科普说明文高考阅读理解的重中之重学案--高考英语专题复习备考.docx

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1、高考英语复习备考：科普说明文高考阅读理解的重中之重科普说明文是英语高考中经常出现的阅读理解重点考题，其重要性不言而喻。对考生而言，了解此类试题的命题特点及熟练掌握解题技巧，是提升分数的关键。科普说明文的题材特点：(1)说明性介绍科学知识；(2)单一性说明一个科学现象或介绍一种科学知识；(3)通俗性用通俗有趣的语言深入浅出地普及科学知识；(4)专业性篇幅较长、生词多、逻辑性强、长难句多、话题陌生且枯燥，语言专业性强。说明文的行文特点:1. 主题介绍新事物 (新发现、新发明、新现象、新观点、新事情，即新闻)2. 解释具体解释新事物；3. 证据例子: 数据; 实验等4. 总结照应首段; 展望或评价。

2、以例为证：Memory loss is one of our biggest fears.As the latest video from the Head Squeeze team describes above, mental decline was once thought to be an unavoidable consequence of ageing, thanks to the steady decrease in our brain matter: we lose about 0.5% of our brain volume every year. The hippocamp

3、us the region responsible for memory and learning was thought to be lost terribly; by the time we are 90, many of us have lost around a third of its grey matter.Fortunately, recent research has shown that the brain is not concrete, but certain regions can adapt and grow. In Recently, a study of Lond

4、on taxi drivers, for instance, showed that the 4-year training of Londons 25,000 streets showed a remarkable growth in the hippocampus compared to bus drivers who early learnt a fixed number of routes. The scientists think that, by memorizing the maps of London, the brain had built many more of the

5、“synaptic (突触的) connections” that allow the brain cells to communicate with each other. In other words, it may be possible to train the brain to make up for some of the neural decline.Challenging your brain could be one way of preserving your recollections -though the value of commercial brain train

6、ing is debatable; some experiments seem to show that while people may become very good at the games on their screen, the improvements fail to transfer to daily life. But other more traditional activities - likelearning a musical instrumentor a second language do seem to have some protective benefits

7、, at least on short-term recall. Ideally, it is probably best to keep your brain active throughout your life, well before you are old and weak.Exerciseand ahealthy dietare also thought to offer some protection against dementia (痴呆). As can an active social life since regular contact with other peopl

8、e is also thought to excite our neurons and preserve our synapses. Ensuring that you regularly get a good nights sleep helps too.Of course, nothing can guarantee health and vitality in old age. But these few simple measures might give you the best possible chances of preserving your memory against t

9、ime.1. According to Paragraph 2, why does memory loss take place? A. Everyones brain matter is changeless. B. The hippocampus isnt strong enough. C. We lose grey matter of the hippocampus gradually. D. The hippocampus is no longer responsible for memory.2. What does the example of the trained taxi d

10、rivers show? A. Their hippocampus declined due to a heavy burden on their memory. B. Memorizing can help create more connections to slow down memory loss. C. The brain cells of taxi drivers can be more active than those of other people. D. The hippocampus in the bus drivers decreases more sharply co

11、mpared to the taxi drivers.3. Why is commercial brain training not highly recommended? A. People now do very well in the tests on the computer. B. The test of it can be dangerous to some degree sometimes. C. People argue about the value of any measures of preserving our memory. D. Memory achievement

12、 made from computer tests is not practical in daily life4. What does the passage intend to tell us? A. Measures can be taken in the prevention of memory loss.B. Commercial brain training helps create computer geniuses. C. Taxi drivers have a better memory than other people. D. People are totally hel

13、pless in face of memory loss.【文本把握】本文是一篇推介科学领域里新发现的文章。它讲述了人类的大脑随着年龄的增长记忆力和学习的能力会不断退化，但是最新一项发现表明，人类可以通过记忆训练，增加大脑突触联系，从而弥补大脑神经的退化。【长难句剖析】In 2000, a study of London taxi drivers, for instance, showed that the 4-year training of Londons 25,000 streets showed a remarkable growth in the hippocampus compar

14、ed to bus drivers who early learnt a fixed number of routes.本句中，who引导定语从句，compared to引出两组人的大脑记忆能力的对照。译文：例如，2000年对伦敦的士司机的研究显示，经过4年训练记忆伦敦25,000条街道后，与那些早前记住固定数量公交线路的公交司机相比，的士司机的海马体（大脑中被认为是感情和记忆中心的部分）有明显的增加。【解题策略】1.考查细节理解。从第二段可知，大脑里复杂记忆的灰色物质每年都在流失，因此人的记忆力也随着年龄的增加而丧失。故选C。2.考查细节理解。文章第三段，尤其是该段最后两句可知，选B。3.考查细节判断。从文章倒数第三段可知。选D。4.考查写作目的。从文章的最后三段可以推出，为防止记忆力的丧失，人类可以采取措施训练自己的记忆。选A。学科网（北京）股份有限公司