小升初英语语法总结-PPT-讲解与练习.pptx

《小升初英语语法总结-PPT-讲解与练习.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《小升初英语语法总结-PPT-讲解与练习.pptx（64页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、小升初语法总复习汇总,分类,一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词,八、therebe结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.一般将来时十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句,一、名词,名词（表示人和事物名称的词）,专有名词,普通名词,特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。e.g.JimGreen，NewYork，BankofChina，PekingUniversity星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。,个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student,

2、desk集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class,family物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water,rice,sand，hair抽象名词表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love，carelessness,个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。,英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。,名词的数：,名词复数形式的构成,不规则名词的复数,由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-t

3、eeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen,Practise,peach_2.zoo_3.glass_4.fox_5.lady_6.policewoman_7.house_8.photo_9.monkey_10.wife_11.rose_12.path_13.judge_14.map_,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,pho

4、tos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,二、人称代词和物主代,主格一般用在句子前面，宾格用在动词后面，IamLiLe.Callmelele.形容词性物主代词指“某人的什么”，mybook(我的书),yourpuppy.(你的小狗)名词性人称代词指什么是“某人的”Thisbookismine.(这本书是我的),Practise,_(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom_(她).3.Itsallright;itsonly_(我).4.Today_(我们)wentin_(我们的)car;tomorrow_(我们)aregoingi

5、n_(他们的).5._(我)lend_(我的)booksgladlyto_(我的)friendsandto_(你的).6.Canyouhelp_(我)with_(我的)English.7.When_(你)gotosee_(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto_(他).8._(他们)found_(它)difficulttolearnGerman.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,所有格,所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加schild-childs以-s结尾的单数人称名词

6、末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess,下列情况一般用“of”结构：东西(没有现成的复合名词时):thebookofthefilm2.东西的一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽象的概念:thepriceofsuccess4.当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cantyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?,双重,s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：afriendofmyf

7、athers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。IsntFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTomshastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.,冠词,不定冠词a,an,定冠词the,只能用于单数可数名词之前,单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,不定冠词的用法：表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePEles

8、sonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短语中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache.,定冠词的用法：用来表示“独一无二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介

9、词短语的名词前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。bytheway,inthemorning,Whatsthematter?,零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的复数名词前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多数的专有名词前。HecomesfromFr

10、ance.6.语言的名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。playbasketball10.一些常用短语。athome,gotoschool,atnight,1.Thereis_notebookonmydesk.Iuse_notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis_bottleonthetable._waterinitissweet.3.Wangsmotheris_Englishteache

11、r.Sheteachesin_primaryschool.4.Chinais_ancientcountrywith_longhistory.5.Chinahas_populationof12hundredmillion._Chinesepeopleare_greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_universityteacher.Sheis_honestwoman.7.Noneof_booksshouldbetakenoutof_roomwithout_permissionof_librarian.8._Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_peoplehea

12、rtandsoul.9.Shestudiesat_No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto_schoolby_buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_studentof_English.Shestudiesat_college.,Practise,a,the,a,The,an,the,an,a,the,The,/,a,an,the,the,the,/,The,/,/,/,/,/,a,a,四、动词,动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。,小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can,must等。,Be动词,am,

13、is,are,was,were,been,Practise,1.He_verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI_goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3._youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King_inLondontwoweeksago.5.There_manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What_thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl_flyingakite.8.Who_notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever_toJapan?10.I

14、_notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.,is,are,Were,was,are,was,is,was,been,am,动词的基本形式,第三人称单数现在式,动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。,动词的过去式,现在分词,has,had,having,gives,gave,giving,gets,got,getting,reads,read,reading,sweeps,swept,sweeping,plays,played,playing,carries,carried,carrying,Practise,五、动词的时态,动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间

15、和表示方式的一种动词形式。,小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/areworking3.一般过去时：worked4.一般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork,一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every,onSundays,twiceaweek等。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthe

16、sun.地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时,一般现在时,基本结构,一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._they_(like)theWorldCup?6._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?7.Thegirl_(teac

17、h)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI_(take)awalktogethereveryevening。,三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.H

18、elikesplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._,现在进行时,通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。,基本结构,动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加i

19、ng如：run-running,stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run_swim_make_begin_go_like_write_shop_have_sing_dance_put_see_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look.They_(ha

