非谓语动词学案--高考英语三轮冲刺 .docx

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1、-高中英语语法-非谓语动词-非谓语动词非谓语动词的种类：_非谓语动词的形式：现在分词分词一般式被动式完成式完成被动式形式动词不定式不定式一般式被动进行完成完成式的被动形式非谓语动词作状语：考点一 过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；其逻辑主语通常就是_，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在动宾关系。1) _（give）the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars

2、. 2) _(bite)twice by our dog, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.3) Greatly _(move) by the film, they all cried. 4) The trainer appeared, _(follow) by six little dogs. 1)._（see）from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2)._(influence

3、) by the growing interest in nature, more and more people enjoy outdoor sports. 3)_(bury) in wet sand，the vegetables can remain fresh for a long time.4). _(remind) not to miss the flight at 15:30, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 5). _(encourage) by the advances in technology, many fa

4、rmers have set up wind farms on their land. 考点二 现在分词作状语1.现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，这时该动词与句子的主语之间往往存在主动关系。1） _(walk) in the street, I met him. (时间）2) _(work) hard, you will succeed. （条件）【区别】_(work) hard , and you will succeed.3) Not _(know) his name, I found it hard to find him.（原因） 4) _(fail) many times

5、, he didnt lose heart.（让步） 5) His uncle died, _(leave) him a lot of money. （结果）6). Please answer the question _(use) another way. （方式）7). They came into the room, _(talk) and _(laugh).（伴随）8)_(not receive) a reply，he decided to write again. 9)The old man，_(work) abroad for twenty years，came back to h

6、is motherland.10)She is afraid of _(take) to the public. 2有一些固定结构，如：generally speaking，according to，judging from/by, compared with/to等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。_(一般来说)，children like playing in the fields. _(由判断)what he said，he must be an honest man.1).He had a wonderful childhood，_（travel）with his mother to

7、 all corners of the world.2)._(look) at my classmates faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.3).Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _(send) supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.4）_(tell) many times, he finally understood it. 5). _(not realize) that he was

8、 in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. 6) _(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.7) _(show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. 8) _(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had

9、left the cheque in the car. 考点三 不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。_(be) a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best._(finish) the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.2不定式用于：so+ as to do .；such+名词as to do；形容

10、词/副词+enough to do .；too+形容词/副词+to do；only to do sth(only to be done)等结构中往往用来作结果状语。He hurried to the booking office only _(tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. 注意不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的或不愿看到的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。His parents died，_(leave) him an orphan. 3不定式与形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状

11、语。这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。Im very glad _(hear)the news. 1).With Fathers Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _(buy) presents for my dad.2).There were many talented actors out there just waiting _(discover).3).We wer

12、e astonished _(find) the temple still in its original condition.注意：非谓语动词作状语时，某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，stationed (驻扎)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们与句子的主语是什么关系，一律用过去分词形式。这些动词可以归纳为”使“动词。be lost in ; be sea

13、ted; be absorbed in; be dressed in; be tired of; be worried about; be devoted to; be amazed at; be astonished to do; be bored to do; annoy, amuse, alarm, astonish, bore, bother, brighten, comfort, confuse, convince, discourage, depress, disturb, disappoint, discomfort, disgust, embarrass, encourage,

14、 excite, exhaust, entertain, frighten, fascinate, interest, inspire, move, puzzle, please, panic/ panicked/ panicking, relax, satisfy, scare, surprise, shock, terrify, tire, touch, threaten, thrill, upset, worry. 总结：1.非谓语动词作状语一般情况下考虑句子的主语和动词的关系，若主语和动词是主动（进行）关系用_； 若主语与动词是被动（完成）关系用_; 若主语和动词是将来关系用_。2.但

15、是_。非谓语动词作定语考点一 现在分词作定语现在分词(短语)作定语与_之间存在着逻 辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。1)She went on board the train _(leave)for Shanghai.2)There are two roads before us：one _(lead)to the beach，the other to the park.考点二 过去分词作定语过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。The _(develop)countries also need help from any other cou

16、ntry in the world.发达国家也需要世界上其他国家的帮助。“Things _(lose)never come again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.考点三 不定式作定语动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。The meeting _(hold) next Friday is important.区别：The meeting _(hold) now is important. The meeting _(hold) yesterday is important.1).Mrs. White showed her students some old

17、maps _(borrow) from the library.2).Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one _(repair) first is the library.3). A great number of students _(question) said they were forced to practise the piano.4). So far nobody has claimed the money _(discover) in the library.5). This is the only way w

18、e can imagine _(reduce) the overuse of water in students bathroom.6). At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _(live) in a small apartment near Boston and _(wonder) what to do about his future.7). His first book _(publish) next month is based on a true story. 8). We are invited to a party _(hold) in ou

19、r club next Friday.9). It is one of the funniest things _(find) on the Internet so far this year.非谓语动词作宾补非谓语动词做宾补的情况：感官动词：使役动词： 状态动词：考点一 过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻 辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。Ill have my house _(paint) tomorrow. When I opened the door，I found the ground _(cover) by fallen leaves.To learn

20、 English well，we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak) as much as we can.考点二 现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作，即动作过程的一部分。He saw a boy _(get) on the bus.他看见一个男孩正在上公交车。They use computers to keep the traffic _(run)smoothly. 他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。考点三 have，get表示

