2022年江苏小高考生物复习知识点总结 2.pdf

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1、heating, ventilation, and other factors. Spacing between buil dings t o meet the specifications required by increases for green buildings, ventilation is good. (2) technical measures for energy-saving instructions: 1) roof: insulated roof. Optional overhead insulation layer of insulation or planti n

2、g the insulating layer. 2) Windows: building on each floor above ground 80mm, beam with full aluminum window, to lighting, and ventilation. Public locaton lighting control usi ng energy-saving for buildings to extinguish the switch in order to achieve energy-saving effect. Lighting and lamps using h

3、igh efficiency energy-saving fluoresce nt lamps, usi ng energy-saving qui ck-start ballasts or electronic ballast with low harmonic content, in or der to achieve energy-saving effect. 5) use water-saving equipment and appli ances. Using the closed flush valve, automatic faucets and energy-saving was

4、hing tank, etc, reduce the consumption of water resources is invalid, achi eve the purpose of saving water. 6) water recovery and reuse. 7) se epage, leakage-proof measures of water supply system. Accessories such as the water supply network for sanitation, must conform to the standards, improve dur

5、ability, prevents leaks, to achieve the water-saving effect. Unit 3, energy management energy management systems and institutions, strengthen t he management of water, electricity, and clear management responsibility for preventing running, running, drip, leak, improved energy-saving effect. The sev

6、enth cha pter, environmental protection, construction site environment this project is located in XXXXXX, a beautiful nat ural environment, and no polluting enterprises, environmental air quality good, suita ble for construction project s. II, a nd prepared according to 1, and Peoples Republic of Ch

7、i na environmental protection method 2, and construction project environmental protection Management Ordinance (State 1998253,) 3, and construction project environmental protection design pr ovide s (country meter word 1986002,) 4, and on further do construction project environmental protection mana

8、gement of points views (country ring 1993015,) 5, and environment air quality standard (GB3095-1996) II level 6, and surface water environment quality standard ( GHZB1-1999) c class 7, the environmental noi se of urban area standard (GB3096-93) two class 8, of integrated wastewater discharge standar

9、d (GB8987-1996) class 9, three of the construction noi se (12523-1990)follow the strategy of sustainable development, environme ntal protection goals, and effectively safeguard the rational development and utilization of resources, protecting the ecological environment and formation of urban ecol og

10、ical cycle. Evacuation lighting: in the personnel department and the cha nne l provided with evacuation instructions lighting. Nineth, organization and human resources, organization structure XXXXXX Government, under Dean room, staff room, storage room, dormitory, dining room, bathroom, toilets, med

11、ical care and rehabilitation activities, and so on. Second, the organizational structure of labor force and XXXXXX rural homes for employees training establishme nt for 6 people, of which: 1 people, President, medical staff 1, catering Manager 2, nursing 2, restaurant managem ent and nursi ng person

12、nel from social recr uitment of staff with professional qualifications, all employees must be formal training beforehand. T he tenth chapter, project management, proje ct organization and management of the project in XXXXXX, pla nni ng and construction work for the pr oject area, unit construction l

13、eading group was formed, responsible for procedures and project planning, design, approval and implementation. 1, the unified management of constructi on funds, financial independent statements, accounting, money used strictly according to plan, and accept the supervision and inspection of the highe

14、r authorities. Strict financial rules and regulations, no crowding nd diversion to prevent the violation occurred. 2, arranging funds, active, full, firm to carry out prior to the construction of the work. 3, in order to ensure that XXXXXX rural homes for the constructi on period, the quality and th

15、e rational use of funds, implementation of major heads have overall responsibility for the implementation and management of project legal person responsibility system. 4, strictly according to the regulations to implement supervision sy stem of engineering construction projects, hiring qua lified su

16、pervisory units and personnel, supervision of project construction , strict time limit, quality and funding level. 5, strict construction proje ct completion acceptance system and engineering quality lifetime responsibility system of construction project. Second, t he progress in the implementation

17、of 1, project constructi on management of the progress of the construction project must strictly follow the capital construction program. From feasibility study to project delivery, is divi ded i nto five phases, the preliminary work phase, design phase, construction preparation phas e, constructi o

18、n phase and project acce ptance phase. The proje ct constructi on period of 6 months, starting from the beginning of June 2012 to be completed in December 2012, feasibility studies completed i n early April 2012, end of May 2012 constructi on design, project biddi ng. From the beginning of June 2012

