高三英语阅读C篇冲刺训练.docx

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1、高三英语阅读C篇冲刺训练一The complexities of human relations are difficult enough for adults to identify-and they have at least some idea of the rules. Children have yet to learn those rules. Infants （婴儿） are, nevertheless, able quickly to identify close relationships between other people, and thus to build up

2、a map of the social world around them. How this comes out has puzzled sociologists for decades. In a paper just published in Science, Ashley Thomas of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposes a partial answer: saliva （唾液）shared by kissing, for example, or the common use of an eating or dri

3、nking tool. The researchers came to the conclusion based on a series of studies. They selected two groups of several dozen youngsters. One was a set of babies aged between eight and ten months. The other was a group of toddlers aged between 16 and 18 months. Each infant was shown a video of an adult

4、 interacting with a puppet （木偶）, followed by another video of that puppet in trouble while the same adult, and also a stranger, looked on. When the interaction in the first video appeared to involve the sharing of saliva-puppet and adult taking constant bites from an orange in turn-both sets of infa

5、nts looked mainly at that same adult in the second video, and not the stranger. When the interaction in the first video was friendly but less thick, such as passing a ball back and forth, the infants had equal expectations of both adults when shown the second video. The conclusion was reconfirmed by

6、 subsequently replacing the puppet with a different one and repeating the second test. In this case the children showed no consistent expectation about which adult would intervene to relieve the puppets trouble. Conducting her experiment by video enabled Dr. Thomas to cast her search for trial parti

7、cipants beyond Massachusetts. She nevertheless decided, in this first instance, to limit things to the United States. Future runs, she hopes, will reach beyond that countrys borders. 1. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Adults identifying human relations. B. Childrens l

8、earning interpersonal rules. C. Babies getting to know new things around them. D. Infants recognizing relationships between people. 2. Which can best describe the research process?A. Well-designed. B. Time-consuming. C. Tightly-scheduled. D. Risk-taking. 3. What can the tests illustrate?A. Infants t

9、end to believe in adults blindly. B. Saliva-sharing is indicative of closeness. C. Infants are competent to show sympathy. D. Saliva-sharing acts as a comfort for infants. 4. What was Dr. Thomass expectation for the future tests?A. An extension of age group. B. More advanced equipment. C. A broader

10、regional coverage. D. Diverse experimental methods. 二Urban sprawl (无序扩张) means a pattern of poorly-planned development stretching away from an urban center. This trend of outward growth became common in the United States after World War II when people started leaving heavily-populated cities for new

11、 suburbs.The rise of the suburbs led to small communities connected by roads and dependent on cars. This trend generally comes with unfavorable environmental and social impacts, including traffic jams, air pollution, loss of forest and agricultural land and communities that are more segregated (隔离的)

12、 by race and class.As suburban neighborhoods multiplied, public transportation failed to keep up. Instead, transportation in the suburbs centered around road construction for the use of cars rather than connecting neighborhoods with bus and rail systems or providing alternative options like cycling

13、lanes and pedestrian paths.Not everyone had an equal shot at the American suburban dream. Suburban communities were generally whiter and wealthier, while people of color were often stuck in urban centers.As more land is taken up by housing, roads, and shopping centers, critical wildlife habitat is d

14、estroyed. This change can lead to a decrease in biodiversity. In addition, loss of open space contributes to declining air and water quality.In the 1950s people became aware of negative impacts of urban sprawl. Over time, citizens and local governments sought to address those concerns. In the 1970s.

15、 Portland, Oregon became one of the first cities to apply smart growth strategies. The city concentrated on population growth in the urban center rather than expanding suburbs. Today, it reflects many smart growth principles; diverse housing options, plentiful greenspace, mixed-use developments, pre

16、servation of ecologically important areas, and multiple transportation options.Today, cities around the world are adopting these principles to deal with pollution and climate change, conserve open space, energy and other natural resources, and generally improve the well-being of citizens.1. What doe

17、s urban sprawl lead to?A. Economic growth.B. Rise of population in the suburbs.C. Environmental improvements.D. Better connected neighborhoods.2. What transportation do the suburban neighborhoods communities mainly depend on?A Buses.B. Cars.C. Rail systems.D. Bicycles.3. Whats the authors attitude t

18、owards urban sprawl?A. Supportive.B. Skeptical.C. Indifferent.D. Disapproving.4. Why is Portland mentioned in Paragraph 6?A. To explain one of the smart growth principles.B. To show the importance of preserving natural resources.C. To give an example of how peoples concerns are addressed.D. To provi

19、de evidence of negative impacts of losing biodiversity.三People are divided into those who can jump out of bed each morning and those who need several hours to wake up. I have hated getting up early all my life. The moment the alarm goes off in the morning, I feel sick. Nights, though, are different;

20、 Ill happily stay up and Ill do anything to escape an early start.This makes me an owl, but I know many lark who insist that dawn is the best part of the day. While I go to work sleepy, they have been up for hours and even seem cheerful about it. But it is wrong to say that society is exactly divide

21、d into larks and owls.Surveys that explore what time of day people prefer to do activities show that only 20% of adults ate true larks or owls. That leaves 80% of ushalf of which lean towards one direction or the other, the other half are neither.Schools and work often start very early, and theres a

22、 sense of love for getting up early while owls are simply slovenly. But no one suggests that larks are lazy for having an early night while owls are working.Fortunately, science is on my side. Im not sleeping my life away or missing the best part of the day. Im behaving according to my genes. Resear

23、chers have found that ones chronotype is largely genetic. So it seems that when I try to get up early I am fighting my genes. With the help of an alarm clock I can force myself to get up early. But as soon as I fail to set the alarm my genes will return me to my old ways.1. What do we know about the

