《分析化学（上）》教学大纲（英文版）.docx

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1、分析化学（上）教学大纲（英文版）-正文内容开始- Analytical Chemistry Part ICourse Syllabus Course Code：09041035 Course Category：Major Basic Majors：Chemistry Semester：Fall Total Hours：72 Hours Credit：3 Lecture Hours：72 Hours Textbooks： Na Li, John J. Hefferren. Kean LiQuantitative Chemical Analysis,Beijing University Press

2、, 2022, 1st edition Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, Principle of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage Learning, 2022, 6th edition References Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchFundamentals of Analytical ChemistryBrooks Cole; 8 edition (August 7, 2022)

3、 Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, Wiley; 6 edition (March 14, 2022) Robert Kellner, Jean-Michel Mermet, Matthias Otto, Miguel Valcarcel, H. Michael Widmer Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science, Wiley-VCH; 2 edition (October 8, 2022) David T. Harvey, Modern Analytical

4、Chemistry, McDraw-Hill, 1999 1st edition Daniel C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W. H. Freeman, 2022, 9th edition Teaching Aim Analytical chemistry is a discipline that studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. In practice separation, identificati

5、on or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the numerical amount or concentration. Taking this course, the students will develop the basic co

6、ncepts of quantity in chemistry, and will get a systematic knowledge on the four basic chemical equilibriums and their applications for analyses, such as for titrimetric and gravimetric analyses, working principles of typical analytical instruments, their applicability over different forms of specie

7、s. Through this course and related training, the students could also develop the ability of resolving related practical problems with suitable analytical strategies and technologies. Chapter 1 Introduction on Analytical Chemistry 课时：1周，共4课时 Content The definition of analytical chemistry, function Te

8、aching Outline: Classification and Nomenclature, the aim, the function of analytical chemistry The history and recent development Teaching Outline: recent development; definition of on-line, real-time and in-vivo; gravimetry, titrimetry Quantitative and qualitative analysis Teaching Outline: Quantit

9、ative analysis; qualitative analysis; macro, micro, trace, and ultra-trace analysis Introduction on titration analysis Teaching Outline: titrimetry; standard solution; stoichiometric point, end point; classification of titrimetry; direct titration, back titration, replacement titration, indirect tit

10、ration; calculations in titrimetry Sample collection and pretreatment Teaching Outline: preparation of inorganic samples; sample collection; dry ashing, wet ashing, microwave digestion Problems 1. What does a primary substance mean? What are the general requirements on primary substances? 2. List at

11、 least three examples of application of analytical techniques you have used. Chapter 2 Errors and Data processing in Quantitative Analysis 课时：2周，共6课时 Content 2.1 Errors in analytical chemistry Teaching Outline: Systematic errors, random errors, precision and accuracy, deviation and error, average de

12、viation and standard deviation, mean, 2.2 Distribution of random errors Teaching Outline: distribution of random error, the Gaussian curves, areas under a Gaussian curve, standard error of the mean, confidence intervals, 2.3 Statistic of limited data Teaching Outline: T distribution; compare a mean

13、with a true value (t test); compare two precisions (F test); comparing two means (u test) 2.4 Methods for the improvement of accuracy Teaching Outline: selection of analytical methods, elimination of systematic errors 2.5 Regression equation Teaching Outline: regression equation, correlation coeffic

14、ient 2.6 significant figures Teaching Outline: significant figures, rounding rules Problems 1. What do accuracy and precision mean? 2. How to tell whether a suspicious data in a data set should be retained or rejected? 3. Does a high confidence level always favorable in the determination a confidenc

15、e interval, why? Chapter 3 Acid-base Equilibriums and Acid-Base Titrations 课时：3周，共12课时 Content 3.1 Acid-base titration in aqueous solutions Teaching Outline: Acid-base theories, dissociation constant, concentration, activity and activity coefficient 3.2 Distribution of various forms in acid-base sol

16、ution Teaching Outline: analytical concentration and equilibrium concentration, influence of acidity on the forms in acid-base solution , distribution fractions 3.3 calculation of pH Teaching Outline: proton balance equation, calculation of various solutions, strong acids or bases, weak acids or bas

