2022年中考英语语法复习列表—过去进行时和一般过去时的比较 .pdf

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1、1 中考英语语法复习列表过去进行时和一般过去时的比较过去进行时过去进行时的用法1）过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行，过去时间可以由一个状语表示出来：What were you doing when I rang you up? 我给你打电话时你在干吗？I was having a bath (at that time). ( 那时 )我在洗澡。You were then working in the post office, weren t you? 那时你在邮局工作，对吧？I was writing a letter when she called. 她来时我正在写信。I was

2、 busy yesterday. I was preparing for the exams. 昨天我很忙，我在准备考试。At that moment, I wasn t doing anything. 那会儿我什么也没做。I was thinking of you all those years. 那些年我一直惦记着你。有时候时间由上下文表示出来：Jane was in town. She was doing some shopping. 简在城里，在买东西。The bride was wearing a pink dress and carrying a small bouquet. 新娘

3、穿着粉红色的裙服，手上拿着一小束花。He was sitting alone on the deck. 他一个人坐在甲板上。Someone was following her. She was scared. 有人跟着她，她很害怕。A small orchestra was playing. 一支小型管弦乐队在演奏。They knew what they were working for. 他们知道在为什么而工作。I didn t know you were still waiting for me. 我不知道你还在等我。I asked him to tell me what was trou

4、bling him. 我让他说出他的烦心事。2）过去进行时可以用来描绘一幅景象，作为描绘的开始：A fire was burning and a cat was sleeping in front of it. A girl was playing the piano and singing softly to herself. Then there was a knock at the door. 炉火烧着，一只猫睡在炉火前。一个女孩在弹钢琴，轻声对自己唱着，这时有人敲门。She was sitting at the window, watching the evening invade t

5、he avenue. Suddenly she heard someone calling her from downstairs, and she recognized the voice. She stood up quickly. 她坐在窗前，看着暮色渐渐笼罩大街。突然她听到楼下有人叫她。她听出了这声音， 迅速站了起来。在故事中间也可用过去进行时来描绘一幅景象：At last we got to the top of the mountain. White snow covered everything. People were sitting in groups of three an

6、d four. Some were lying on their backs. When they saw us, they were very happy and shouted: “We thought you had lost your way! ” 最后我们爬上了山顶。白雪覆盖着一切，人们三五成群地坐着，有的人仰面躺着。他们看到我们时非常高兴，高声叫到：“我们还以为你们迷路了！ ”在小说中我们常可以看到这样的段落。过去进行时和一般过去时的比较1）过去进行时和一般过去时的基本差别是，过去进行时表示一个正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个业已完成的动作。试比较下面的句子：I was wri

7、ting an essay. 我在写一篇论文。 （可能还没写完）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页I wrote an essay yesterday. 我昨天写了一篇论文。 （已写完）They were building a skyscraper. 他们在建一座摩天大楼。（在修建）They built a skyscraper. 他们盖了一座摩天大楼。（已盖好）She was knitting a sweater for Tom. 她在给汤姆织一件毛衣。She knitted a sweater for Tom.

8、 她给汤姆织了一件毛衣。He was doing his homework in the afternoon. 下午他在做作业。He did his homework in the afternoon. 下午他把作业做完了。2）有些动词本身并不表示动作完成，如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, wait, stay, work 等，这时用两种时态意思上差别不大：It snowed all night. 下了一整夜的雪。It was snowing all night. She wore a blue coat. 她穿着一件蓝外套。She was wearing a b

9、lue coat. He felt a bit uneasy. 他感到有点不自在。He was feeling a bit uneasy. We stayed in a hotel. 我们住在旅馆里。We were staying in a hotel. 3）用进行时态有时有感情色彩，特别是带有always, forever, constantly 这类状语时，如：He was always ringing up. 他总是给我打电话。 （厌烦）She was always working. 她总是不停地干活。 （赞扬）The old lady was forever grumbling. 这老

10、太太老是嘀嘀咕咕。（厌烦）He was constantly changing his mind. 他总是改变主意。 （不以为然）4）有时用进行时表示现在的想法，可以显得客气一点，如：I was wondering whether you could give me some advice. 不知你能否帮我出点主意。I was thinking maybe he could go by taxi. 我在想或许他可以坐的士去。I was hoping you could reconsider our proposal. 我希望你能再考虑一下我们的建议。表示过去某时预计要发生的情况的用法有些结构可

