高考英语（江苏专用）大二轮总复习课件阅读理解专题：专题四.ppt

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1、词义猜测词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目，考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义。词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考点，每年高考都有涉及。1词义猜测类题目中常含有refers to，means，be placed by，is closest in meaning to，stand for，be defined as等。2解答这类题目最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下求证

2、”是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。具体方法1根据接近或递进关系：由and或or等可确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。2根据选择或相对关系：对比or(要么，或者)前面和后面的句子或词语，来猜测生词的含义。3根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。4根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。5根据因果关系：根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果，也可由果推因。常见的词有：since，as，therefore，due to，thus 等。6根据列举的实例：根据such as，for

3、 example等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。7根据并列同类关系：一般说来，并列的几个事物应属同类事物，由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。8利用构词法猜测词义：很多词都可以通过分析其“转化”“合成”或“派生”来确定该词在具体语境中的意义。注意：考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。【典例1】Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museu

4、m in the capital，Addis Ababa，is a_replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston，Texas，spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the US.tour，which will start in Houston next September.What do the words “a replic

5、a” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA painting of the skeleton.BA photograph of Lucy.CA copy of the skeleton.DA written record of Lucy.解析一副320万年的猿人骨骼化石即将首次在国外巡回展览，相关事宜正在紧锣密鼓地策划之中。本题需要猜测的词是replica，属于生僻词。根据画线部分后面的“while the real remains”可推知，画线部分指的是骨骼复制品，故选C项(A copy of the skeleton)，while“而”，为上下文“对比”关系。故答案为C。【

6、典例2】The CRFs produce is “green”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Serieswith Sichuan pepper，red bean(豆)，cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate snobs，who think that they have a better knowl

7、edge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo，Cuba，Venezuela，and Ghana，among others.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _.Aare particular about chocolateBknow little about cocoa beansClook down upon othersDlike to try new flavors解

8、析根据后面定语从句句意“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”可以推断出答案为A项：“对巧克力很挑剔”。B项“对可可豆了解很少”，C项“轻视别人”，D项“喜欢尝试新味道”，这三项都不是对先行词的解释。故答案为A。【典例3】“Have a nice day.Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words come out in the same tone(腔调) with

9、a fixed procedure.They are spoken at me，not to me.Obviously，the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?AThe salesgirl is rude.BThe salesgirl is bored.CThe salesgirl cares about me.DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.解析祝愿用语也许没有任何意义，对方也许并不是真诚的，但这确实是我们挂在嘴边的一句话，人听了后会很舒服。根据本段最后一句可知，她关心的是如何让自己的生意更加兴隆，向作者和其他人表达祝愿只是“例行公事”而已。故答案选D。点击此处进入点击此处进入