21、“使、让、叫”，后接三种形式作宾补。(1)have sth.doneget sth.done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)；使某人/某物遭受Mr.Smith had his house _(break)into while he was away on holiday. (2). have +sb +doing= get sb. doingThe captain got the soldiers _(move)towards the front after a short rest. 注意have sb.doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。I wont have y

22、ou _(speak)to your dad like that. (3).have sb. do sth= get sb. to do sth 让某人干某事Mother had me _(go)to the shop and buy some salt.= Mother got me _(go) to the shop and buy some salt.1).Alexander tried to get his work _(recognize) in the medical circles.2).Listen! Do you hear someone _(call) for help?3

23、).Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers _(send) to her mother on her birthday.4).Its wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt _(protect) with him.非谓语动词作宾语1.常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)。advise(建议)，admit(承认)，appreciate(感激)，avoid(避免)，cant help (禁不住)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，enjoy(欣赏)，escape(逃脱)，finish(完成)，

24、imagine(想象)，keep (on) (继续)，mind(介意)，practice(练习)，suggest(建议)，miss(错过)，feel like(意欲)，devote.to(把献给)，get used to(习惯于)， look forward to(期望)，object to(反对)，set about(开 始)，put off(推迟)等。The doctor advised _(take) more exercise. I suggested _(do) it in a different way. 2常接不定式作宾语的动词。afford(负担得起)，agree(同意)，de

25、cide(决定)，determine(决定)，expect(期望)，hope(希望)，manage(设法)，refuse(拒绝)，want(想)，wish(希望)，offer(提供)，pretend(假装)，promise(许诺)，choose(选择)，fail(失败)，long(渴望)等。3可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别不大的动词。begin(开始)，continue(继续)，like(喜欢)，love(喜爱)，prefer(宁愿)，start(开始)，hate(讨厌)等。4. 可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾语，但是意义区别很大的动词。forget，try, regret, go

26、on, remember, mean等。5动词want，need，require意为“需要”时，后面跟动名词主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。The flowers need/want/require _(water). 这些花需要浇水。6在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则应构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit名词/代词动词不定式(作宾语补足语)”。We dont allow _(smoke) here. We dont allow anyone _( smoke) here. 1). I

27、had great difficulty _(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.2). I still remember _(take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.3). To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak) as much as we can. 4). My parents have always made me _(feel) good abou

28、t myself, even when I was twelve. 非谓语动词作表语1. 现在分词和过去分词作表语时，它们大多是已经形容词化的现在分词和过去分词。例如：interestinginterested; excitingexcited; disappointingdisappointed;等。这类现在分词作表语时，一般是物作主语；而过去分词作表语时，则一般是人作主语。1）The story sounds _(interest).2）She is _(interest) in the _(interest) story. 2. 动词不定式作表语时往往表示暂时性的动作或者具体的一次动作。

29、My job is _(clean) the house three times a day._(go) swimming is my plan.My plan is _(go) swimming.非谓语动词在独立主格结构中的应用区别填空：1) My mother _(cook) and my father was reading.2)My mother _(cook), my father was reading.3)My mother _(cook). My Father was reading.分词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，当分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致，但有时它也可以有

30、自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这时的句子结构称为独立主格结构。1独立主格结构的基本形式。(1)名词/主格代词现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。The girl _(stare) at him(As the girl stared at him)，he didnt know what to say.(2)名词/主格代词过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。The problems _(solve) (As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved. (3)名词/主格代词不定式名词/主格代词与不

31、定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的将来的动作。He is going to make a model plane，some old parts _(help).借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。2非谓语动词在with复合结构中的用法。在“with宾语补语”这一独立主格结构中，宾语和宾补的关系如果是主动关系，则宾补该用ving分词；若宾语和补语之间的关系是动宾关系，则宾补该用ved分词；若宾补所表示的动作有将来的意味，则宾补该用不定式形式。(1)with宾语ving分词(2)with宾语ved分词(3)with宾语不定式With so many people _(look) at h

32、er，she felt nervous. With so much work _(do)，I cant go swimming with you. With their work _(finish)，they went home. 1).The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _ (lay) for a meal to be cooked.2).John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _(finish), he gladly accept

33、ed it. 3). - Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. - Sorry. With so much work _(fill) my mind, I almost break down.4). The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _(finish) for the day. 练习题：1._(compare)with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not

34、seem high at all.2. _(build) from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.3.Tom pretended _(write) something when his mother came in.4. I would love _(go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.5. He reached the station, tired,

35、 only _(learn) that the train had left 5 minutes ago.6. The supermarket _(complete) next month will be the biggest one in the city.7. When _(expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, _(feel)Nervous or anxious.8. Volunteering gives you a chance _(change) lives, including yo

36、ur own.9. The tall building _(build) in the center of this area now will be used as a 5-star hotel.10. President Xi Jinping emphasizes again that great attention must be paid to _(develop) welfare, especially in the poor area.11. We, _(hold) a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the prob

37、lem better.12. The manager listened to the customers complaints attentively with great patience, _(try) not to miss any point.13. We hurried all the way to the airport, only _(tell) that the flight had been canceled because of the foggy weather.14. Many people are taking part in various TV programs _(achieve) overnight success. 5_学科网（北京）股份有限公司