初中英语八大时态讲解及练习.doc

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1、YOUR LOGO原 创 文 档 请 勿 盗 版精品学习资料精品学习资料一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once aweek, on Sundays, etc.基本结构： be 动词；行为动词否定形式： am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesnt ，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数

2、，则用does ，同时， 还原行为动词。在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加 -s 或-es 。一、人称代词是第三人称单数。如：he, she, itHe likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。她十二点吃午餐。She has lunch at twelve.它看起来像只猫。(口诀： I 用 am ， you 用 are ，is 用于她他它，单数名It looks like a cat.词用 is ，复数名词都用are)二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如：Han Mei looks like her mother.韩

3、梅看起来像她的母亲。Beijing is in China.北京在中国。Uncle Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。This book is yours.这本书是你的。四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：Everyone is here.大家到齐了。There is

4、something wrong with the watch.这块手表有毛病。欢迎下载第 1 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。The bread is very small.那面包很小。六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如：6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。【练习】一、单选1 Jenny in an office. Her parents in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are wor

5、king D is working work2 One of the boys a black hat.A haveB there isC there areD has3 We will go shopping if it tomorrow.A dont rainB didnt rainC doesnt rainD isnt rain4 He said the sun in the east and in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei music and often to music

6、.A like; listenB likes; listensC like; are listeningD liking ;listen6 Jenny English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he ( come) to visit.2 your sister (know)English?远离 )her school.3Her home (4The pot (not look) like yours very much.5 Where you

7、(have)lunch every day?6 Who (想要)to go swimming?7 she (do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually (play) games in the afternoon .二、一般过去时：欢迎下载第 2 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in1989, jus

8、t now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般过去时的结构（可分三类不同的结构）1.Be 动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be 动词，的过去式为am iswas;are 的过去式为were肯定句式：主语其它 .+ be(was , were) +否定句式：主语其它 .+ be(was , were) + not +一般疑问句： Be(was , were) +主语+ 其它？注：在这种构成中，be 动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was / were 。 Be动词分为单数和复数，wa

9、s 是表示单数， were 是表示复数。2. 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do 和 does的过去式did.肯定句式：主语+ 动词（过去式）+ 其它否定句式：主语+ didn t +动词（原形）+ 其它【 did not = didn】t一般疑问句：主语 + 动词（原形）+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did 】？Did +注： 1.和 didn 是t构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。did实意动词do的一般过去时2.every day.( 用yesterday改写句子Ido myhomework)Idid myhome

10、workyesterday.didn t do myyesterday.( 否定句 )Ihomeworkyesterday ？ Yes ,I did.I didn一t.般( 疑问句Did youdoyourhomework/No,)3. 情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be 动词的一般过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。肯定句式：主语+ 情态动词+其它否定句式：主语+ 情态动词+ not +其它.一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+ 其它？注 ： 情 态 动 词 的 过 去 式 ：cancould,maymightmustmust，will-would，,should-should。4

11、. 特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+be 过去式+主语 + 其他？欢迎下载第 3 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语 +动词原形 +其他？特殊疑问词+do/does过去式 +主语 + 动词原形 +其他？What was your former name？ 你以前叫什么名字？ 上星期一他为什么迟到？Why was he late for school last Monday？20 年前她能做什么？What could she do twenty years ago规则动词的过去式1. 一 般 情 况下， 在 动 词 原 形 后面 加-ed 。 lookedpla

12、y playedlookstart startedvisit visited pull -pulled,cook-cooked2. 以不发音e 结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。live liveduse usedtaste-tasted3. 以 “辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，先将改为 i , 再加 ed 。study studiedtry triedyfly flied4. 以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或r 音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加ed 。stop stoppedplan plannedstop -stoppedprefer preferred5.

