高中语法——被动语态.ppt

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1、（被动语态被动语态）The man _ (call) “Good husband”.is calledPlease fill in the blanks according to the words in the bracket.The pet dog _ (treat) by a veterinary (兽医兽医)now. is being treatedA frog _ (catch) by a big bird just now.was caughtAn argument _ already _ (put forward). has been put forwardThey _ to t

2、he hospital right now. (must send)must be sent语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday. （主动

3、语态）（主动语态）The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. （被动语态）（被动语态）1.The man is called “Good husband”.2.The pet dog is being treaded by a veterinary now.3. A frog was caught by a big bird just now.4. An argument has already been put forward.5. They must be sent to the hospital right now.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构一

4、般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在过去过去 将来将来过去将来过去将来情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态： 被动语态的结构被动语态的结构一般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been done过去过去was / were donewas / were being done had been done将来将来shall / will be done过去将来过去将来would be done情态动词情态动词 (mustcancould may) + be + done+done+doneam/is/a

5、re 一般现在时一般现在时+doneam/is/are 一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+being现在进行时现在进行时+doneam/is/are 一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+being现在进行时现在进行时have/has+been现在完成时现在完成时+doneam/is/are 一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+being现在进行时现在进行时have/has+been现在完成时现在完成时shall/will+be一般将来时一般将来时+donewas/were 一般过去时一般过去时+donewas/were 一般过去时一般过去时was/were+being过去进行时过

6、去进行时+donewas/were 一般过去时一般过去时was/were+being过去进行时过去进行时had+been过去完成时过去完成时+donewas/were 一般过去时一般过去时was/were+being过去进行时过去进行时had+been过去完成时过去完成时would+be过去将来时过去将来时How can we change a sentence into the passive voice ?How can we change a sentence into the passive voice ?1. Find out the object of the sentence a

7、nd use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.How can we change a sentence into the passive voice ?1. Find out the object of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.2. Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.How

8、 can we change a sentence into the passive voice ?1. Find out the object of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.2. Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.3. If necessary, use “by” to join the former subject, which should be

9、put into its object form.Change the following sentences into the passive voice:1. All of us like her.2. We are discussing the question.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.Change the following sentences into the passive voice:1. All of us like her.2. We are discussin

10、g the question.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.Change the following sentences into the passive voice:1. All of us like her.2. We are discussing the question.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.She is liked by all of us.Change th

11、e following sentences into the passive voice:1. All of us like her.2. We are discussing the question.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.She is liked by all of us.The question is being discussed.Change the following sentences into the passive voice:1. All of us like

12、 her.2. We are discussing the question.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.She is liked by all of us.The question is being discussed.The meeting has been put off.Change the following sentences into the passive voice:1. All of us like her.2. We are discussing the que

13、stion.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.She is liked by all of us.The question is being discussed.The meeting has been put off.My picture will be developed next week.Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:1. I _(give) a new book by my father on

14、my birthday.2. English _(find) very useful.3. The work _(finish) tomorrow.4. The flowers _(water) by them now.5.The trees _ (must plant) on the groundFill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:1. I _(give) a new book by my father on my birthday.2. English _(find) very useful.3. The wo

15、rk _(finish) tomorrow.4. The flowers _(water) by them now.was givenFill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:1. I _(give) a new book by my father on my birthday.2. English _(find) very useful.3. The work _(finish) tomorrow.4. The flowers _(water) by them now.was given is foundFill in

16、 the blanks with the right form of the words given:1. I _(give) a new book by my father on my birthday.2. English _(find) very useful.3. The work _(finish) tomorrow.4. The flowers _(water) by them now.was given is foundwill be finishedFill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:1. I _(

17、give) a new book by my father on my birthday last week.2. English _(find) very useful.3. The work _(finish) tomorrow.4. The flowers _(water) by them now.5. The trees _ (must plant) on the ground.was given is foundwill be finished are being wateredmust be plantedPlease read Point 3 and 4 on Page 48.被

18、动语态的各种句型：被动语态的各种句型：1.单宾语结构单宾语结构Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.Please read Point 3 on Page 48.被动语态的各种句型：被动语态的各种句型：1.单宾语结构单宾语结构Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher ) in teaching Engl

19、ish.Please read Point 3 on Page 48.2.双宾语结构双宾语结构uThe villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.2.双宾语结构双宾语结构uThe villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.uThe foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.2.双宾语结构双宾语结构uThe villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.uThe

20、 foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.uA warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.常见的词有：常见的词有：bring，give，hand，pass，show，pay，sell，tell，send，teach，lend，offer+sb.sth.常见的词有：常见的词有：bring，give，hand，pass，show，pay，sell，tell，send，teach，lend，offer+sb.sth.sb. be given s

21、th.sth. be given to sb. 在在主动语态主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动中，有些使役动词和感官动词词后接不带后接不带_的不定式的不定式作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。但在但在被动语态被动语态中，要改为中，要改为带带_的不定式的不定式作作主语补足语。主语补足语。3.复合宾语结构复合宾语结构toto在在主动语态主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动中，有些使役动词和感官动词词后接不带后接不带to的不定式的不定式作宾语补足语。但在作宾语补足语。但在被动语态被动语态中，要改为中，要改为带带to的不定式的不定式作主语补作主语补足语。足语。 see/hear/make/watch/notice

