新高考全国一卷英语模拟试卷一.docx

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1、2021-2022新高考全国一卷英语模拟试卷一第一部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）第一节（共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHave you ever heard someone say you totally look like youre a Jessica or something similar? People seem to think that they know what kind of person a Jessica or a Michael looks like. Why is this

2、?According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate peoples names with their appearance, and can even guess someones name based on how they look.Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, collected thousands of photos of peopl

3、es faces. They labeled each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct.The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 percent of the time. It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someones name, Readers Digest repo

4、rted.However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames(绰号)more often than their real names.This may show that a persons appearance isaffected by their name only if

5、 they use it often.This kind of face-name matching happens because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy(自我实现预言), as we become what other people expect us to become. Ruth Mayo from the university told science news website Eurek Alert.Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes (刻板

6、印象) can affect a persons appearance.The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the worditself looks round. People may think that women named Rose are beautiful. They expect them to be

7、“delicate” and “feminine(女性的)”, just like the flower they are named for.1. What was the purpose of the study?A. To find out todays most popular English names.B. To learn how names influence personality.C. To find out whether names relate to looks.D. To show how mens names are different from womens.2

8、. What can we infer from the study?A. Volunteers found it easier to guess nicknames correctly.B.Names may have different associations in different cultures.C. Volunteers could guess the characteristics of those people.D. The people in the photos and volunteers were from the same country.3. According

9、 to Ruth Mayo, why do some people look like their names?A. Because they tend to become what others expect them to become.B. Because they want to please everyone around them.C. Because they dont want to be different from others.D. Because they like to copy famous people who share the same name.BHeati

10、ng and cooling equipment are the biggest users of energy in American homes. And homes are responsible for about one fourth of the nations total energy use. But there are surprisingly simple ways to deeply cut energy use, its effect on the environment and its cost. David Peabody and his team at Peabo

11、dy Architects design passive homes. He says the design of a passive house aims to reduce energy demand to its lowest possible level. Passive houses use no solar, geothermal or wind energy equipment. But they are extremely energy efficient.Mr Peabody says passive houses cut heating and cooling costs

12、by about 90 percent. But what sets his design apart from other green homes is that it looks like any other home. Peabody Architects says it is building the first passive home in the Washington D.C. area. But it will not be the last. In Arlington, Virginia, Roger Lin and his brother Eric are also bui

13、lding one.Roger Lin of Southern Exposure Homes explains that windows are sealed against leaks and have three layers of glass. The windows are airtight. On a cold winter day, the temperature inside the unfinished home is at comfortable 12 degrees, or 50 degrees Fahrenheit.David Peabody says you can f

14、ind passive houses all over the world. DAVID PEABODY:“North Africa, for example, has a passive house community designed for very hot dry climates. The first passive design was an apartment building in Darmstadt,Germany. Two physicists helped develop it about 20 years ago. Passive houses use some spe

15、cialized materials. These include precast concrete panels and insulation(隔热材料）. They also need to have special air treatment systems. Supporters say they cost only about five or eight percent more than traditional homes. But they use 10percent of the energy for heating and cooling.4. Which of the fo

16、llowing is the advantage of passive houses?A. They are extremely energy efficient.B. They look much like the other houses.C. They cost much less than traditional houses.D, They are more comfortable than other houses.5. People are building or living in passive homes in the following places EXCEPTA. A

17、rlington B. MexicoC. North Africa D.Germany6. What can be implied in the passage?A. Passive homes are specially built for winter use.B. Passive homes can be found everywhere in the world.C. Green homes differ from traditional homes in their appearances.D. The construction of passive homes takes adva

18、ntage of high technology.7. What is the authors attitude toward passive homes?A. Objective.B. Negative.C. Doubtful.D. Optimistic.CParents around the world often urge children over and overwash your hands! It can be difficult, however, to get children to remember to wash. But what if washing hands wa

19、s connected to a fun, creative activity? What if instead of simply reaching for the soap, a machine could drop it right into your hands?Well, such a machine was recently built by a boy and his sister in the US state of Maryland as part of a creative competition. The not-for-profit Rube Goldberg Orga

20、nization is holding the competition.Every year, the Rube Goldberg competition assigns a specific task, considering inventions that use complex systems to carry out a simple everyday task. At first, the task for 2020 was supposed to be “turn on a light”. But when the COVID-19 happened, the task was c

21、hanged to “drop a bar of soap into someones hand”.Those taking part in the competition are schoolchildren. But with schools closed to slow the spread of the virus, organizers changed the rules. This year, the team can include any family members and people were asked to send in recordings of the mach

22、ines to compete. One thing has not changed: The machine must complete the task in less than 10 steps.In Maryland, the Diel family wanted to enter. So, Caitlin and her brother Ben designed and built their own Rube Goldberg machine. Next, they had to demonstrate that it could complete the taskthrowing

23、 the soap just right to be caught in someones hand. After 106 failed attempts, they finally had success. With their video demonstration, they can now enter the competition.Dr Anne Glowinski teaches child psychiatry(精神病学) at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. She said that “creati