20、ve)anEnglishlesson.,三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_,一般过去时,通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last,ago,justnow,in1998等。,基本结构,动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work-worked,2结尾是e加d，如：live-lived3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应

21、双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied,5不规则动词过去式：am、is-was,are-were,do-didsee-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat,一、用动词的适当形式填空1.It_(be)B

22、ensbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall_(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He_(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen_(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes_newspapers,butshe_abookyesterday.(read)6._they_(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_.7.I_(watch)acartoononMonday.,一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next,Begoingtodo表示主体现在打

23、算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。,基本结构,练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What_nextMonday?I_playbasketball.（同义句3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_you_meet?,1.Toda

24、yisasunnyday.We_(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2.Mybrother_(go)toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften_(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He_(go)toschoolbybike.4.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects?5.ItsFridaytoday.What_she_(do)thisweekend?She_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects.,用所给词的适当形式填空,

25、Peter_(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe_(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat_(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5._you_(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She_(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What_hisfatherusually_(do)intheevening?8.They_(have)ameetingnextweek,arentthey?9.Bothheand

26、I_(be)teachers.10.I_(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_(go)out.12.LeiFengoften_(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we_(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother_(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.,summary,plays,said,issleeping,is,Are,goingtosee,isntplaying,does,do,aregoingtohave,are,didntfeel,wen

27、t,helps,aregoingtoclean,iswaiting,六、介词,介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。,方位介词,in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between,时间介词,in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between,其它,of,by,with,into,outof,for,Practise,1.Look_thepicture.

28、Itspicture_myschool.2.Thereisaschoolbuilding_myschool.Ithasfivefloors._theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground._school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.3.Myclassroomis_thefifthfloor.Itsbigandclean.4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes_schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes_bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexerci

29、ses_us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard_her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_thetree.,at,of,in,Near,After,on,to,by,with,for,on,七、数词,表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词,112的基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319的基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seve

30、nteen,eighteen,nineteen2090的基数词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2129的基数：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.,-teen,-ty,十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,2.百位数：onehundred,twohundred,threeh

31、undred,fourhundredfivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位数：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive,百位数和十位数之间加and。,注意,英语中没有“万”这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。,tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhu

32、ndredandthirty-two,英语序数词第1-19除了first,second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th构成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如：twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加-

33、th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序数词前的one不能用a代替。onehundredandtwenty-first,Practise,1.Thereare_daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive2._peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof

34、3.Therearetwo_peopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof4._treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof5.Mybrotherisin_.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone6.Wearegoingtol

35、earn_thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis_.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five,C,D,A,A,B,D,C,八、形

36、容词和副词,形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。,副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。,Heisagoodstudent.2.Thefilmisveryinteresting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.LucyisolderthanHelen.,Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.,1.方式副词：carefully,quickly,suddenly2.地点副词：here,there,up,down3.时间副词：yesterday,today,now4.程

37、度副词：very,quite,much,just,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,比较级的用法,1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比更一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.,2.如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用“as+形容词/副词+as”,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用notasas,notsoas,也可以用lessthan，如：Jimm

38、yisastallashisfather.Idontwriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.,比较级的用法,3.为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较”的方法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.,4.表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和th

39、e一起用，表示“越，就越”的意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short_strong_big_small_fat_thin_heavy_light_nice_good_beautiful_low_high_slow_fast_late_early_far_well_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears_(old)thanme.2.Tomisas_(fat)asJim.3.Isyo

40、ursister_(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois_(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.,5._Nancysing_(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_.6.Fangfangisnotas_(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare_(big)than_(she)8.Whogetsup_(early),TimorTom?9._thegirlsgetup_(early)thantheboys?No,they_.,三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_is_thanJim？_are.2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋

41、友都游得比我慢。Ilike_.Allmy_thanme.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_pencilis_,_or_？_is,Ithink.4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_thanmy_.5.多做运动，你会更强壮。_moreexercise,andyoull_soon.,Practise,1.Shanghaiis_thanBeijing.Itis_cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisntas_asMike.Tomis_thanMike.Whois_ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas_asBill,andsheismuch

42、_thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting_and_.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.Johnscomputerismuch_thanTomsandmine.Itis_ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle_todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch_thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well),larger,thelargest,old,older,theoldest,well,better,warmer,warmer,moreexpensive,themostexpensive,wetter,healthier,best,Therebe的结构,肯定句：Thereis/wasaThereare/w