重金属胁迫下硫对作物苗期根系导水率的影响-孔祥瑞.docx
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1、1133424 分类吁; 5158. 宁校代码:! 0712 D C: _63L 研究生学号: S050054 密成 : 公开 ;灶农林哿教大学 2 7届攻读硕士学位研究生学位(毕业 ) 论文 重金属胁迫下硫对作物苗期根系导水率的影响 学科专业 环 境 科 学 研究方向 环塏化孝 研 究 生 孔 祥 瑞 指导教师 曲东教授 完成时间 2007.6 _ 屮 l! i! 陕四 . f 重金属胁迫下硫对作物苗期根系导水率的影响 摘要 土壤重金属污染导致了土壤环境质量恶化,不仅危害土壤生态系统的良性循环,而 且会对植物生长产生剧烈影响。根系是感应土壤污染物的最直接器官,土壤中的重金属 首先可影响根系的
2、发育和功能,从而抑制植物的整体生长状况。铜和锌既是植物正常发 育所必需的微量元素,同时过量的铜和锌也将对生物产生毒害。汞、铜和锌已成为目前 导致土壤环境污染的重要因素。植物根系吸收传导水分的能力对植物的生长状况起决定 作用 “ 根系导水率表征根系运输传导水分的能力,是根系感受土壤水分变化的最直接的 生理指标之一。土壤中的重金属胁迫是否也对植物根系导水率产生影响,重金属污染与 根系导水率之间是否具有剂量一效应关系?这一直是土壤学及环境科学中关注的问题, 但关于这方面的研究报道及其有限。硫是植物生长发育必需的重要矿质营养元素,在作 物的生理活动中具有其它元素不可替代的作用。硫是胱氨酸、半胱氨酸和蛋
3、氨酸的重要 组成成分,而这些含硫氨基酸是蛋白质的主要成分 。缺硫将影响植物正常的生理活动, 不仅使作物的产量降低,而且也会对品质以及对环境变化的适应能力产生影响。在重金 属胁迫下,植物体内的有机硫化合物在抵御环境污染物中具有重要作用。那么,硫营养 是否也在改善作物根系水分传导及其减轻土壤中重金属对根系的伤害过程中发挥作 用?这有待进行深入的研究。本试验以玉米、小麦为材料进行水培和盆栽试验,研究了 重金属胁迫条件下硫营养对作物苗期根系导水率的调节作用。试验得出如下主要结果: (1) 与对照处理植株比较, Hg2 Zn2+和 Cu2+对小麦和玉米根系导水率都有明显 的抑制作用, 抑制效果 HgXV
4、SZn2而且随着重金属浓度的墙髙抑制作用越来越显 著。通常 Hg可作为蛋白抑制剂,其对水通道蛋白表达的抑制是影响植物导水的主要 原因,随着 Hg浓度的增大,对导水率的影响是持续下降的。在 Cu2+处理中,尽管也 导致了导水率迅速降低,但 20 nmoI/LCu与 100pmol/L Cu浓度之间的差距并不明显, 这反映出 Cu对植物导水率的影响可能存在另外的机制 (2) 从水培实验看出,在无重金属胁迫时硫营养对根系起到的作用更倾向于提供 营养;而有重金属 Cu2+胁迫时硫营养则起到了保护根系的效果,能够有效的减小 Cu2+ 胁迫对导水率的抑制作用,并且这种保护作用 “ 随着硫营养浓度增大而加强
5、, (3) 胁迫时间是重金属胁迫影响根系导水率的一个重要因素。无论在哪种硫浓度 下,Cu2+胁迫 30min后的要比相应硫浓度下胁迫 lOmin后的降低 50%左右,说明重金属 胁迫的强度对根系导水的影响非常显著。然而,增加硫营养供应可以有效地减轻重金属 的对根系导水率的影响,表明硫在抵御重金属污染过程中具有重要意义。 (4) 由小麦盆栽实验看出,尽管 Zn2+胁迫可显著导致小麦根系干重大幅度的增加, 使根冠比提高,但其导水率却明显比对照处理降低,并且增加硫营养后的作用并未显著 看出,这表明择胁迫可能显著改变了小麦根系的水分传导机制。 (5) 盆栽实验中 f低硫环境下三级农田土壤标准的重金属污
6、染 ( Cu2+为 400mg/kg, Zn2+为 500mg/kg)对小麦根系导水率有明显的抑制作,抑制率分别为 34.61%和 36.89%,按 N : P205 : K20 : S = 0.2 : 0.15 : 0.3 : 0.015 比例加入硫肥后, Cu2+和 Zn2+ 的抑制率分别为丨 2.29%和 37.71%。在铜处理中尽管导水率也较对照有明显的降低,但 由于硫营养的作用可使其对导水率的抑制作用得到显著的缓解,充分表现出硫在抵御重 金属胁迫中的作用。 关键词:硫营养;重金属胁迫;根系导水率 ( i/v):玉米;小麦 EFFECT OF SULFUR NUTRITION ON R
7、OOT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE OF CROPS UNDER HEAVY METAL STRESS ABSTRACT Heavy metal pollution deteriorates soil environmental quality, and this is very harmful to the circle of ccosystan and the environment which human live in; furthermore, the pollution mightily affects plant root system and plant gro
8、wth. Root is the organ which perceives soil pollution directly; heavy metal in soil could influence roofs growth and function, and consequently impacts whole plant growth status. Coppor and zinc are required microelements of plant. However, when concentrations are excessive, they could poison plant
9、as well. Mercury, copper and zinc are main heavy metals influencing soil quality. The ability of absorbing water by root system plays vital role in plant growth* Lpr reflects this ability and is one of the most direct physiology indexes of root to respond soil wata*. Do heavy metal stress affect pla
10、nt root ZJP/? Is there dose effect relationship between heavy metal stress and Lpp. Ifs a key problem of agrology and environmental science, but correlative rqjorts are rarely. Sulftir has unreplaceable effects on physiological function of crop- Sulfur is the main ingredient of Cysteine, Cystine and