22、sb.do sth. sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.5.在在主动语态主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官中，有些使役动词和感官动词动词后接不带后接不带to的不定式的不定式作宾语补足语。但作宾语补足语。但在在被动语态被动语态中，要改为中，要改为带带to的不定式的不定式作主语作主语补足语。补足语。They saw the boy fall from the tree. see/hear/make/watch/notice sb.do sth. sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.5.在在主动语态主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官中，有些使役动

23、词和感官动词动词后接不带后接不带to的不定式的不定式作宾语补足语。但作宾语补足语。但在在被动语态被动语态中，要改为中，要改为带带to的不定式的不定式作主语作主语补足语。补足语。They saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree. see/hear/make/watch/notice sb.do sth. sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.The teacher makes his studentswrite a composition every week. The

24、 teacher makes his studentswrite a composition every week. The students are made _a composition every week.to write3.复合宾语结构复合宾语结构They heard someone singing in the next room.object3.复合宾语结构复合宾语结构They heard someone singing in the next room.objectObject complement3.复合宾语结构复合宾语结构They heard someone singing

25、 in the next room.objectObject complement3.复合宾语结构复合宾语结构They heard someone singing in the next room.Someone was heard singing in the next room.4.宾语从句的复合句宾语从句的复合句 We believe he will succeed.He is believed to succeed.It is believed that he will succeed.不定式结构（不定式结构（to do）从句结构（从句结构（that ） People say you

26、are a real hero. You _ a real hero. _you are a real hero.are said to be It is said thatGet can also be used in the passive voice instead of be. For example,5 5Get can also be used in the passive voice instead of be. For example, My bike got stolen last night. This window seems to have got broken.5 5

27、1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (MET98)A. payB. paying C. paidD. to pay2. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. (04全国全国II)A. get changedB. get change C. get changingD. get to change1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (M

28、ET98)A. payB. paying C. paidD. to pay2. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. (04全国全国II)A. get changedB. get change C. get changingD. get to change1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (MET98)A. payB. paying C. paidD. to pay2. Sarah, hurry up. Im a

29、fraid you cant have time to _ before the party. (04全国全国II)A. get changedB. get change C. get changingD. get to changeAnswers:1-5 CDCBC6-10 CCBBD你们学校附近有一个大图书馆，馆内有各种各样你们学校附近有一个大图书馆，馆内有各种各样的书，请你将这个图书馆的要求向你的同学作一的书，请你将这个图书馆的要求向你的同学作一介绍，以便他们去那儿看书时能遵守规则。介绍，以便他们去那儿看书时能遵守规则。1. 不要把包带进图书馆。不要把包带进图书馆。 2. 看书时保持安静

30、。看书时保持安静。3. 一次可借四本书，不能将书转借给别人，一次可借四本书，不能将书转借给别人， 4. 图书馆每天早晨图书馆每天早晨8:00开门，必须在下午开门，必须在下午6:00前前要按时还书。要按时还书。离开图书馆。离开图书馆。 Rules for library use Library is of great use for students, so it_( should keep) in a good order. Let me introduce you some rules of borrowing books and library use. First, bags_(allo

31、w) to be taken into the library. Youd better keep it outside. Second, silence_ ( must keep) in the library, anyone breaking that rule will_ (advise) to leave. should be keptare not allowedmust be keptbe advised Third, you can borrow four books at a time, which are to _(return) on time and are not al

32、lowed to be lent to others. Finally, the library _ (open) at 6.a.m and closed at 8.p.m. We hope that all these rules _(can obey) by us students. be returedis openedcan be obeyed有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。 一、表示一、表示“开始开始”；“结束结束”类的动词。常见类的动词。常见的这类动词有的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, end,

33、 finish, stop等。例如：等。例如： School begins in September. The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays. 二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock等。这些动词常与副等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：词或否定词连用。例如： The machine runs well. This pen w

34、rites quite smoothly. The bookshelf hardly sells. 三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例等。例如：如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 四、动名词主动形

35、式表示被动意义四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义 1. 在在need, require, want(需要需要)等动词后，表等动词后，表示某物示某物(人人)要进行要进行处理时，后接动名词处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：当于不定式的被动式。例如： Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvem

36、ent B. improve C. improving D. improvedC2. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 His suggestion is not worth considering. 五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑 上的主谓关系时。例如：上的主谓关系时。例如： The next train to arrive was from New York. 2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有作定语的不定式与被修

37、饰的名词或代词有 逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接 宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。 Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. 3. 用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不 定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系 时，一般用主动形式。例如：时，一般用主动形式。例如： His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to get along with?(间接宾语间接宾语me是是to eat的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) (主语主语I是是to do的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) ( (不定式与宾语有动宾关系不定式与宾语有动宾关系) )(状语状语to follow与主语有动宾关系与主语有动宾关系)