11、以表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事，如：1）过去进行时（仅限于come, go, leave 这类动词）：He was busy packing, for he was leaving that night. 他忙着收拾行李，因为那晚他就要走了。Mr. Brown was coming to dinner. 布郎先生要来吃晚饭。She told me she was going to Boston. 她告诉我她要去波士顿。We were very excited as we were flying to Europe the next morning. 我们很激动，因为第二天早晨我们就

12、要飞往欧洲了。2) was going to: She said she was going to come early. 她说她一早就来。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页Judy was going to meet me, but she was ill and couldn t come. 朱迪本来是要来和我们会面的，但她生病了没能来。When I arrived, the train was just going to start. 我到车站时火车正要出发。3) be about to (表示“就要” 、

13、“即将”发生某事)：He was about to go out when the phone rang. 他正要出去时电话响了。I was just about to explain when she interrupted me. 我正要解释，她打断了我的话。It was seven oclock. The show was about to start. 七点钟了，演出即将开始。4) be due to（表示“定于” ） ：He was due to speak that night. 他定于那天晚上发言。Mary was due to leave at 2 o clock. 马丽定于两

14、点出发。The conference was due to start in 2 weeks time. 会议定于两周后开始。She was due to graduate in the coming summer. 她将于这个夏天毕业。2 most almost mostly mainly 区别most almost mostly这三个词都可以作副词，但意义和用法不同。1）most用在形容词或副词前面，等于very ，起加强语气的作用。表示“ 很、十分、非常”most前面不可有定冠词the 。如：This is a most useful book 这是一本很有用的书。Its most da

15、ngerous to play with fire 火是很危险的。2）almost = very nearly。指在程度上相差很少，almost可与 no ，none ，nothing，never ，nobody等表示否定意义的词连用。如：I almost missed the flight我差一点误了航班。Almost no one believed what he said几乎没人相信他的话。3）mostly mainly“ 大部分 ”“主要地 ”“通常地 ” 。如：The students in our class are mostly from the factory我们班的学生主要来

16、自这家工厂。His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries他的故事大多是关于他在国外旅游的经历。mostly 主要是说 “ 大部分地，大多数地” ，而 mainly 则应理解为 “ 主要地 ” The racers are _ old people in their sixties. A. most B. mostly C. almost D. at the most 3 same similar 区分same 相似程度很高similar 相似程度低精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

17、- - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页same 的固定搭配是be the same as和一样similar 的固定搭配是be similar to和相似eg:Your bag is the same as mine. This book is similar to that one. 4 time 各词组at times = sometimes ( “有时 ” ，“ 时常 ” ，“ 多次 ” ) ，而 at all times = always （“ 总是 ” ，“ 随时 ” ，“ 一直 ” ）。She does good works at all times. 她的工作总是干得很好

18、。I feel a little nervous at times. 我有时候会觉得有点紧张。At times Jean s mother lets her hold the baby. 珍妮的妈妈有时候会叫她抱小孩。at a time 意为 “ 每次；一次 ” 。at one time 意为 “ 同时；曾经一度” ，常用于过去时。at the time 意为 “ 在那时；在那段时间” 。常用于过去时态。from time to time 经常例： Take two pills at a time. 一次服两粒。At one time they were friends, but they a

19、re seldom together now. 他们曾经是朋友，但是现在很少在一起了。He agreed at the time but later changed his mind. 他当时同意了，但后来又改变了主意。He went fishing from time to time. 他不时去钓鱼5 When while as 的区别和用法(1) 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作，三者都可用：He fell asleep when while, as he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。【注】 as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能

20、是那些含有动作 (action)和发展 (development) 意味的动词， 一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等)，所以下面一句中的while 不能换为as：A：I m going to the post office. 我要去邮局。B：While you re there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗? (2) 若主、 从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用while：精选学习资料

21、- - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页Don t talk while you re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不做声。但是，若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意思，通常用as：She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。(3) 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用as / when 但不用while：It was raining hard when as we arrived. 我们