19、 to start the construction, December 2012 completion, input for that month. All phases of the work are as follows: early stage pipeline of project feasibility study; setting up a project management; financing; sele ct the survey and design units. Design-building site survey and 江苏小高考生物复习知识点总结第二章细胞的化

20、学组成第一节细胞中的原子和分子一、组成细胞的原子和分子1、细胞中含量最多的6 种元素是C、H、O 、N、P、S。2、组成生物体的基本元素：C元素。3、生物界与非生物界的统一性和差异性统一性：组成生物体的化学元素种类，在无机自然界都可以找到，没有一种元素是生物界特有的。差异性：组成生物体的化学元素在生物体和自然界中含量相差很大。二、细胞中的无机化合物：水和无机盐1、水： （1）含量：是活细胞中含量是最多的物质。（2）形式：自由水、结合水自由水：是以游离形式存在，可以自由流动的水。作用有良好的溶剂；参与细胞内生化反应；物质运输；维持细胞的形态（在代谢旺盛的细胞中，自由水的含量一般较多）结合水：是与

21、其他物质相结合的水。作用是组成细胞结构的重要成分。（结合水的含量增多，可以使植物的抗逆性增强）2、无机盐（1）存在形式：离子（2）作用与蛋白质等物质结合成复杂的化合物。参与细胞的各种生命活动。（如 Mg2+ 是构成叶绿素的成分、PO43-是合成核苷酸原料、Fe2+是构成血红蛋白的成分、I- 是构成甲状腺激素的成分。第二节细胞中的生物大分子一、糖类1、元素组成：由C、H、O 3 种元素组成。2、分类概 念种 类分 布主 要 功 能单糖不能水解的糖五碳糖核糖核糖、脱氧核糖、葡 萄 糖 动 植 物 细胞都有组成核酸的物质脱氧核糖六碳糖葡 萄 糖 、 果糖、半乳糖葡萄糖是细胞生命活动所需要的重要能源物

22、质二糖水解后能够生成二分子单糖的糖蔗糖植物细胞麦芽糖乳糖动物细胞多糖水解后能够生成许多个单糖分子的糖淀粉植物细胞植物细胞中的储能物质纤维素植物细胞壁的基本组成成分糖原动物细胞动物细胞中的储能物质附：二糖与多糖的水解产物：蔗糖 1 葡萄糖 +1 果糖麦芽糖 2 葡萄糖乳糖 1 葡萄糖 + 1 半乳糖淀粉麦芽糖葡萄糖纤维素纤维二糖葡萄糖糖原葡萄糖精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 27 页heating, ventilation, and other factors. Spacing between buil dings t o

23、 meet the specifications required by increases for green buildings, ventilation is good. (2) technical measures for energy-saving instructions: 1) roof: insulated roof. Optional overhea d insulation layer of insulation or planti ng the insulating layer. 2) Windows: building on each floor above groun

24、d 80mm, beam with full aluminum window, to lighting, and ventilation. Public locati on lighting control usi ng energy-saving for buildings to extinguish the switch in order to achieve energy-saving effect. Lighting and lamps using high efficiency energy-saving fluoresce nt lamps, usi ng energy-savin

25、g qui ck-start ballasts or electronic ballast with low harmonic content, in or der to achieve energy-saving effect. 5) use water-saving equipment and appli ances. Using the closed flush valve, automatic faucets and energy-saving washing tank, etc, reduce the consumption of water resources is invalid

26、, achi eve the purpose of saving water. 6) water recovery and re use. 7) se epage, leakage-proof measures of water supply system. Accessories such as the water supply network for sanitation, must conform to the standards, improve durability, prevents leaks, to achieve the water-saving effect. Unit 3

27、, energy management energy management systems and institutions, strengthen t he management of water, electricity, and clear management responsibility for preventing running, running, drip, leak, improved energy-saving effect. The seventh cha pter, environmental protection, construction site environm

28、ent this project is located in XXXXXX, a beautiful natural environment, and no polluting enterprises, environmental air quality good, suita ble for construction project s. II, a nd prepared according to 1, and Peoples Republic of Chi na environmental protection method 2, and construction project env

29、ironmental protection Management Ordinance (State 1998253,) 3, and construction project environmental protection design pr ovide s (country meter word 1986002,) 4, and on further do construction project environmental protection management of points views (country ring 1993015,) 5, and environment ai