11、 Methionine, and these amino acids are main ingredient of protein. When Sulfur is inadequate, normal physiological activities, yield, adaptive ability to changing environment will be impacted- Under heavy metal stress, organical sulfur compounds in plant are important to resisting heavy metal stress
12、. Then, does sulfur nutrition contribute to ameliorating water transport in plmt and alleviating impacts of heavy metals on plant root system. This question needs further studies* In this research, com and wheat were selected as experiment materials. By different heavy metal ti-eatments, aquasolutio
13、n and pot experiment, method in different sulftir levels, were carried out to detennine the root hydraulic conductance (Lpr) of the crops by the pressure chamber. The adjustive ability of sulfur on Lpr was studied. The main results were as follows: 1. Compared to CK, U+t Zn2+ and Cu2+ obviously rest
14、rained maize and wheat root LpK The order of impact extent is: Hg2+Cuz+Zn2+, and with heavy metal stress time rising, Lpr fell more sharply. Hg24, as protein inhibitor generally, restrains AQP expression, and this is the main reason of influencing plant absorbing water. With Hg2 concentration rising
15、, the inhibitive effect enhances. Under Cu2+ stress, though there is a sharp fall of Lpr as well, the difference between 200imol/L Cu and 100mol/L Cu is not clear. This may be due to different restraining mechanism of Cu2+ and Hg2 2. In aquasolution experiment, without heavy metal stress sulfur seem
16、s to provide nutrition to maize root system; when there is Cu2+ intimidating, sulfur reduced the inhibitive effect resultful, and this protective function enhanced with sulfur concentration increasing. 3* Stress time is an importoit factor of reducing Lpr by heavy metals. Under all sulfur concentrat
17、ions, Lpr of intimidated 30min was less than 50% of that of lOmin in same sulfur concentration, showing that heavy metal intension affects water transport significantly. However, the effect is alleviated ajfter strengthening sulfin- nutrition, indicating sulfur makes sense in resisting heavy metal p
18、ollution, 4, In pot experiment, under low sulfur treatment Zn2+ stimulated root dry weight, ratio of root/shoot rising, but Lpr reduced. After strengthening sulfur nutrition, these impacts were not lightened clearly, showing that Zn2+ stress may change water transport mechanism of wheat root, 5. In
19、pot experiment, according to Third Class Familand Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, 500mg/kg Zn and 400mg/kg Cu were added into the soil- Under low sulfur treatment, the Lpr of wheat root system reduced remarkablely, the inhibit-ratio is: Cu2+ 34.61% and Zn2+ 36.89%. After adding sulfur nutr
20、ition on the proportion of N : P205 : K20 : S = 0.2 : 0.15 : 0.3 : 0.015, the inhibit-ratio changed to: Cu2+12.29% and Zn2+37.71%. Lpr falls down shply under Cu2+stress, but sulfur nutrition could reduce this impact significantly, putting up the important role sulfur nutrition plays on resisting hea
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