13、 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如： am(is)-was,are-were （是） , become _became(成为 ) go-went （走）基本用法 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。他昨晚突然病倒了。He suddenly fell ill last night.表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作我在乡She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside.下时经常在河边散步。叙述过去连续发生的一件件事她早She got up early, fetched water, clea

14、ned the room and then went out for a walk.早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1. He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat(eat) a bird last night.3. We(have) a party last Halloween.欢迎下载第 4 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料4. Nancy(pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I(make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6

15、. They(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother(cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls(dance) at the party last night.9.I(watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he .12. Gao Shan (put)

16、 upthe picture last night.13. I (sweep) the floor yesterday.14. What she (find) in the garden last morning?15. Her father (read) a newspaper last night. clock last night.16. Mike (not go) to bed until 12 o17. I listened but (hear) nothing.18. How many people (be) there in your class last term?二、按要求变

17、换句型。（一般疑问句）1. Frank read an interesting book about history. Frank an interesting book about history?（划线提问）2. He cleaned his roomjust now.What he ?（否定句）3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book.Thomas RMB 10 on this book.（划线提问）4. My family went to the beach last week. family last week?1. I (have) an exciti

18、ng party last weekend.2. she (practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she .3. What Tom (do) on Saturday evening?He (watch) TV and (read) an interesting book.4. They all (go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She (not visit) her aunt last weekend.She (stay) at home and (do) some cleaning.欢迎下载第 5 页，共

19、30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料6. When you (write) this song? I (write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, (study) for the math test and (practice) Englishlast night.8. Mr. Li (do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he .9. How (be) Jims weekend? It (be not) bad.10. (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No.

20、 she .三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。构成： be+ 现在分词。 be 应为助动词，应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】动词现在分词的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing ，如： work - working study - studying2. 动词以不发音的-e 结尾，要去-e 加 -ing ，如：make - makingdance - dancing3. 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing ，如： put - putting begin - beginning4. 以 -ie 结尾的动词，把-ie 变成 y 再加 -ing ，如

21、：lie - lyingtie - tying写出下列动词的现在分词形式dance shop play speak have work _write take study sit sing swim _ lie 变化：肯定句式：主语现在分词 +其它 .+be( am, is, are)+否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词 +其它 .一般疑问句： Be(am, is, are) +主语 +现在分词 +其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语 +现在分词 +其它？对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes 或 No 直接作答， 要根据实

22、际情况回答。用法（包括高级用法)：1, 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。不要吵闹。我正在写作文。Please dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition. t rainin咱g n们ow出.发吧。现在不下雨了。Lets set off. It isn欢迎下载第 6 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料这类情况常与now 现在， at the present现在， at the moment现在， today 今天， this week这个星期， this year今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，如：现Its

23、 four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground.在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。快点！我们大家都等着你。Hurry up! We are all waiting for you.看！他们在那边的树底下看书。Look! They are reading over there under the tree.听！她在房间里唱歌。Listen! She is singing in the room.凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。Where is Kate? She is rea

24、ding in the room.为什么哭呢？有什么不对？Why are you crying? Is something wrong?2, 表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。这几天我们在一家工厂工作。We are working in a factory these days.他们在编一本词典。They are compiling a dictionary.这类情况常与today 今天， this week这个星期， this evening今天晚上， these days现在、目前等时间状语连用。3, 在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。明天他们将要动身前往纽约。They are

25、 leaving for New York tomorrow.你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？Is your brother departing soon?这类情况常与come 来， go 去，leave 离开， depart 离开， arrive 到达， stay 逗留， start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。4, 现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。他老喜欢跟别人吵架。Hes always quarrelling with others.她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。She is constantly worrying about her sons

26、health.那个男孩老是问问题。The boy is forever asking questions.这类情况常与always总是， usually通常， continually不断的， constantly经常的， forever永远、老是等副词连用。5, 有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。（ How do you feel today?）你今天感觉如何？How are you feeling today?I am looking（ look ） forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再来。Why are you lookin

27、g（ do you look）so sad?为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？6, 有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐 ”的含义。 此种用法除了偶尔和now 连用外， 一般不和其他时间副词连用的。欢迎下载第 7 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。Our study is becoming more interesting.树叶渐渐地变红了。The leaves are turning red.The war is ending.战争接近尾声了。等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了。Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper.适合于此

28、种用法的动词有：变成， begin开始， forget 忘记，bet/grow/become/turn/run/goremember记得， die 死，finish 完成， find 发现， rise 增强等 .7, “ b动e”词的现在进行时。“ be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。He is being foolish.他在装傻。He is being honest.他表现得特别老实。She is being rude.她故意表现粗鲁。我不明白此时他为何如此自私。I cant understand why he is being so selfis