17、es, monoprotic acid, polyprotic acid 3.4 Buffer solution for acid-base pairs Teaching Outline: buffer capacity, calculation of pH value of buffer solutions, common buffer solutions and their preparations 3.5 Acid-base indicators Teaching Outline: working mechanism of indicators, common indicators an

18、d their transition range, mixed indicators 3.6 acid-base titration Teaching Outline: titration curves; the end point break; titration in strong acid (base), polyprotic acids and mixtures; selection of indicators; titration error and the calculations 3.7 application of acid-base titration Teaching Ou

19、tline: preparation of standard solutions and their calibration; influence of carbon dioxide in titration; application of acid-base titration: titration of boric acid, Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination Problems 1. What does a dissociation constant mean? 2. What does a buffer solution mean? G

20、ive the details on how to prepare a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer (100mM). 3. How does a titration error occur in an acid-base titration? How can we calculate this error? Chapter 4 Complexometric Titration 课时：2周，共10课时 Content 4.1 Introduction on complexometric titration Teaching Outline: complexometry in

21、analytical chemistry, property of EDTA and its application in complexometric titration 4.2 Complexometric equilibriums Teaching Outline: stability (formation) constant, dissociation constant; distribution of various formations in aqueous solution; metal ion buffers 4.3 Conditional formation constant

22、 Teaching Outline: side reactions; side reaction coefficient; conditional formation constant, acidic effect coefficient 4.4 Metal ion indicators, Teaching Outline: working principle of metal ion indicators; transition point, selection of metal ion indicators; commonly used metal ion indicators 4.5 B

23、asic principles for complexometric titration Teaching Outline: titration curve and change of concentration during the titration process; factors influence the end point break; the titration error and its calculations 4.6 Acidity control in complexometric titration Teaching Outline: feasibility of ti

24、tration in a single metal ion solution; control of acidity single metal ion titration; the highest, the lowest and the best acidity; feasibility of titration test in multi-ion solutions 4.7 Methods for the improvement of selectivity in complexometric titration Teaching Outline: control the acidity;

25、masking agent and demasking agent 4.8 Application of complexometric titration Teaching Outline: direct titration, indirect titration, back titration and displacement titration; masking; preparation and calibration of EDTA standard Problems 1. What does conditional formation constant mean? 2. Why som

26、etimes back titrations or indirect titrations should be used in complexometric titrations. Give at least one on each type. 3. How does an indicator work in a complexometric titration? Chapter 5 Oxidation-reduction Titration 课时：2周，共6课时 Content 5.1 Redox equilibriums Teaching Outline: formal potential

27、s; ionic strength effect, side reaction effect; acidity effect; rate of redox reactions, self-catalyzed reaction and induced reaction 5.2 Redox titration Teaching Outline: redox titration curve; end-point potential; redox indicators; commonly used indicators; pre-adjustment: pre-oxidation 5.3 Applic

28、ation of redox titration Teaching Outline: potassium permanganate method; potassium dichromate; starch-iodine method, iodimetry (direct) and iodometry (indirect), use of starch indicator Problems 1. What does formal potential mean? 2. What is a self-indicator? Given one example. 3. How to prepare st

29、andard solutions of KMnO4 and Na2S2O3? 4. What are the differences between iodometry and iodimetry? Chapter 6 Precipitation titration 课时：1周，共3课时 Teaching Outline: Precipitation reaction, principles and applications of Mohr titration, Volhard titration and Fajans titration Problems 1. List the typica

30、l examples of argentometry. What are the indicators used in these methods? 2. Why sometimes a blank titration is required? Give one example. Chapter 7 Gravimetry 课时：2周，共6课时 Content 7.1 introductions Teaching Outline: classification of gravimetry, procedure of gravimetric analysis; requirement on the

31、 precipitation form 7.2 solubility of precipitation Teaching Outline: solubility and intrinsic solubility; activity product, solubility product and conditional solubility product; common ion effect, salt effect, acid effect, complexometric effect and other factors influence the solubility 7.3 format

