国家开放大学学位英语考试复习-人文英语3阅读练习及参考答案（学位）.docx

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1、国家开放大学学位英语考试复习-人文英语3阅读练习及参考答案（学位）-正文内容开始- 学位英语人文（3）阅读练习 (1) Most couples who get married or decide to live together generally plan to have children. Several years ago, having big families was common and people thought of this as an advantage. That was mainly because children began working at an earl

2、y age to help provide for the family. But with the changing times and with the cost of living getting higher every single year, having a big family is no longer considered a practical option. In fact, more and more couples choose to have only one child and some do not have any desire to become paren

3、ts at all. Indeed, the trend of having fewer children started a few decades ago. According to the Australian Institute of Family Studies, by 1986, women aged 40 to 44 years, were considerably more likely to have given birth to two children than three children (36% vs. 27%) or four or more children (

4、19%). However, taken together, women were still more likely to have had three or more children than to have had two children (46% vs. 36%). Two decades ago, women were more likely to have had two children than three or more children a trend that was most marked in the most recent period (38% vs. 25%

5、 in 1996; 38% vs. 22% in 2022). Nowadays, most families in Australia have two children. But the number of women who had given birth to a single child increased progressively from only 8% in 1981 to 13% in 2022, and it should be even bigger nowadays. The U.S. Census Bureau states that there are appro

6、ximately 14 million only children in America today. This comprises 20% of the childrens population compared to only 10% around fifty years ago. Why people thought of having big families as a good thing in the past? Because the cost of living is low. Because having a big family is no longer considere

7、d a practical option. Because people needed children to work early to provide for the family. Because having big families was common. What does the word “option” in Para. 1 mean? A. It means “idea”. B. It means “choice”. C. It means “challenge”. D. It means “trend” 3. In the past women tended to hav

8、e _ children than nowadays. A. a few B. fewerC. more D. less 4. What does “this” refer to in the last paragraph? A. the U.S. Census Bureau B. America C. children D. 14 million What is the topic discussed in the text? Families having fewer children nowadays The trend of having fewer children started

9、decades ago Big families in the past was common Women were more likely to have fewer children (2) The number of elderly people aged above 60 has increased. Demand for elderly care services in China will continue to rise due to the increased aging population. The number of elderly people aged above 6

10、0 was over 200 million in 2022, and will be 300 million in 2025 and 400 million in 2034, according to the experts. It will be a tough challenge for China to deal with, due to the increasing rates of urbanization and a decreasing birth rate. The Chinese people will be facing a big challenge if we do

11、not have enough money when we get older. The United Nations defines an aging society as one that has 10 percent of its population at or above the age of 60. When most developed countries were classed as an aging society, their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita stood at between 5,000 to 10,000

12、U.S. dollars or above. However, China became an aging society in 2022, and its GDP per capita was only 1,000 U.S. dollars. It was 6,000 U.S. dollars in 2022.Chinas economic foundation for an elderly society is fragile. On September 13, 2022, the State Council issued a guideline to speed up the devel

13、opment of Chinas elderly care services, hoping to complete a social care network for its elderly by 2025. What does “it” refer to in the first sentence in Para. 2? the increased aging population the number of elderly people demand for elderly care services the increasing rates of urbanization What d

14、oes the word “decreasing” in Para. 2 mean? It means “falling”. B. It means “rising” It means “demanding”. D. It means “peaking”. Why is Chinas economic foundation for an elderly society fragile? Because of its decreasing aging population and its high GDP per capita. Because of its increasing aging p

15、opulation and its low GDP per capita. Because when China was classed as an aging society, our GDP per capita is high. Because when developed countries were classed as an aging society, Chinas GDP per capita is low. When was China classed as an aging society? In 2022B. in 2022C. in 2022D. in 2025 Wha

16、t is the passage mainly about? China is an aging society. China does not have enough money to deal with an aging society. Chinas birth rate is decreasing. Dealing with Chinas elderly social care service is a big challenge due to its increasing aging population and low GDP per capita. (3) The Wichita

17、 Falls Police Department is trying to help curb crime in neighboring communities throughout the city. On Saturday Wichita Falls Police gave a free two-hour presentation to help locals keep their community crime free. More than 20 people showed up at the Martin Luther King Center in east Wichita Fall

18、s to be part of the presentation. Wichita Falls Police Officer Jeff Hughes said that they wanted to make sure the folks out there were aware they were doing everything to take away the opportunity from a bad guy. Hughes reminded those in attendance that their homes could be an open invitation to cri

19、minals. One of the biggest ways to prevent crime, according to Hughes, is to use CPTED, also known as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. “The biggest site, that we are dealing with now, that we are endorsing fully, is Nextdoor and its simply just .” The site is free and it helps locals s

20、et up a virtual community that they can interact with from the comfort of their own home. “With it all happens in a web based program where if you send something out it gets to that group or that person instantly, and they will get an alert on their phone or an email,”said Hughes. According to Hughe

21、s, he has already seen a positive impact locally from the site and hopes it can continue to expand in Wichita Falls. 1. What can we infer from the first paragraph? A. The presentation is free. B. The police department is planning to help locals curb crime. C. The police department is planning sterne

22、r measures to combat crime. D. The crime in neighboring communities is hard to curb. 2. What does the word “endorsing” in Para. 1 mean? A. It means “encouraging”.B. It means “supporting”. C. It means “considering”. D. It means “approving”. 3. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the

23、 text? A. Only 20 people showed up at the presentation. B. With , people will feel more comfort at home. C. If you use the site, you have to pay for it. D. According to Hughes, one of the biggest ways of crime prevention is through environmental design. 4. The site helps locals set up a/an _ communi