24、vity and play” connects with children. It is better than the message“We have to wash our hands because of this horrible virus,” Glowinski added. 8. What might be a task of inventions assigned by the Rube Goldberg competition?A. Sweeping the floor. B. Exploring nature.C. Writing a novel. D. Painting

25、the house. 9. What change has been made to the rules of the competition this year?A. All kinds of inventions are admitted. B. A video of the entry is qualified to enter.C. Teachers are encouraged to get involved. D. The task must be finished within 10 steps. 10. What does Glowinski think of the inve

26、ntion?A. Practical. B. Unnecessary. C. Economical. D. Complicated. 11. Whats the purpose of the text?A. To advocate the habit of washing hands.B. To call on schoolchildren to compete in a contest.C. To encourage more inventions from everyday items.D. To introduce a contest making handwashing fun for

27、 kids.DThe average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count, too.Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of d

28、istinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward, one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws(爪子).As the researchers report in

29、 Animal Behaviour, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area. This could be explained by the bears distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed

30、 to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scient

31、ists tried to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social s

32、ystems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.12. What task did the scientists set for the three bears?A. Distinguishing different dot patterns.B. Figuring out different colours of dots.C. Putting the dots into

33、 differently coloured groups.D. Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.13. For the bears, the task was easier when .A. the coloured dots were moving slowly B. the dot patterns were regular in shapeC. the dots followed a path on the screen D. more dots covered a larger coloured area14. Wh

34、at may explain the bears high degree of intelligence?A. They learn skills from other animals. B. They face life challenges on their own.C. They feed on a diverse range of food. D. They have complex social networks.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Bears Taught to Distinguish Colours B

35、. New Evidence of Bear Intelligence FoundC. Three Bears Learned How to Count D. The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus第二节（共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。For a long time, sports have been viewed as a way to stay healthy and in shape, but their importance goes muc

36、h further.From a social standpoint, sports are a powerful tool that brings people together and creates a sense of community. _16_ As an international student, playing pick-up basketball at the gym was the fastest and easiest way to make friends.As a student, I had very challenging classes and occasi

37、onally had to deal with bad homework or midterm grades. I learned that I am not always going to get the results that I want, but no matter what, I have to persevere and not give up. _17_In addition to that, exercising is a great way to get out of the stressful college life that is all about homework

38、, presentations, and group projects. _18_ I personally think that I would go crazy without going to the gym at least three times a week.The reason most students do not play sports is because they feel lazy about it and dont have the energy for it. _19_ As a matter of fact, exercise pumps more oxygen

39、 through your blood and makes your entire system more active._20_ Besides just being fun, sports can help you perform better in school, relax more and worry less, deal with setbacks, work better with others and increase your energy.A. To sum up, playing college sports has some serious benefits.B. In

40、 short, playing sports can help students become more energetic.C. They helped me get on very well with my teachers and classmates.D. In fact, playing sports helps students relax and reduce their anxiety.E. Sports gave me a positive attitude where I see falling as a way to learn.F. They develop conne

41、ctions that bond together people from all walks of life.G. However, the belief that the intense exercise will leave you exhausted is wrong.第二部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分）第一节（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）Hedy Lamarr-Golden Age Film Actress and Inventor of Frequency-Hopping TechnologyHedy Lamarr was a film actress of Je

42、wish heritage during MGMs Golden Age, Considered the most beautiful woman in the world, Lamarr 21 the silver screen with stars like Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy. Yet Lamarr was much more than a 22 actress. She is also 23 with inventing frequency-hopping technology(跳频技术).Hedy Lamarr was born on Nove

43、mber 9, 1914, in Vienna, Austria. Lamarrs father loved 24 and would explain how everything from streetcars to printing presses worked. His 25 no doubt led to Lamarrs own interest for technology later in life.From France, she went on to London, where she met Louis B. Mayer, who offered her an acting

44、contract in the United States. Lamarr went on to make many other 26 with Hollywood.One of Lamarrs greatest 27 was that people rarely 28 her intelligence. Lamarr was a 29 gifted mathematician(数学家) and during her marriage to Mandl she had become 30 with concepts related to military technology. In the

45、midst of World War , radio-guided torpedoes(鱼雷) did not have a high success rate when it came to 31 their targets.Lamarr thought frequency hopping would make it 32 for enemies to notice a torpedo or 33 its signal. She shared her idea with a composer named George Antheil, and together they submitted

46、her idea to the US Patent Office.Though Lamarrs concept would completely 34 technology, at the time the military did not want to accept military advice from a Hollywood starlet. As a result, her idea was not put into practice until the 1960s after her 35 had ended. Today, Lamarrs concept is the basi

47、s of spread-spectrum technology, which is used for everything from Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to satellites and wireless phones.Lamarrs film career began to slow in the 1950s. In the early 1980s, Lamarr moved to Florida where she died, largely a recluse(隐居者), of heart disease on January 19, 2000, at the age of 86.21. A. connectedB. conqueredC. sharedD. managed22. A. youngB. humorousC. richD. pretty23. A. awardedB. creditedC. presentedD. identified24. A.technologyB. artC. scienceD. movie25. A. experienceB. insistenceC. assistanceD. influence26. A. discoveriesB. filmsC. recordsD. contrib