膨润土改性处理重金属废水试验研究-杨学朝.docx
《膨润土改性处理重金属废水试验研究-杨学朝.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《膨润土改性处理重金属废水试验研究-杨学朝.docx(57页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、西安科技大学 硕士学位论文 膨润土改性处理重金属废水试验研究 姓名:杨学朝 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:环境工程 指导教师:郑重 20090530 论文题目:膨润土改性处理重金属废水试验研究 专业:环境工程 研 究 生 : 杨 学 朝 指导教师:郑重 (签名 摘要 膨润土是我国资源丰富的一种粘土矿物,具有独特的层状结构和很强的吸附能力。 改性处理后其物化性能得到很大程度提高,可有效吸附水溶液中的重金属离子、有机物 等污染物质。膨润土应用于废水处理,具有操作简便、效果好、成本低廉等优势。本文 首先对天然膨润土进行了提纯试验,讨论了最佳提纯参数;而后对提纯膨润土进行了微 波和钠化改性试验,分别讨论了
2、其最佳改性参数,并对改性结果进行了分析;最后对天 然膨润土和改性膨润土吸附废水中重金属 Crt Cr3 和 Ni2+的影响因素进行了系统研究, 确定了膨润土吸附重金属废水的最佳条件,并探讨了吸附机理。本文还利用 X射线衍射 分析和电子扫描电镜分析等手段对天然土、提纯土和改性土进行了测试,分析了其基本 物化性能。 试验用膨润土为陕西洋县天然钙基土,该地区膨润土资源储量大 ( 近亿吨 ),易开 采。通过试验得出了对其提 纯的最佳参数,矿浆质量分数 15%,分散剂用量 0.2%, pH 7.0。 两种改性土的最佳制备条件,微波改性土为:功率 800W条件下微波活化 7min;钠化改 性土为:微波加热
3、时间 3.5min, 乙醇用量 Vzjf/mj: 为 7mL/g,钠化剂用量 为 25/4。 对重金属离子的吸附效果对比表明,改性土的吸附效果明显优于天然土。吸附 Cr 最佳条 件 : 为 10mg/g,振荡吸附 20min, pH为 7.0, Cf的去除率可由天然 土的 80.5%提高到 98.5%以上,剩余浓度 1.5mg/L;吸附 Ni2+废水的最佳条件为 : nWm 糊土为 10mg/g,振荡吸附 15min, pH7.0, Ni2+的去除率由天然土的 78.0%提高到 99.0%, 浓度 1.0mg/L。 经振荡吸附后, C#和 Ni2+的剩余浓度都达到(污水综合排放标准 ) GB8
4、978-1996 级排放要求。无论是天然土还是改性土对 Cr6+的吸附效果都不理想,这 是因为 Cr6+在水中以 Cr2072 阴离子形式存在,与硅氧负电结构发生相斥现象。经硫酸亚 铁还原后 C, 的去除率有明显提高,但仍略低于 Cr3 的去除率。天然土和改性土吸附废 水中重金属离子的性能和机理研究结果表明,膨润土对水中 Cl3 和 Ni2+的吸附既符合 Langmuir吸附等温方程也符合 Freundlich吸附等温方程。 研究结果对利用膨润土吸附性能处理重金属的废水有一定的理论和实践意义,同时 为开发洋县膨润土资源提供了理论数据,开拓了一条应用途径。 关键词:膨润土 ; 重金属废水;改性;
5、吸附机理。 研究类型:应用型 Subject : Study on the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ion from Wastewater by Modified Bentonite Specialty : Environmental Engineering Name : Yang Xuechao Instructor: Zheng Zhong ABSTRACT Bentonite is a kind of clay mineral that is abundant in our country. It has unique samdwich structure a
6、nd powerful adsorption ability. Modification of bentonite can improve its adsorption ability greatly and so makes it adsorb the contaminants such as heavy metal ions and organic substances in wastewater more effectively. Bentonite has lots of advantages in the treatment of wastewater, such as simple
7、 process, high efficiency and low cost. The methods of purification of raw bentonite were investigated and the optimized parameters were discussed. The experiment of modifying bentonite have been done, and the optimized parameters were also discussed. The factors that affect the adsorption of heavy
8、metal ion from the wastewater on bentonite were systematically studied and the best conditions for treatment were determined by experiments. The adsorption mechanism of heavy metal ion on the modified bentonite was discussed. This article studied the raw bentonite by means of XRD and SEM, refined it
9、, determined its basic physicochemical properties, and made modification experiment on it. The bentonite used in the experiments was the Ca-bentonite produced in Yangxian, Shanxi. Bentonite in the region is large reserves (nearly 100 million tons) and easy-mining. It was found that (NaP 3)6 solution
10、 is the best dispersing agent for the purification of bentonite. The optimum concentration of bentonite is 15%, and the optimum concentration of (NaP03)6 (Signature)- (Signature)- XUZCIUCD 1 condition of m(trivalent chromium)/ m(bentonite) is lOmg/g and oscillation Adsorbable time is 20min with the
11、pH value 7.0.The removal rate of Cr3-1- can be changed form 80.5% of raw bentonite up to above 98.5% of modified bentonite with the concentration of Cr3“*“ below 1.5mg/L While, The optimum adsorbable conditions of m(nickel)/ m(bentonite) is lOmg/g and oscillation adsorbable time is 15min with the pH
12、 value 7.0. The removal rate of Ni2+ can be changed form 78.0% of raw bentonite up to above 99.0% of modified bentonite with the concentration of 1+ below 1 .Omg/L. After oscillation absorption by both modified bentonite, the remained concentration of Cr3“1“ and Ni2+ both reach the first level of “I
13、ntegrated Wastewater Discharge Standard“ GB8978-1996. Whether the raw bentonite or modified bentonite was not ideal for the adsorption of Cr. The reason might be that Cr is existed as Cr2 72 in water, and aluminium oxygen structure is negatively charged itself, so repulsion phenomenon happened. The
14、properties and mechanisms for bentonite to adsorb heavy metal ion from waste water were investigated in detail. Data of linear regression indicates that the adsorbing process fits both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The above findings have certain theoretical and practical significances for u
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 土改 处理 重金属 废水 试验 研究 杨学朝
限制150内