高一英语暑假提前学学案.docx

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1、高一英语暑假提前学（1）阅读理解试题分析I 细节理解题细节理解题通常针对文章中叙述的人物、事物、现象或理论等进行提问，题目难度不大，题干中一般会出现表述较为具体的关键词，考生在审题后可快速锁定关键词并在文章中寻找相应的细节描述。有时候，虽然题干中提供了关键词，但通过题目的提问方式我们会发现，简单地回文搜索关键词已不能满足做题需求。这时，通过审题来帮助我们提前决定解题方式就很有必要了。一、直接细节题此类试题是对原文直接信息的考查，考生理解字面意思答题。在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。此类试题选项多采用原文中的信息直接进行考查，不需要考生进

2、行推断。做题时，考生可以在文章中找到与答案有关的直接信息。此类试题一般不会涉及全文的主旨，考生只要把选项内容与原文内容认真对比即可确定答案。广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等类别的文章，常涉及直接细节题。常见的设题方式有：Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned?Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.?Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of/relation

3、ship of.?The author mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT二、间接细节题需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理才能得出答案此类试题介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间。四个选项不出现原文中的直接信息，考生需借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行变换，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别。常见的设题方式有：According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why how/how many/how much/how lon

4、g/ how soon/ how often?What does the writer pay the least attention to?The author/passage does not tell us Which of the following does not explain?II 主旨要义题主旨大意题主要考查考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理地归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。该类题目是高考中的难点之一，也是区分度较大的题目。主要考查：最佳标题；概括文章的中心思想；段落大意。此类题正确选项的特点：通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词；能概括文章（或段落）的

5、全部内容。干扰项的特点：以偏概全；选项过于笼统；选项内容是命题者杜撰的；选项与主题无关。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都永远把主旨大意题作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。一、明确主旨要义类题目的常用命题形式1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that2.The passage is mainly about3.The best title/headline for this passage is4.The topic/subje

6、ct discussed in this passage5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?二、如何找主题句段落的主题通常由被称为主题句的句子来表示。主题句通常是段落的第

7、一句或末尾一句，偶尔在段落中间。在非故事性文章中，主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句，而是把主题隐含在段意之中。有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词，常见的信息词有for example，an example of，the most important example，first，second，next，then，last，finally，to begin with，also，besides hat等。在阅读中，应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从某段落中的 for example可以断定上一句是主题句。如果无明显的信息词，可先假设第一句为主题句，在第二句前面添加一个 for exampl

8、e，看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句话，如果第二句不能支撑第一句话，便在其他地方找出主题句。三、如何略读归纳中心思想略读是概括和归纳段落中心思想的手段。略读是指人们以可能达到的最快速度所做的阅读。略读的技巧如下：1.顺行快速向前移动眼睛，千万不要停顿或复视。2.把注意力集中在关键词上。关键词都是实词，如名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词等。介词、冠词、连接词、语气词、代词（一般性的代词）以及助动词和情态动词等都不是关键词3.将关键词扩大为能够表达概念的词组，即语意群，按语意群进行阅读。4.遇到生词尽量猜，猜不出的生词可跳过去。5.首先对关键词进行数量上的加工，筛选出最能表达作者意图的关键词及其概念。然

9、后对这些概念进行质的加工，即对已产生的概念重新在头脑中编码，以确定作者在文章中表达的真正意图（中心思想）。6.初次练习时，可将关键词画出来。待读完一遍之后，回过头来将所画的关键词再看一遍。练习一段时间以后，不要再把关键词画出来，在阅读过程中尽量用脑子记下来。四、如何拟标题有明确主题句的段落标题的拟定方式是：以表示主题的词为核心，把它与表示控制概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为能高度概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。五、怎样去找文章的中心或主题通读全文，抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。对于答案的选择，要看所给内

10、容是否真正能概括全文中心，那些只能概括部分内容或只呈现文中具体某点的选项要首先排除，当然，与文章毫不相关的选项更能轻松排除。六、应注意的问题1.仔细审题，看好范围。搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的中心思想。正确选项的特点是：一般不出现细节信息；不含过于肯定或绝对的词语。2.使用略读，迅速将全段或全文浏览一遍。在阅读中，应尽量利用有关信息词确定主题句的位置，比如在for example，first，second等之前的句子中或在 all in al，above all之后的句子中寻找并确定。3.特别注意全文或所问段落的首句和尾句，因为它们常常是主旨要义的体现。段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句；作者

11、有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨；首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答通常就是文章主旨；同时还要注意那些提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore，thus，but，however，in short 等。4.进行分析概括，准确找出主旨要义。对于主题隐含的段落，要先弄清问题的意思，然后快速通读文章，逐项排除最终确定答案。5.作者的写作目的通常有三种：娱乐读者；说服读者接受某种观点；告知读者某些信息。考生应在理解全文的基础上领会作者意图。6.标题的选择要在阅读原文的基础上仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系，对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，避免以下三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代替整体

12、）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实或细节代替抽象概括的大意。第一部分 阅读理解第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASummer Camp Jobs Looking to have the best summer experience ever? Our camps employ staff(员工) for a number of roles, including camp counsellors(顾问),sports specialists, and arts, theatre and outdoor adventure specialists

