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1、一一. .终止性动词终止性动词& &持续性(延持续性(延续性和非延续性)动词:续性和非延续性)动词:1.1.概念概念2.2.区别区别二二.When.When和和whilewhile用法的用法的1.1.区别区别2.2.举例举例终止性动词终止性动词& &持续性动词的持续性动词的区别区别英语中表示动作动作的动词,按其动作发生过程的长长短短,可分为持续性动词和终止性动词。持续性动词(或称为“延续性动词”) 表示的动作是一种延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或者产生持久的影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,have等终止性动词 (非延续性)表示的动作不能延续,即动作结束
2、后立即结束结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,动作就不能再继续下去。如:marry,close,die,jump,buy,borrow,start等 注注:若表示状态和持续若表示状态和持续性动作时,必须用持续性动作时,必须用持续性动词性动词。 when和while的区别 when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间; while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以
3、是同时,也可以是先后发生; while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时; 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如: a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为: While we were talking, the teacher came in. b. They were singing while we were dancing. when和while 还可作并列连词。
4、 when表示“在那时”; while表示“而,却”,表对照关系。 如: a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。 When和和while引导时间状语从句的区别引导时间状语从句的区别 一、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while只能和延续性动词连
5、用。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的? Sorry,I was out when you called me(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。 Strike while the iron is hot(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。 二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;后或同时发生;while从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语从句
6、的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。动作同时发生。 1从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。 When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。 When I got to the airport,the guests had left(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。 2从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,动词时,when,while都可使用都可使用。
7、When While we were dancing,a stranger came in(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。 When While she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。 3在将来时从句中,常用在将来时从句中,常用when,且从句须,且从句须用一般时代替将来时用一般时代替将来时。 You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。 When the
8、manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。 课堂练习 用when,while填空 1. _ the alien was in the museum , I called the police . 2. The boy was walking down the street _ a UFO landed . 3. _ the alien was visiting the museum , the boy called the TV station . 4. I
9、was cleaning my room _ the fire broke out . 5. _ Linda was shouting his name , some people looked at her . 6. _ Linda finally saw Davy , he was jumping with a dog .WhilewhenWhilewhenWhileWhenWhen and whileWhen and while意为“当时候”的用法的用法 When 引导的从句表示的动作或状态可以与主句同时发生,也可以先后或紧接发生。1. 可以指时间的一点,从句的谓语动词用终止终止性性动词
10、2. 可以指一段时间,从句用持续性持续性动词。For example 1.1.WhenWhen I I camecame home, home, my wife my wife was cookingwas cooking dinner.dinner. 当我回家的时候,我当我回家的时候,我的妻子正在做饭。的妻子正在做饭。2.The boy 2.The boy was was walkingwalking down the down the street street whenwhen the UFO the UFO landedlanded. .当飞碟着陆的时候,那当飞碟着陆的时候,那个男孩正
11、走在街上。个男孩正走在街上。WhileWhile 只能指一段时间,从句用持续性持续性动词,不能指时间的一点。其引导的从句表示的动作或状态常与主句同时发生。For example 1.While 1.While hehe was was, I , I asked him to lend me asked him to lend me 2 yuan.2 yuan.当他正在吃饭的时候,当他正在吃饭的时候,我请他借给我我请他借给我2 2元钱。元钱。2.2.While While the boythe boy was was walkingwalking down the down the street
12、, the UFO street, the UFO landed. landed. 当那个男孩走在街上的当那个男孩走在街上的时候,飞碟着陆了。时候,飞碟着陆了。比较比较 “whenwhen” and and “whilewhile” when “当当.时候时候”,指时间段或时间点。,指时间段或时间点。 后面跟的动作后面跟的动作不延续, 常跟一般过去时常跟一般过去时When the UFO took off, the boy was taking photos2.while “当当.时候时候”,指时间段,指时间段 后面跟的动作后面跟的动作延续, 常跟过去进行时常跟过去进行时While the b
13、oy waswas taking photos, the UFO took off, Summary the grammar:比较比较 “whenwhen” and and “whilewhile”2. When the UFO landed, the boy was walkin down the street. While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed 1. When the alien got out, the girl was shopping. While the girl was shopping, the alien got out. Target Language:=Exercises1.当我的妹妹正在沿着街道走路的时候,一个飞碟着陆了。2.当我的妈妈看见外星人的时候,她正在买东西。3.在我睡觉之前,我写完作业了。4.在我写完作业以后,我睡觉了。5.我直到写完作业才睡觉。
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