2022年牛津英语高三语法复习动词的时态语态图表讲解 .pdf

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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思动词的时态语态1.时态时态用法例示一般现在时现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在 的 状 态 ， 常 与usually, always, seldom, often, frequently, every day 等时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other. He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others. 主语现在的特征，性格和状态She is always ready to help others. -do you s

2、ing? a little 客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun. 在由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however 等引起的时间 （条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place. Howe

3、ver much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants. 安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于 begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类动词。The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常 与yesterday, in 1996, two years ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day

4、等表示过去的时间状语连用。The Great Wall came into being in 221BC. 过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用，used to , would 常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Would 不接表示认识或状态的词，但used to 不受限制。When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop. We used to get up at five every morning when were at school. We wo

5、uld ask him for advice when we had trouble with our English. He used to like football when I was at middle school. 过去发生的一系列动作The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction. 在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。He said he would let us know if he got any news. He promised t

6、hat he would buy some copies for us when he went there. I didn t know you bought the present for me. 语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚刚，刚才，” 之意，暗示现在已 “不再这样”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思一般将来时Shall/will +动词原形1 单纯表将来2 不用于条件句中3 表必然的将来4 表意愿，决心He will be thirty years old next ye

7、ar. If you will wait here, the manage will be back 10 mins later. Be going to 1 计划打算干2, 客观迹象预示Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm. If you are going to do it, you had better do it well. Be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用，但可和when 从句连用Be to 1 预定要做2 表示命令，禁止应该 3 注定We are to finish the

8、work before five this year. No one is to leave the cinema without the police s police s permission 瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。Go start, set out, leave , reach, arrive, return, come, move, take off They are moving Nanjing for Guangzhou on Sunday. 祈使句 /短语 +and/or +主语 +will Work hard and you ll succeed A bit more e

9、ffort, and you will succeed. 将来完成时表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作I shall have finished this one before lunch. I hope well have got the instructions (说明书 ) ready before you come tomorrow. 过去将来时Was/were going to Was/were to Was about to Was/were + 现在分词Was/were on the point of 现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作

10、Look! The boy is dozing off. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行）How are you getting along with your English these days. 表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常 与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）The children are always making trouble. She is always asking the same question. 瞬间动词表将来过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特

11、定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常 与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）瞬间动词表将来描写故事的背景It was winter. The north wind has blowing hard 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思and a heavy snow was falling. A poor little girl was walking in the street. 用在

12、复合句中He was reading while his wife was cooking. While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter. 不与时间状语连用，表示逐渐的发展It was getting darker. 现在完成时对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续常与有介词for, during, in within, over 引导的时间状语连用We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks. I haven t seen him in the recent years. 表示反

13、复或习惯性的动作，常与several times, once, twice, 等频度副词连用I have watched him several times. He has been to London twice. 用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。I will give my opinion after I have read through the book. We will set out at once if the rain has stopped 现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在， 甚至将来。（强调进行的过程）He is ill

14、. he has been lying in bed for three weeks. She is very tired. she has been typing letters all day. 一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 过去完成时表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other

15、since 1990 表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计 划。 常用 此结构德动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to. They had expected to get what they needed, but there was nothing there. 用于 no sooner than; hardly when的句型中I had no sooner returned than he called. 时态比较过

16、去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. 现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成现在完成进行时强调动作在继续We have discussed the question with him. We have been discussing the question with him all evening. 固定句型By the end of By the end of last ter

17、m, we had learned 2000 words. By the end of this term, we will have learned It is the first time It was the first time It is the first time that you have visited our school. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思It is high time that It was the first time that you

18、 had visited It is high time that you came here. 2 语态主动表被动及物动词作不及物用副词（hardly, easily, badly, nicely, well, smoothly ）等时。常用动词有act, add, bend, close, lock, cut, begin, move, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, wear, write 等，主语往往是物而不是人。The pen write well. Wood burns easily. The car drives smoothl

19、y. The case locks easily. 形容词不定式结构中， 不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时。要注意如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态，否则用被动。The picture is pleasant to look at. I found his theory hard to understand. I found my theory hard to be understood. 介词短语in sight, on show, on sale, under construction 作表语或定语表被动。The new railway under construction will

20、 be completed soon. Be worth, be missing , in need of , remaining, want/need/require be to blame be to let The teaching method is in need of improving. There is no remaining money here. The house is to let 连 系 动 词 ： 表 感 觉 的appear, feel, prove, taste ,表变化的become, come fall, grow, turn,表依旧的continue, l

21、ie, remain, stay, stand Einstein s theory proved to be correct. 某些动词以物做主语，进行时表被动eg. Print, cook, fry, hang, build, make The dinner is cooking. The book is printing. The house is building. 被动表主动Burn, devote, dress, hide, seat, love, wear, tire+oneself +介词 be+ed +介词He seats himself on the bench. Affec

22、t, amuse, astonish, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, strike, touch, upset, worry等用于sb+be+ed sth+be + ing 作定语 ed+sb ing+sth He was too frightened to move. 不用被动语态Come about, occur, break out, belong to, happen, succeed, fail, add up to, take place, come into

23、 being, cost, set sail for, take part in, give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in 双重被动式常用的动词有wish, expect, advise, mean, believe, suppose, order, allow The book is believed to have been translated into French. The sports meet was never expected to be put off. Get, become, go ,come ,feel, gro

24、w, I grew excited and a little frightened. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思seem, look 可以作为系动词在口语中使用He seemed satisfied with my offer Five soldiers got wounded in the battle. 高考对于进行体的常考点1 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。Tom slipped into the house when n

25、o one was looking. As he was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep. 2. 表示动作的未完性，暂时性。I don t really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 3. 表示现在或当时发展中或正在进行的情况。I don t think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space. I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at that time. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页