Unit 2 Grammar and usage 讲义--高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册.docx

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1、Grammar简单句，并列句和主从复合句一、 简单句：简单句由一个含有主谓结构的独立句子构成。只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 Jimmy likes travelling and often takes photos wherever he goes.55 主语 并列谓语二、 并列句：有并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成的句子。在并列句中，各个简单句叫做并列句。并列句由并列连词and，but，or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.1. 平行并列句（表示两个同等概念），常用and，bothand, notonly

2、. but also.， as well as，then等连接。TheteachersnameisSmith，andthestudentsnameis John.Henotonlystolemymoney，buthealsotookmywatch away.2. 选择并列句，常用的连词有or，either.or.，neither.nor.等。Hurryup，oryoullmissthetrain.Either you come to my house or I go to yours.3. 转折并列句，常用的连词有but，yet, however，while, rather than等。 I

3、had some medicine, but so far it hasnt done much good. Generally, butterflies are seen in the daytime, while moths(蛾子) are seen in the dark. Last night, Tom went to see a film rather than stayed at home.4. 因果并列句（表示因果关系），常由so，for，therefore等连接。 He didnt attend the meeting for he was ill. He works hard

4、, so he has made great progress. He was the only candidate, therefore, he was selected.therefore 起到承接的作用，两侧都要加逗号。因为此词的前面和后面都是一个独立的句子三、 复合句概念：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子，叫做主从复合句。主句和从句分别有自己的主语和谓语，但从句只是主句中的一个成分，不能独立存在。根据在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句，称为英语中的三大从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。（这四种从句在复合句的作用相当于名词）

5、状语从句：主要是用来修饰主句谓语动词的，说明谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生的情况。 根据作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、让步和比较状语从句时间状语从句：I found a wallet when I was walking in the street.地点状语从句：Make marks where you have questions.原因状语从句：He was absent from school because he was ill.条件状语从句：If you heat water, it will become vapour. vep(r) n.水蒸气方式状语从句：

6、Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?目的状语从句：Lets take the front seats in order that we can see more clearly.结果状语从句：He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.让步状语从句：Although I tried hard many times, I couldnt get through the crowd.比较状语从句：John speaks English better than Tom

7、 does.定语从句：用来修饰名词或代词的，让先行词内容更加丰满和有意义。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。She is the girl who/that often helps me.(关系代词在从句中作主语)This is the book that/which I want to find.（关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略）I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake.(whose表示所属关系，作定语。)I will never forget the day when I joined th

8、e army.(关系副词when在从句中作时间状语)He visited the farm where he had worked.(关系副词where在从句中作地点状语)She explained the reason why she was absent from the meeting.(关系副词why在从句中作原因状语)He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.(which指代整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语)名词性从句：让句子去充当一个名词的作用，用一个从句去描述一个名词所无法做到的更丰富的语义。主语从句：That he can speak English is known to all.宾语从句：I dont know whether there will be a bus any more.表语从句：His suggestion is that we should stay calm.同位语从句：I heard the news that our team had won.学科网（北京）股份有限公司