最新商品的价格和贸易术语1精品课件.ppt
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1、商品的价格和贸易术语Pricing and Trade termsPrice terms for goods商品的价格条款nFor example: 1000 USD per M/T FOB Shanghai amount currency unit (measure) trade term 金额 计价货币 计价单位 贸易术语贸易术语的作用n表明商品的价格构成和交货条件n简化交易内容n缩短成交过程n节省业务费用International Commercial termsnIncoterms.nPurposeIncotermsnThe system of definitions that is
2、most widely used by exporter throughout the world is “Incoterms” (developed by the International Chamber of Commerce).nThe purpose is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terns in international trade. Thus , the uncertainties of different int
3、erpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree. 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则年国际贸易术语解释通则Trade (Price or Delivery) termsref. Page137-144 Incoterms 2000Group E(departure)Group CMain CarriageGroup D(Arrival)Group F(Main Carriage unpaid) E组术语启运EXW工厂交货F组术语
4、主运费未付FCA FASFOB货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船上交货C组术语主运费已付CFRCIFCPTCIP成本加运费成本加保险费加运费运费付至运费、保险费付至D组术语到达术语DAFDESDEQDDUDDP边境交货目的港船上交货目的港码头交货未完税交货完税后交货2000年国际贸易术语解释通则年国际贸易术语解释通则n共13个贸易术语n分为四组 E组 1个 EXW F组 3个 FCA FAS FOB C组 4个 CFR CIF CPT CIP D组 5个 DAF DES DEQ DDU DDPcritical points (两个关键点)n(point for division of risk,
5、 or responsibility)风险,责任划分点n(point for division of costs)费用划分点卖方义务和买方义务 E F C D卖方义务逐渐增加,费用承担增加,风险增加买方义务逐渐减少,费用承担减少,风险减少The Three Popular Trade termsRef.: Section 17nFOBnCFR(C&F)nCIFFOBnFOB means “Free on Board”. The goods are placed on board a ship by the seller at a port of shipment named in the sa
6、les contract. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ships rail.nFree On Board(named port of shipment)n船上交货(指定装运港)n适合的运输方式:海运及内河航运FOB的双方责任n卖方负责按合同规定在指定的船上交货,并及时通知买方。n卖方负责办理出口手续n买方负责租船订舱,支付运费,并将船名、装货地点和装货时间及时通知卖方n承担货物越过船舷后的一切费用和风
7、险注意n风险划分以船舷为界n风险和费用的划分点并不同n船货衔接问题 如果买方未能按时派船(提前或延迟),卖方都有权拒绝交货,由此产生的各种损失由买方自行承担。 如果买方按期派船,而卖方未备妥货物,由此产生的各种损失由卖方承担。FOB条件下装船费用的负担n装船时涉及的费用 将货物运至船边的费用、吊装上船的费用、理舱费、平舱费n理舱费:货物入舱后进行安置和整理的费用n平舱费:对装入船舱的散装货物进行平整所需的费用 Case Study: FOBn某合同出售一级大米 300 吨,按 FOB 条件成交,装船时货物经公证人检验,符合合同规定的品质条件,卖方在装船后已及时发出装船通知。但航行途中由于海浪过
8、大,大米被海水浸泡,品质受到影响。当货物到达目的港时,只能按三级大米的价格出售,因而买方要求卖方赔偿差价损失。试问在上述情况下,卖方对该项损失是否负责?为什么?CFR(C&F)术语nCost and Freight(named port of destination). The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as of any c
9、ost increases, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.n成本加运费(指定目的港)n适合的运输方式:海运和内河航运买卖双方的义务n卖方负责签订运输合同,支付运费并在装船之后及时通知买方;n风险划分点在装运港船舷;n卖方办理出口手续;n买方接受货物,并按合同规定支付货款;n办理进口手续注意n装船通知(便于买方办理投保手续) 如果卖方未向买方发出装船通知,致使买方未能办理货物保险,那么货物在海运途中的风险被视为卖方负担。
10、n卸货费用的承担问题 CFRCFR时间上是毫不迟疑的,时间上是毫不迟疑的,内容上是详尽的内容上是详尽的Case Study: CFRn我某公司以CFR术语出口一批陶瓷,我方按期在装运港装船后,即将有关交易所需单据寄交买方,要求买方支付货款。过后,业务人员才发现忘记向买方发出装船通知。此时,买方已来函向我方提出索赔,因为货物在运输途中因海上风险而损毁。 问:我方能否以货物运输风险是由买方承担为由拒绝买方的索赔?CIF术语nCost , Insurance and Freight(named port of destination). This term is basically the same
11、 as CFR but with the addition that the seller has to procure marine insurance against the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts with the insurer and pays the insurance premium. 成本加保险费、运费(指定目的港)n适合的运输方式:海运及内河航运n风险划分点:装运港船舷CIF术语下买卖双方的义务n卖方签订运输合同及保险合同,在规定的时间和港
12、口,将货物装上船并支付到目的港的运费;n办理出口手续;n买方接受货物、支付货款;n买方承担自货物越过船舷后的风险;n办理进口手续;注意n保险险别 一般在合同中明确规定险别及保险金额; 未规定,则只需投保最低的险别。n卸货费用负担(类似于CFR)n象征性交货(Symbolic Delivery) Case Study CIFn山东 韩国 水泥 货物在港口准备起航时,因为雾大与港口内的另一膄驳船发生了刮蹭,船外处被划裂,部分水泥被泡。韩方认为货物在中国港出事,应由中方负责。中方企业业务员觉得运输保险是自己办理的,且出事在中国海域,自己理应承担一定的责任。FOB, CFR, CIFFOB, CFR,
13、 CIF都是以船舷确定风险和责任都是以船舷确定风险和责任选择贸易术语时应注意问题Sample writing nDear -:nThis corporation specializes in exporting electronic products, which sell well in various countries. Now we are writing to offer you an opportunity to develop trade. If you are interested in establishing business relations with us in th
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