30、r quality standard (GB3095-1996) II level 6, and surface water environment quality standard ( GHZB1-1999) c class 7, the environmental noi se of urban area standard (GB3096-93) two class 8, of integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8987-1996) class 9, three of the construction noi se (12523-199

31、0)follow the strategy of sustainable development, environmental protection goals, and effectively safeguard the rational development and uti lization of resources, protecting the ecological environment and formation of urban ecol ogical cycle. Evacuation lighting: in the personnel department and the

32、 cha nne l provided wit2 3、功能：糖类是生物体维持生命活动的主要能量来源。4糖的鉴定：原理：(1) 淀粉：遇碘液变蓝色，这是淀粉特有的颜色反应。(2) 还原性糖 ( 单糖、麦芽糖和乳糖) ：与斐林试剂反应，可以产生砖红色沉淀。（3）斐林试剂：配制：0.1g/mL 的 NaOH 溶液（ 2mL ）+ 0.05g/mL CuSO4 溶液（ 4-5 滴）使用：混合后使用，且现配现用。条件：隔水加热二、脂质1、元素组成：主要由C、H、O组成，有些还含N、P 2、分类：脂肪、类脂（如磷脂）、固醇（如胆固醇、性激素、维生素D等）3、共同特征：不溶于水4、功能：脂肪：细胞代谢所需能

33、量的主要储存形式。类脂中的磷脂：是构成生物膜的重要物质。固醇：在细胞的营养、调节、和代谢中具有重要作用。脂肪的鉴定：原理：脂肪可以被苏丹染液染成橘黄色。（在实验中用50% 酒精洗去浮色显微镜观察橘黄色脂肪颗粒）三、蛋白质（细胞中含量最多的有机物）1、元素组成：除C、H、O 、N外，大多数蛋白质还含有S 2、基本组成单位：氨基酸（组成蛋白质的氨基酸约20 种）氨基酸结构通式：氨基酸的判断：同时有氨基和羧基至少有一个氨基和一个羧基连在同一个碳原子上。（组成蛋白质的20 种氨基酸的区别：R 基的不同）3形成：许多氨基酸分子通过脱水缩合形成肽键（-CO-NH-）相连而成肽链，多条肽链盘曲折叠形成有具有

34、一定空间结构的蛋白质二肽：由 2 个氨基酸分子组成的肽链。多肽：由 n（n3）个氨基酸分子以肽键相连形成的肽链。蛋白质结构的多样性的原因：组成蛋白质多肽链的氨基酸的种类、数目、排列顺序的不同；构成蛋白质的多肽链的数目、空间结构不同4计算：一个蛋白质分子中肽键数（脱去的水分子数）氨基酸数 肽链条数。一个蛋白质分子中至少含有氨基数（或羧基数）=肽链条数5功能：生命活动的主要承担者。（注意有关蛋白质的功能及举例）6蛋白质鉴定：原理：蛋白质与双缩脲试剂产生紫色的颜色反应精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 27 页heating, v

35、entilation, and other factors. Spacing between buil dings t o meet the specifications required by increases for green buildings, ve ntilation is good. (2) technical measures for energy-saving instructions: 1) roof: insulated roof. Optional overhead insulation layer of insulation or planti ng the ins

36、ulating layer. 2) Windows: building on each floor above ground 80mm, beam with full aluminum window, to lighting, and ventilation. Public locati on lighting control usi ng energy-saving for buildings to extinguish the switch in order to achieve energy-saving effect. Lighting and lamps using high eff

37、iciency energy-saving fluoresce nt lamps, usi ng energy-saving qui ck-start ballasts or electronic ballast with low harmonic content, in or der to achieve energy-saving effect. 5) use water-saving equipment and appli ances. Using the closed flush valve, automatic faucets and energy-saving washing ta

38、nk, etc, reduce the consumption of water resources is invalid, achi eve the purpose of saving water. 6) water recovery and re use. 7) se epage, leakage-proof measures of water supply system. Accessories such as the water supply network for sanitation, must conform to the standards, improve durabilit

39、y, prevents leaks, to achieve the water-saving effect. Unit 3, energy management energy management systems and institutions, strengthen t he management of water, electricity, and clear management responsibility for preventing running, running, drip, leak, improved energy-saving effect. The seventh c

40、ha pter, environmental protection, construction site environment this project is located in XXXXXX, a beautiful natural environment, and no polluting enterprises, environmental air quality good, suita ble for construction project s. II, a nd prepared according to 1, and Peoples Republic of Chi na en