13、. It would be better if you have any experience in working with children! JCUSA(Jewish Camps USA) will work with you to find the most suitable role and camp for you. What you are going to do This is a job like no other; we personally get to know you and our most important thing is to make sure that

14、you go to a camp that suits you best. The right overnight camp: You can select this kind of camp to have a start. Dont worry. You will feel comfortable and right at home. The correct role: At camps there are many different roles and we will decide together from your application and interview what wi

15、ll suit you best. We will look into your previous experiences and focus on what you need for your future to give you the chance to do something you love every day. Ready for camping: You will have specific training for your role at the camp so you will be fully prepared for your job. You will be par

16、t of a group to go to camp and will know everyone before going. What we offer You will get paid in your first year between $1,650 and $2,400. The salary is based upon the completion of your camp task. You will get a chance to go with a group of JCUSA staff and meet them before you arrive at your own

17、 camp. You will travel around the USA for up to 60 days! What we ask You need to finish high school and must be 18 by 2021. You are energetic, outgoing and looking for a cultural summer experience. You do not need to be Jewish to apply to work at a Jewish summer camp.1.Which of the following is an a

18、dvantage for an applicant to get the job?A.Having a night job.B.Working with kids.C.Studying abroad.D.Being a gardener.2.What will the new staff get?A.A new specific training card.B.A salary of more than $2,400 a month.C.A chance to travel around the world for 60 days.D.A chance to work with a group

19、 of JCUSA staff.3.Which is unnecessary for the new staff?A.They must be 18 or older by 2021.B.They should graduate from high school.C.They need to be Jewish for a Jewish summer ramp.D.They should be outgoing and willing to camp.B Climate change leads to a threat to the worlds sandy beaches, and as m

20、any as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀). Using updated sea level rise predictions, the researchers analyzed how beaches around the world would be in the

21、 future with higher seas and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beachs health. The study found that the sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and

22、that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the worlds beaches are likely to be. Its hard to overstate just how important the worlds beaches are. They cover more than one third of the worlds coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches

23、are also the important economic engine, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around (以为中心) the beach for much of the year. Some of the worlds most popular beaches

24、are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up(修补) the badly eroded shoreline, while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are hug

25、e, and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle. However, the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the worlds beaches. If the worlds governments are able to stick to modest cuts in heat-tr

26、apping gas pollution, the researchers found that a lot of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented.1.Which may be the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion?A.Damaging storms.B.Wave erosion.C.Coastal buildings.D.The sea level rise.2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A.It is hard to pr

27、otect coastal beaches.B.One third of storms break near beaches.C.Beaches are of great significance to human life.D.Most Australians live on beach tourism.3.What does the underlined word this refer to in Paragraph 4?A.Popularizing the beaches.B.Holding sand in place.C.Reducing the projects costs.D.St

28、opping global warming.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Half beaches could disappear by 2100B.Climate change is doing harm to human lifeC.The beach is more than a vacation destinationD.Governments are taking action to fight wave erosionC Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it

29、 will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial(空间的) skills

30、. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children w

31、ho play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes, Levine said in a statement. The pa

32、rents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills

33、. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzl

34、e play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?A.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C.Parents education.D.Child-parent relationship.3.How do boys differ from girls

35、 in puzzle play?A.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4.What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist.D.A teaching prog

36、ram.D Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes (基因) and chromosomes (染色体). Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was

37、 an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college s

38、tudents wanted to study genetics. Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell.She completed a masters degree in 1925. Two years later, she f

39、inished all her requirements for a doctorate. McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the Great Depression. Millions of Americans were unem

40、ployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand. An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock s

41、tarted a temporary (临时的) job in the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for economic aid. By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everythi

42、ng from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.1.When did McClintock receive her doctorate?

43、A.In 1921.B.In 1923.C.In 1925.D.In 1927.2.What happened during the Great Depression in the US?A.Young female scientists might have trouble finding a job.B.Female geneticists were not wanted at all.C.Male geneticists were in great demand.D.Even great scientists were out of work.3.Why was McClintock a

44、warded the Nobel Prize?A.Because of her research on botany.B.Because of her discoveries about genes and chromosomes.C.Because of her contribution to genetic engineering.D.Because of her unshared work in the laboratory.4.Where is the passage likely to appear?A.In a philosophy textbook.B.In a history

45、paper.C.In a travel brochure.D.In a biography.第二节 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Nature soothes(抚慰) our stressed-out souls. We know that nature is the best treatment, and new research suggests we can gain benefits while visiting parks._ The study published in the International Jour

46、nal of Environmental Health Research found that spending 20 minutes in a city park can make you happier, whether you use that time to exercise or not. In general, we found park visitors reported having an improvement in emotional well-being(健康) after the park visit, the studys lead author, Professor

47、 Hon K. Yuen at the University of Alabama at Birmingham said in a statement._ Instead, we found time spent in the park is related to improved emotional well-being. For the study, 94 adults visited three city parks in Mountain Brook, Alabama, completing a questionnaire about their subjective well-bei

48、ng before and after their visits._ A visit of between 20 and 25 minutes showed the best results, with an increase of about 64% in the participants self-reported well-being, even if they didnt move a great deal in the park. _ The study group was truly small, as the studys co-author and another UAB professor, Gavin Jenkins, admitted._ Th