24、ty. A. beautiful B. realC. unreal D. virtue 5. What is the main idea of this text? A. The site can help set up a safer community. B. Wichita Falls Police gave a free two-hour presentation. C. Wichita Falls Police endorses the site. D. The site has a positive impact. (4) We all tend to think that we

25、are safe in our homes but unfortunately, many homes are not as safe as they are supposed to be. It is impossible to make your home 100% burglar-proof but there are ways to improve your home safety. Always lock the door and windows when you go out for work or even if you are inside the house. The bur

26、glars can take advantage of the opportunity in a minute. Be suspicious of strangers. You can never know who is pretending to conduct a research or who is using it as a disguise to see if your home is worth breaking in. Never leave valuables or cash in visible places. Hide them out of sight because t

27、hey may attract burglars. Do not leave the door key under planters, doormats or similar hiding places. The burglars know exactly where to look for it. Teach your children not to open the door or answer the phone when they are home alone. Although it is better to make an impression that your house is

28、 not empty, children may unintentionally reveal too much, for example, when the home is empty. Consider installing an alarm system. A loud sound alarm usually drives the burglars away before they can steal anything from your home. Make sure you have good lighting outside during the night. Well-lit h

29、omes are deterring the burglars because they increase the risk of being noticed while sticking around the house or trying to break in. 1. What is the topic discussed in the text? A. Be suspicious of strangers. B. How to keep your valuables or cash safe. C. Ways to keep your home safe. D. Install an

30、alarm system to drive the burglars away. 2. Which statement is TRUE according to the text? A. It is not necessary to lock the door and windows when you are inside the house. B. It is easy for you to recognize who is going to break in your home. C. Well-lit homes may help the burglars to break into y

31、our home. D. Hide the valuables or cash out of sight because they may attract burglars. 3. Which statement is NOT true according to the text? A. When you are inside the house, the burglars may not have the opportunity to break in. B. It is very easy for the burglars to find the door key under plante

32、r, doormat. C. Installing an alarm system may lower the chance of being stolen. D. It is dangerous for children to open the door or answer the phone when they are home alone. 4. By saying “Be suspicious of strangers” in Para. 3., the writer means _. A. keeping the strangers away from us B. catching

33、the suspected strangers C. being aware of the strangers D. never trusting strangers 5. “Deterring the burglars” in the last paragraph means _. A. helping the burglars break into the house B. making the burglars not want to do something bad C. encouraging the burglars to run away D. warning the burgl

34、ars (5) The law defines youthful offenders (age 18 or under) as “delinquent” if they commit offenses. As for the same offenses, the court would consider an adult as a “criminal”. “Status offenders” are juveniles who commit offenses appropriate only to juveniles, such as truancy from school. Here are

35、 a few ideas to help prevent your children from becoming delinquent. Keep your children in school to help prevent delinquency. Minor offenses, such as truancy, can lead to more serious offenses. Make clear to your children your expectations about their school attendance. Meet with school officials i

36、f necessary. Exercise adequate supervision. Juveniles rarely commit serious offenses while under the supervision of an adult. Seek the assistance of your local service agencies if you feel you cannot control your children. Attend parenting classes, or join a local support group if you are having tro

37、uble understanding how to exercise discipline. Educate your children about the dangers of drugs. Drug offenses and addiction can have serious consequences for your children. Let your children know you will not tolerate drug use. Stay informed about drug use trends in children. Get your children invo

38、lved in after-school recreational activities, sports, community service or other positive activities. Young people with positive outlets for their energy are more likely to do well in school and avoid the problems of delinquency. Know who your childrens friends are. Show an interest in your children

39、s social life and peer groups. Peer pressure may have a bad effect on teenagers and young people. Do not allow your children to associate with juvenile delinquents. 1. What is the topic discussed in the text? A. Ways to help prevent children from becoming delinquent. B. The difference between “delin

40、quent” and “criminal”. C. How to educate your children about the dangers of drugs. D. Truancy can lead to more serious offenses. 2. Which statement is TRUE according to the text? A. The court would consider youthful offenders as “criminals” if they commit offenses. B. Children always involved in pos

41、itive activities are more likely to do well in school and avoid the problems of delinquency. C. You must meet with school officials to prevent your children from delinquency. D. Young people may commit serious offenses while under the supervision of an adult. 3. Which statement is NOT true according

42、 to the text? A. Keep your children away from juvenile delinquents. B. Inform your children that you will not tolerate drug use. C. If you cannot control your children, ask for help from the local service agencies. D. Youthful offenders aged 19 may be regarded as “delinquent” if they commit offenses

43、. 4. “Truancy from school” in the first paragraph means _. A. Bad habits in school B. Committing offenses in school C. Being absent from school regularly D. Attendance at school 5. What does the word “adequate” in Para. 3 mean? A. It means “enough”.B. It means “appropriate” C. It means “accurate”.D.

44、 It means “advantage”. （6） English is spoken as a native language by around 377 million people, and as a second language by around 375 million speakers in the world. Speakers of English as a second language will soon outnumber those who speak it as a first language. Around 750 million people are bel

45、ieved to speak English as a foreign language. English has an official or a special status in 75 countries with a total population of over 2 billion. The domination of the English language globally is a sure thing. English is the language of international communications, business, tourism, education, science, computer technology, media and the Internet. Surprisingly, 70% of all information stored in the Internet is in English. British colonialism in the 19th century and American capitalism and technological progress in the 20th century