第一讲句子成分简析-初高中英语衔接课学案.doc

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1、第一讲 句子成分简析考纲要求l 学生能够了解句子有哪些成分，l 学生通过划分句子成分分析所使用的单词的词性及正确形式。知识点梳理一、什么叫句子成分呢?定义：句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。二分析以下句子分别体会句子成分1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。如：1. The sun rises in the east. (名词)2. He likes dancing. (代词)3. Twenty years is a short time in histo

2、ry. (数词)4. Seeing is believing. (动名词)5. To see is to believe. (不定式)6. What he needs is a book. (主语从句)7. It is very important that we should learn English well. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。1. Mother bought me a VCR. 妈妈给我买了一台录像机。2. We have finished our work already. 我们已经

3、完成了工作。3. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词介词等之后。1. He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。2. She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。1)动作的承受者动宾1. I like China. (名词)2. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)3. I hope to see you again. (不定式)4. Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介宾介词后的名词、代词和动名词1. Are you afraid of the

4、snake?2. Under the snow, there are many rocks3) 双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)1. He gave me a book yesterday.2. Give the poor man some money.4. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如：1. Be careful! 小心!2. He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。3. His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。

5、5. 定语： 定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语.1. The black bike is mine.2. Whats your name? A broken vase.3. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.Exercise: 找出下列句子中的定语Li Hua is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend. We belong to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy b

6、oy a lesson.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. The boys playing football are in Cla2. The trees planted last year are growing well now. You should do everything that I do. 6. 状语：状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度。一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当.1. He did it carefully. 2.In orde

7、r to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.3.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.7. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。1. He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。2. Ive never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。3. I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。Exercise: 找出下列句子中的状语1

8、. We elected him monitor. (名词)2. We will make them happy. (形容词)3. He went to sleep with the light on. (副词)4. Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)5. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)6. Since you are hungry, why did you leave the lunch untouched? (过去分词)7. He went to sleep

9、 with the light burning. (现在分词)8、主补：对主语的补充。1. He was elected monitor.2. She was found singing in the next room.3. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.课后巩固练习 Practice I. 让我们来划分句子成分吧1. Peoples living standards are going up steadily.2. The nursery takes good care of our children.3. I have a l

10、ot of work to do.II. 2016 辽宁高考英语试卷-语法填空1. so you will feel a real sense of _(achieve).2. Recent_ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short break _(regular).III.丰富句子英语写作中，我们可以在简单句的基础上，可以加上一些修饰成分使句子变得更复杂，表达更丰富的内容。如：English is very easy to learn.-_ 答案与解析I.1. Peoples living s

11、tandards are going up steadily .定语 定语 主语 谓语 状语2.The nursery takes good care of our children .主语 谓语 定语 宾语3.I have a lot of work to do.主语谓语 定语 宾语 后置定语 II.1. achievement 解析：作介词of 的宾语2. studies; regularly解析： 根据谓语动词的复数形式判断主语为复数studies. regularly作take break的状语III. In fact, it is very important to learn English because it is widely used.学科网（北京）股份有限公司