lily.我们时常把露西当做莉莉。Most of the houses are used for the teachers offices now.这些房子现在多数用作教师的办公室了。12.意为“至于,就而言”。例如:He is tall for hi
7、s age.就年龄而言,他算是高个子。二、用作并列连词,表示因果关系,意为“因为”。并列连词for引导的表示原因的从句不能用于句首,较because正式,用于正式文体中,但语气比because弱;回答why引导的问句时,应用because,而不能用for。例如:Youd better put on your sweater,for its rather cold outside.你最好把毛衣穿上,外边相当冷。I must be off now,for my sister is waiting for me.我得走了,因为我姐姐在等我。三、用于某些成语,构成固定词组。例如:1.for days(
8、years) 连续多日(年)2.for ever 永远3.for long 长久4.long for 渴望5.care for 关怀,照顾6.hope for 希望得到7.look for 寻找8.wait for 等待9.send for 派人请10.stand for 代表,主张11.for example 例如12.ask for 请求、要13.call for 召集14.be(get) ready for 为做好准备15.go in for 从事(某种活动)16.be short for 是的缩写17.word for word 字对字地,逐字地for的用法 篇2用法1:(表目的)为了
9、。如:They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做?Thats what were here for. 这正是我们来的目的。Whats she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了?He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。在通常情况下,英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如:他去那儿看他叔叔。误:He went there for seeing his uncle.正:He went there to see his uncle.但是,若一
10、个动名词已名词化,则可与 for 连用表目的。如:He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化)注意:若不是表目的,而是表原因、用途等,则其后可接动名词。用法2:(表利益)为,为了。如:What can I do for you? 你想要我什么?We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗?Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。(1
11、)有些后接双宾语的动词(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等),当双宾语易位时,通常用 for 来引出间接宾语,表示间接宾语为受益者。如:She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。注意,类似下面这样的句子必须用 for:He bought
12、 a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。(2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词 for:他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。误:They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.正:They decided to advertise their new product on TV.注:advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词,但含义不同:advertise sth为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth为寻找某物而打广告。如:advertise for a
13、job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响,而此处误加了介词 for。类似地,汉语中的“为人民服务”,说成英语是 serve the people,而不是 serve for the people,“为某人的死报仇”,说成英语是 avenge sbs death,而不是 avenge for sbs death,等等。用法3:(表用途)用于,用来。如:Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。Its a machine for slicing bread.
14、 这是切面包的机器。The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。用法4:为得到,为拿到,为取得。如:He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。We all hope for success. 我们都盼望成功。Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要进来喝点茶?用法5:给(某人),供(某人)
15、用。如:Thats for you. 这是给你的。Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗?用法6:(表原因、理由)因为,由于。如:I am sorry for it. 对不起。Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。I couldnt speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来。He couldnt sleep for joy. 他高兴得不能入睡。【用法说明】有些表原因的特殊结构不宜用介词 for 来引出,而用其他介词。如:他由于努力工作
16、而加了工资。误:For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.正:As a the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.注:as a the result of 是习语,意为“由于的结果”。因为母亲不在家,她只好自己做饭。误:For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.正:With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.注:“with+宾语+宾语补足
17、语”可用来表示原因,此时的 with 不能换成 for。类似地,下例中的 with 也不能换成 for:With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做,我不知是否有时间出去。我们祝贺你的成功。误:We congratulate you for your success.正:We congratulate you on your success.注:congratulate 后习惯上接介词 on 表示原因。用法7:(表目标、去向)去。如:Is this bus for Chicago? 这辆公共
18、汽车开往芝加哥吗?Theyll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。They set off for the shops. 他们买东西去了。Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗?Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必须在北京换车。【用法说明】比较 for 与 to,两者均可表示目的地,注意以下区别:for 通常与 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound,
19、 be destined 等动词连用,而 to 则通常与 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等动词连用。如:We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午10点动身去伦敦。Then we drove to the station. 然后我们就开车去了车站。有时,同一个动词(如 sail)两者均可连用,但含义稍有差别:用 for 通常只表示向着某目的地那个方向,并不强调到达的意思;而 to 含有到达某目的地的意思。如:They sailed for
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