41、vironmental protection method 2, and construction project environmental protection Management Ordinance (State 1998253,) 3, and construction project environmental protection design pr ovide s (country meter word 1986002,) 4, and on further do construction project environmental protection management

42、of points views (country ring 1993015,) 5, and environment air quality standard (GB3095-1996) II level 6, and surface water environment quality standard ( GHZB1-1999) c class 7, the environmental noi se of urban area standard (GB3096-93) two class 8, of integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB89

43、87-1996) class 9, three of the construction noi se (12523-1990)follow the strategy of sustainable development, environmental protection goals, and effectively safeguard the rational development and uti lization of resources, protecting the ecological environment and formation of urban ecol ogical cy

44、cle. Evacuation lighting: in the personnel department and the cha nne l provided wit3 四、核酸1、元素组成：由C、H、O 、N、P 5 种元素构成2、基本单位：核苷酸（由1 分子磷酸 +1 分子五碳糖 +1 分子含氮碱基组成）1 分子磷酸脱氧核苷酸 1分子脱氧核糖（4 种） 1分子含氮碱基（ A、T、G、C）1 分子磷酸核糖核苷酸 1分子核糖（4 种） 1分子含氮碱基（ A、U 、G、C）3、种类：脱氧核糖核酸（DNA ）和 核糖核酸（ RNA ）种类英文缩写基本组成单位存在场所脱氧核糖核酸DNA 脱氧核苷酸

45、（ 4 种）主要在细胞核中（在叶绿体和线粒体中有少量存在）核糖核酸RNA 核糖核苷酸（ 4 种）主要存在细胞质中4、生理功能：储存遗传信息，控制蛋白质的合成。（原核、真核生物遗传物质都是DNA ，病毒的遗传物质是DNA或 RNA 。 ）第三章细胞的结构和功能第一节生命活动的基本单位细胞一、细胞学说的建立和发展创立细胞学说的科学家是德国的施莱登和施旺。施旺、施莱登提出“一切动物和植物都是由细胞构成的，细胞是一切动植物的基本单位”。在此基础上德国的魏尔肖总结出：“细胞只能来自细胞” ，细胞是一个相对独立的生命活动的基本单位。这被认为是对细胞学说的重要补充。、光学显微镜的使用1、方法：先对光：一转转

46、换器；二转聚光器；三转反光镜再观察：一放标本孔中央；二降物镜片上方；三升镜筒仔细看2、注意：（1）放大倍数物镜的放大倍数目镜的放大倍数（2）物镜越长，放大倍数越大；目镜越短，放大倍数越大；“物镜玻片标本”越短，放大倍数越大（3）物像与实际材料上下、左右都是颠倒的（4）高倍物镜使用顺序：低倍镜标本移至中央高倍镜大光圈，凹面镜细准焦螺旋第二节细胞的类型和结构一、细胞的类型原核细胞：没有典型的细胞核，无核膜和核仁。如细菌、蓝藻、放线菌等原核生物的细胞。真核细胞：有核膜包被的明显的细胞核。如动物、植物和真菌（酵母菌、霉菌、食用菌）等真核生物的细胞。二、细胞的结构1细胞膜（1）组成：主要为磷脂双分子层（

47、基本骨架）和蛋白质，另有糖蛋白（在膜的外侧）。（2）结构特点：具有一定的流动性（原因：磷脂和蛋白质的运动）；功能特点：具有选择通透性。（3）功能：保护和控制物质进出，细胞识别（与细胞膜上糖蛋白有关）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 27 页heating, ventilation, and other factors. Spacing between buil dings t o meet the specifications required by increases for green buildings, venti

48、lation is good. (2) technical measures for energy-saving instructions: 1) roof: insulated roof. Optional overhea d insulation layer of insulation or planti ng the insulating layer. 2) Windows: building on each floor above ground 80mm, beam with full aluminum window, to lighting, and ventilation. Pub

49、lic locati on lighting control usi ng energy-saving for buildings to extinguish the switch in order to achieve energy-saving effect. Lighting and lamps using high efficiency energy-saving fluoresce nt lamps, usi ng energy-saving qui ck-start ballasts or electronic ballast with low harmonic content,

50、in or der to achieve energy-saving effect. 5) use water-saving equipment and appli ances. Using the closed flush valve, automatic faucets and energy-saving washing tank, etc, reduce the consumption of water resources is invalid, achi eve the purpose of saving water. 6) water recovery and re use. 7)