32、ion of precipitations Teaching Outline: Classification of precipitations, crystalline precipitation and amorphous precipitation; Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation 7.4 Main factors influence the purity of precipitation Teaching Outline: Coprecipitation, adsorption co precipitation, occlusion a

33、nd inclusion; post precipitation 7.5 Conditions for precipitation and post treatment Teaching Outline: Requirements for crystalline precipitation, amorphous precipitation; aging; homogeneous precipitation 7.6 Organic precipitation agents Teaching Outline: Classification and commonly used organic pre

34、cipitation agents Problems 1. With continuous introduction of chloride into an AgNO3 solution, a U-shaped solubility curve is obtained toward silver, try explain this. 2. Why controlling pH sometimes is important for obtaining a good precipitate? 3. What is a homogeneous precipitation and what are t

35、he advantages of this method? Chapter 8 Separation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry 课时：2周，共6课时 Content 8.1 introductions Teaching Outline: Separation and classification, recovery 8.2 Precipitation Teaching Outline: Inorganic precipitate, organic precipitate; separation and enrichment of co-precipi

36、tation 8.3 Liquid-liquid extraction Teaching Outline: Essence of extraction, distribution constant and distribution ratio; efficiency of extraction, classification of extraction; requirements 8.4 Ion-exchange for separation Teaching Outline: ion-exchange resin, properties and ion-exchange reactions;

37、 affinity; operations in ion-exchange; ion-exchange chromatography 8.5 chromatographic methods Teaching Outline: Principle on chromatographic separation, classification; paper, thin-layer and column chromatography 8.6 other techniques for separation Problems 1. List at least three methods for separa

38、tion based on the differences on sizes. 2. Why continuous extraction is more powerful as compared with regular one? 3. How does a TLC work? Chapter 9 introduction on Electrochemical Analysis 课时：1周，共4课时 Content Teaching Outline: Classification of electrochemical methods, their applications Electroche

39、mical cells, potential, classification of cells, Cottrell equation, Faradys law Introduction on conductivity analysis Problems 1. What do static methods and dynamic methods mean in electrochemical analyses? 2. What are the differences between an electrolytical cell and a galvanic cell? Chapter 10 Po

40、ntentiometry 课时：2周，共6课时 Content 10.1 Basic principles Teaching Outline: Electrode potential and its relation with concentration, calomel electrode, electrodes of the first, second and third kind 10.2 ion-selective electrodes Teaching Outline: Glass electrode, single crystal electrode, polycrystallin

41、e or mixed crystal electrode, membrane electrode, membrane potentials and boundary potentials; Nernst equation; selectivity coefficients 10.3 Application of ion-selective electrodes Teaching Outline: Method for the detection of ion activity; definition and measurement of pH 10.4 Potentiometric titra

42、tions Teaching Outline: Types of potentiometric titration, working electrode; automatic potentiometric titrator Problems 1. What is a potentiometric titration? What are differences between a potentiometric titration and a regular one? 2. What do SHE and SCE mean in electrochemical analysis? Which on

43、e is more popular in these two? Chapter 11 Coulometry 课时：1周，共3课时 Content 11.1 Basic principles Teaching Outline: Applied potential and overpontential, influence of the solution component on electrolysis potential 11.2 Electricity gravimetric method Teaching Outline: Potentiostats; requirement for a

44、quantitative electrolysis; application of Electricity gravimetric method 11.3 Coulometry Teaching Outline: Faradys law, controlled-potential Coulometry; controlled-potential Coulometric titration; Automatic Coulometer Problems 1. What does coulometric titration mean? 2. What does electrogravimetry m

45、ean? Chapter 12 Polarography and Voltammetry 课时：2周，共6课时 Content 12.1 basic principles Teaching Outline: Basic process of polarography and the setup; dropping mercury electrodes and solid electrodes; E-i curve; 12.2 Polarographic current Teaching Outline: Diffusion current and diffusion current equation; half-wave potential 12.3 Application of polarography Teaching Outline: quantitative and qualitative method for polarography, application of polarography