藻类荧光对重金属毒性响应规律的研究-田程.docx
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1、河北科技大学 硕士学位论文 藻类荧光对重金属毒性响应规律的研究 姓名:田程 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:环境工程 指导教师:崔建升 20101212 摘要 废水环境效能的评价己成为社会的迫切需求,生物毒性作为水质生态评价的综 合指标,因能快速得出多种污染物共存下的生物效能受到广泛重视。生物毒性测试 不仅能较全面地反应废水中复合污染物的联合毒性作用,并能充分了解各种环境因 子(如 pH值、温度、溶解度等)对污染物毒性效应的具体影响,直观地反映出污染 水体对生物种群的综合毒性,是预测和控制化学物质污染的一种不可缺少的辅助手 段。叶绿素荧光被认为是研究光合作用的理想探针,藻类光合作用在其细胞代谢中 占
2、有核心地位,利用微藻叶绿素荧光检测重金属毒性,具有快速、敏感的特点,在 水质安全评价上具有良好的应用前景。 本课题通过文献初筛三种微藻一斜生栅藻、蛋白核小球藻、铜绿微囊藻作为实 验供试藻。通过预实验确定四种典型重金属离子 Cd2+、 Hg2+、 Cu2+、 Zn2+作为实验胁 迫因子,当供试藻生长到对数生长期值在 0.3以上,将重金属溶液母液稀释成一 定浓度梯度后添加到 藻培养液中进行胁迫实验。通过重金属对三种供试藻生长及光 合色素影响研究得出四种重金属对供试藻的毒性作用顺序,斜生栅藻为 Hg2+Cd2+CU2+Zn2+;蛋白核小球藻为 Cd2+Cu2+Zn2+Hg2+;铜绿微囊藻为 Cu2+
3、Hg2+Zn2+Cd2+。 并分析供试藻种对四种重金属离子的毒性耐受顺序, Cd2+为 铜绿微囊藻 斜生栅藻 蛋白核小球藻; Hg2+为蛋白核小球藻 铜绿微囊藻 斜生栅藻; Cu2+为斜生栅藻 蛋白核小球藻 铜绿微囊藻; Zn2+为斜生栅藻 铜绿微囊藻 蛋白核 小球藻。 通过重金属胁迫供试藻荧光响应实验,研究了供试藻对四种典型重金属离子 Cd2+、 Hg2+、Cu2+、 Zn2+的荧光响应。实验结果表明,重金属对藻种的荧光性影响效 果显著,随着胁迫浓度和时间的延长藻光合作用受抑制明显,藻种焚光值与叶绿素 含量间有良好的正相关关系,荧光值呈现先上升再下降的趋势。荧光胁迫实验得到 的结果与藻生长抑
4、制和光合色素的影响趋势基本一致,证明藻种的荧光值变化可以 反应重金属毒性,利用藻荧光响应特性检测重金属浓度胁迫是可行的。 在敏感藻确定实验中以 2 min作为测试间隔,测定 20 min藻种荧 光值的变化 * 以藻种荧光强度作为首要考虑条件,时间、重金属种类数及重金属响应效率作为分 析参考依据,最终确定荧光重金属敏感藻为斜生栅藻。并以 HgCh作为典型毒性代 表物质,分析了反应时间与 HgCl2溶液浓度、斜生栅藻荧光变化差值间的线性关系, 确定 16 min为测试的稳定时间,根据藻荧光差值与对应的 HgCh浓度初步建立了水 质毒性评价等级。 关键词叶绿素荧光;重金属毒物;生物毒性检测;斜生栅藻
5、;蛋白核小球藻;铜 绿微囊藻; Abstract The effectiveness evaluation of water environment has become the urgent needs of society, biological toxicity as water ecological evaluation index of pollutants can quickly concluded by the biological efficiency under the coexistence. Biological toxicity test is a kind of in
6、dispensable assistant method which be used to Predicte and control chemical pollution. Because it can response the joint toxicity role of compound pollutants in aste water comprehensively, and it can describe the compositive toxicity to biological population which done by the polluted water intuitiv
7、e. The chlorophyll fluorescence is considered the best probe to research photosynthesis. The photosynthesis of microjalgae occupies the core status of cell metabolism. So there have prospects to detection tonicity which belonds to heavy metals by chlorophyll fluorescence, because it has advantages o
8、f quickly and sensitively. After Literature retrieval, the author selected three strains microalgae for experiment, there are Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Microcystis aeruginosa. Cd2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ four types of typical metals for the Stress testing. The Concentration of metals d
9、esigned as 0.004 |imol L“1, 0.01 iimol-L*1, 0.02 lmol-L*1, 0.21 iimol-L1, 2.09 Hmol.I/丨, 20.9 urnol-I/1. We can add some heavy metal solution to the culture solution, when the testing micoalgae growth to logarithmic growth, and its value of OD more than 0.3. . | First, we do the experiment about the
10、 growth and photosynthetic pigment influence of three strains microalgae by Cd2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ four types of typical metals Stressed. The results show that, the toxicity of four kinds of heavy metals to three strains I microalgae as follows. The toxic effects to Scenedesmus obliqutis is Hg2+Cd2+
11、Cu2+Zn2+; the toxic effects to Chlorella pyrenoidos is Cd2+Cu2+Zn2+Hg2+; the toxic effects to Microcystis aeruginosa is Cu2+Hg2+Zn2+Cd2+. In order of patience with toxic heavy metals by three strains microalgae as follows. Hg2+: Chlorella pyrenoidosa Microcystis aeruginosa Scenedesmus obliquus; Cu2+
12、: Scenedesmus obliquus Chlorella pyrenoidosa Microcystis aeruginosa Zn2+: Scenedesmus obliquus Microcystis aeruginosa Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Then the author do the experiment about the Chlorophyll fluorescence response with four types of typical metals Stressed. Get a conclusion: the response of Chl
13、orophyll fluorescence sex of algae striking by metals Stressed. The results of experiment showed that the fluorescence affect of Microalgae by heavy metal significantly. Photosynthesis restrained seriously on account of prolonging stress concentration and time. Fluorescence stress experiment results
14、 obtained with algae growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment is basically the same influence of trend, proof by fluorescence value change, use toxic heavy metals responses can algae fluorescence response characteristics testing heavy metal concentration stress is feasible. The experiment of det
15、ermining sensitive algae to test the fluorescence value change in 20 minutes With two minutes frequency. Finally determined fluorescence heavy metal sensitive algae is Scenedesmus obliquus. HgC as a typical toxicity representative material, analyzed the different time linear relationship between HgC
16、l2 solution concentration and algae fluorescence value change. Determine the 16 minutes for testing the stable time, according to the algae fluorescence value for the difference and corresponding HgC concentration initially established a water quality toxicity assessment level. Key words Chlorophyll
17、 fluorescence; Heavy metal toxicants; Biotoxicity detection; Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Microcystis aeruginosa, 第 1 章绪论 1.1研究背景 随着社会经济的快速发展,工业化程度越来越大,重金属污染物向环境的排放 量日趋增加。这些污染物质主要来源于电镀、采矿、冶金、石油等多种工业行业产 生的废水,是对生态环境危害极大的一类污染物。所谓重金属是指密度浓度 4.0以上 约 60种元素或密度 5.0之上的 45种元素。砷、硒是非金属,但它的毒性及某些性质
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- 藻类 荧光 重金属 毒性 响应 规律 研究
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