24、 surveys mentioned in the passage?A. 20% of adults are true larks.B. 40% of adults are neither larks nor owls.C. Half of people seem to be owls.D. People can only be divided into larks and owls.2. The underlined word slovenly in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by _.A. lazyB. boredC. tiredD. stupid3

25、. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. What helps us fall asleep.B. How much sleep we need.C. What makes people owls or larks.D. How to change ones sleep pattern.四Lets do some sleep math. You lost two hours of sleep every night last week because of a big project due on Friday. On Saturday and

26、Sunday, you slept in, getting four extra hours. On Monday morning, you were feeling so bright-eyed, and you only had one cup of coffee, instead of your usual two. But dont be cheated by your energy: Youre still carrying around a heavy load of sleepiness, or what experts call sleep debt - in this cas

27、e something like six hours, almost a full nights sleep.Sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should be getting and the amount you actually get. Its a deficit (赤字) that grows every time we skim some extra minutes off our nightly sleep. People accumulate（积累）sleep debt gradually

28、without being noticed, says psychiatrist William C. Dement, founder of the Stanford University Sleep Research Centre. Studies show that such short-term lack of sleep leads to a foggy brain, worsened vision, and trouble remembering. Long-term effects include obesity and heart disease. A survey by the

29、 National Sleep Foundation reports that were losing one hour of sleep each night - more than two full weeks of sleep each year.The good news is that, like all debts, with some work, sleep debt can be repaid. Adding an extra hour or two of sleep a night is the way to catch up on sleep debt. For the l

30、ong-term lack of sleep, take it easy for a few months to get back into a natural sleep pattern. Go to bed when you are tired, and allow your body to wake you in the morning (no alarm clock allowed). You may find yourself catatonic (有紧张感的) in the beginning of the recovery cycle: Expect to have ten ho

31、urs shut-eye per night. As the days pass, however, the amount of sleeping time will gradually decrease.So earn back that lost sleep - and follow the orders of your inner sleep needs, and youll feel better. When you put away sleep debt, you become superman, says Stanfords Dement, talking about the im

32、proved mental and physical abilities that come with being well rested.1. The example of sleep math is used to show .A. in what case you build up a sleep debtB. why you need six hours sleep every nightC. why you are full of energy even when lacking sleepD. in what case you should drink coffee to keep

33、 energetic2. The author begins Paragraph 2 with .A. an example B. a definition（定义） C. an argument D. a discussion3. By saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, Dement means . .A. you can get enough sleep with the supermans helpB. you can achieve your goals with a sleep debtC. you will b

34、e in a good state with enough sleepD. you will be clever if you accumulate sleep debt4. What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. How Can You Keep Energetic?B. Can You Have a Good Sleep?C. What Is Sleep Debt?D. Can You Catch up on Sleep Debt? 五Its become an accepted part of keeping up to

35、 date with extended family and friends, but if schoolchildren were in their parents shoes, the majority wouldnt share posts of their sons and daughters online. Over 55% said they would not upload news about, or images of, their children to their social media feeds, according to survey of over 16,000

36、 pupils by Votes for Schools.While some were concerned about being embarrassed or the longevity of content which could remain online indefinitely, others expressed concern about their personal data being compromised. One of the pupils surveyed said, “Although our parents mean well, sometimes the con

37、sequence of a post can be disastrous.”In response to the survey, childrens mental health charity Place2Be and law firm Mishcon de Reya have produced three films ahead of the Christmas holidays the best period for parental oversharing.In one video, about safety online, 10-year-old Adavan said, “If yo

38、u share anything with your family, you know whos going to see it. But if you share it publicly, there are millions of people who can see your picture.”Joe Hancock, a security lead at Mishcon de Reya, encouraged parents to share wisely. “Simple steps, such as checking your privacy settings and asking

39、 others not to share content of your children on their accounts if they have not updated their privacy settings, are a good start. And, as we found out from the children during filming, having their permission is key,” he said.The study marks a shift away from the usual debate about teaching childre

40、n to use the Internet safely. Sandra Davis, head of the law firms family department, said, “Children are the experts on the real and immediate impact of sharenting（晒娃） the full extent of which we cannot know yet. We must ensure we listen to children and take their views into consideration now in ord

41、er to avoid any unintended consequences further down the line.”1.Whats most pupils attitude towards sharing posts about children?A. Skeptical. B. Unconcerned. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?A. Summarize the previous paragraph.B. Provide some advice for p

42、arents.C. Predict the consequence of sharing posts.D. Give reasons for the result of the survey.3.What should parents first pay attention to according to Joe Hancock?A. Safety. B. Consequence. C. Wisdom. D. Health.4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Parents should take childrens opinions

43、into account.B. Parents should teach children to use the Internet safely.C. Children must make sure to listen to their parents.D. Children should avoid unintended consequences of sharenting. 六Etymology, the study of words and word roots, may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in

44、small, dusty rooms. Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job. They are in many ways just like archaeologists(考古学家) digging up the physical history of people and events. The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history, so to speak, through the words and phrases that are le

45、ft behind.The English language, in particular, is a great field to explore history through words. As a language, English has an extraordinary number of words. This is partly due to its ability to adapt foreign words so readily. For example, “English” words such as kindergarten(from German), croissan

46、t(from French)，and cheetah(from Hindi) have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings. So Englishlanguage etymologists have a vast world of words to explore.Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries(谜).

47、 No, etymologists do not go around solving murders, like the great detective Sherlock Holmes. What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words.One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK. Though it

48、is one of the most commonly used expressions, its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day. Even its spelling is not entirely consistentunless you spell it Okay, it is hard even to call it a word.Etymologists have been able to narrow OKs origin down to a likely, although not certain, source. It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Burens run for president in 1840. His nickname was Old Kinderhook. What troubles word experts about