29、h.适合于此种用法的有：foolish 愚蠢的， nice 好的，kind 好心的，careful 细心的， patient 耐心的， lazy 懒惰的， silly 傻的， rude 粗鲁的， polite 礼貌的， impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。 （ “be动”词用于现在进行时表示人的行为，纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时，“be动”词不能用于现在进行时）如：I am happy. （表语是纯粹的心理状态，不可用am being ） 我很快乐。Hes tired. （表语是纯粹的生理状态，不可用is being ） 他很疲倦。Its hot tod

30、ay.（主语不是人，不可用） 今天很热。is being【练习】一. 填空题1 Mr Zheng (read) a book now.2. The rabbits (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John (swim).4. My brother (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus (stop).6. We (have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is (come).8. They (catch) butterflies now.9. He (do) an

31、experiment now.10. They (collect) stamps now.欢迎下载第 8 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料11. Look! He (dive) now.12. Tom ( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors (get ) off the bus.14. Come on. They ( leave ) now.15. It (eat) fish now.16. My father (work) in the office now.17. Whereis yourmother?She (answer)

32、thephone.18. The teachers (run) now.二、按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 对 The boy提问： 2. 造句 :1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.) 连词成句 ) 2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(改成否定句 ) 3).She is closing the door now.(用 I作主语改写句子4.)You are doing your homework.() 5).they,the tre

33、e,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.) 改成一般疑问句6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.() 四、过去进行时：（一）概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。(二 )结构 ： were /were+ V-ing.(三 ) 标志词：1.at this/that time,2.at this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week),欢迎下载第 9 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料3.at+ 点钟 +yesterday (last night

34、 / Sunday) ，4. when sb/sth. did sth. last evening等。5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while例如： I was making fruit salad at this time.They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.（四）一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略回答。1. 肯定句 : 主语 +was/were+V-ing+其它 .I was watching TV at that time last night.否定句主

35、语其2.:+was/were+not+V-ing+它 . Iwas not watching TV at that time last night.一般疑问句：主语其3.was/were+V-ing+它?Wereyou watching TV at that time last night?肯定回答：Yes, I was.否定回答：No, I wasnt.特殊问句疑问词was/were主语其4.:+V-ing+它? What were you doing at at that time last night?(五 ) 基本用法：1. 过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。(用介词短语

36、和从句来表示时间点)过去某一时刻)I was sleeping at this time last Sunday.(过去某一时刻)My mother was cooking dinner at 9:00 yesterday. (我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了?（从句表示时间We were having supper when Tom came in.点）2. 过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内持续发生动作或事情。（the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while, when等。）（过去某一段时间）Lucy was working all day.o

37、 clockto nineo clocklast night.We were watching TV from seven3. 在复合从句中， 从句和主句的动作都是延续性或同时发生，那么主从句都要过去进行时。他边等车边看报。（两个动While he was waiting for the bus , he was resding newspaper.作都是延续的）他洗车时我在做饭。 （两个动作同时进行）He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.（六） when 和 while 的用法区别欢迎下载第 10 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料 w

38、hen 既指时间点，也可指一段时间。因此when 在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词while 只指一段时间。while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。when 引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。后面一般用过去进行时。如果从句While和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while 引导，a.When the teacher came in, we were talking. =While we were talking

39、, the teacher camein.b.They were singing while we were dancing.【练习 】1.I at 8:00 yesterday.A. was sleeping late B. slept lateC. sleep late2.They at this time.A. talking on the phone B.were talking on the phone B. was talking on the phone3.Lily was standing in front of the library .A. two hours ago B.

40、 tomorrow C. at that time yesterday4.I when the UFO arrived?A. was cutting hair B.was cutting hair C. cutting hair5.My father was reading newspaper my mother was cooking dinner.A. when B.while C. what6. My brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C.fell,

41、 rode7. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A.workedB. was working . C is workingo clocklast Sunday? -I the shower.8.-what were you doing at sevenA. was getting out of B. got out of C.was get out of9. I my breakfast when the bell rang.A. hadB. was havingC.am having10 Th

42、e reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.欢迎下载第 11 页，共 30 页精品学习资料精品学习资料A. was travelingB. traveled C. travelingsad. ”11. - What s the matter, Ali? You look-Oh, nothing much. in fact, I of my friends back home.A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking12.What from

43、three to four yesterday afternoon?A.have you done B.did you do C.were you doing13.-I called you yesterday evening.but there was no answer.-Oh, Imsorry I dinner at myfriendhsome.A.hadB. was having C.have14.My mother while my father TV.A. cooked, was watching B. was cooking, was watchingC. cooked, watched15.when I got