22、到达时正下着大雨。(4) 若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时 )发生的短暂性动作，用as / when：I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。(5) 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”，一般用as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移，情况越来越好。As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚，天气越冷。(6) 表示“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性)，一般要用

23、when：It s cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。(7) 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用when：I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时，我就回家去。(8) when 可用作并列连词， 表示“这时 (突然 )” ；while 也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却” (表示对比 )；但as 则没有类似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下

24、雨了。He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。(9) as 和 when 后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句，但while 一般不这样用：As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。(10) when 和 while 后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但as 一般不这样用：When While reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。When While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。6 句子成分由

25、不同词类的单词，按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子。一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成，这些部分叫做句子成分(members of the sentence) 。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。现分述如下：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页（一）主语主语 (subject) 是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。例如：Walls ha

26、ve ears. 隔墙有耳。（名词做主语）He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。（代词做主语）Three plus four equals seven. 三加四等于七。（数词做主语）To see is to believe. 眼见为实。（动词不定式做主语）Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。（动名词做主语）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决与天气。（从句做主语）（二）谓语动词谓语动词 (predi

27、cate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的句子成分。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。例如：Action speaks louder than words. 百说不如一干。Tom was very sick at heart. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页汤姆心里非常难过。Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 自 1994 年以来，玛丽一直在那家服装店工作。（三

28、）表语表语（ predicative ）是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的，它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、副词以及表语从句等。例如：My father is a professor. 我父亲是一位教授。（名词作表语）Whos that? Its me. 是谁呀？是我。（代词作表语）Everything here is dear to her. 这里的一切她都感到亲切。（形容词作表语）The match became very exciting. 比赛变得很紧张。（分词作表语）The story of my life may be of

29、help to others. 我的生活经历对别人可能有帮助。（介词短语作表语）Three times five is fifteen. 三乘五等于十五。（数词作表语）His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是在城里找工作。（动词不等式作表语）My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页我最初的想法是你应当掩饰你的感情。（从句作表语）（四）宾语宾语（ object ）表示动作

30、的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。不定式也可作及物动词的宾语。例如：she covered her face with her hands. 她用双手蒙住脸。（名词短语作宾语）We havent seen her for a long time. 我们好长时间没看到她了。（代词作宾语）Do you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗？（动名词作宾语）Give me four please. 请给我四个。（数词作宾语）He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做

31、一个好梦。（动词不定式短语作宾语）We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。（从句作宾语）I lived in Japan in 1986. 我 1986 年住在日本。（名词和数词作介词的宾语）（五）定语定语（ attribute ）是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前； 短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、 形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

32、-第 8 页，共 14 页They are woman workers. 她们是女工。（名词作定语）Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. 汤姆的父亲直到昨天才给家里写信。（所有格名词作定语）Equal pay for equal work should be introduced. 应当实行同工同酬。（形容词作定语）The play has three acts. 这出戏有三幕。（数词作定语）This is her first trip to Europe. 这是她首次欧洲之行。（代词、数词和介词短语作定语）China is a devel

33、oping country. 中国是一个发展中国家。（分词作定语）You havent kept your promise to write us often. 你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。（动词不定式短语作定语）My cat has a good nose for milk. 我的猫对牛奶嗅觉灵敏。（介词短语作定语）Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人须在此签名。（从句作定语）（六）状语状语（ adverbial ）是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条

34、件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页These products are selling quickly. 这些产品现在十分畅销。（副词作状语）The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼居水底。（有价值的东西不能轻易得到。）（介词短语作状语）She sat there doing nothing. 她坐在那里无所事事。（分词短语作状语）Well send a car

35、over to fetch you. 我们将派一辆车去接你。（动词不定式短语作状语）She was slow to make up her mind. 她迟迟不能下决心。（动词不定式短语作状语）Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。（从句作状语）（七）宾语补足语和主语补足语英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语（object complement），才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语（subject complement）。可以担当补足语的有名词、形容

36、词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。例如：They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。（名词短语作宾语补足语）He made me ashamed of myself. 他使我感到惭愧。（形容词短语作宾语补足语）We found everything there in good order. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页我们发现那里的一切井井有条。（介词短语作宾语补足语）I should advise you not to miss the chance. 我劝你

37、不要错过机会。（不定式短语作宾语补足语）I could feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。（分词短语作宾语补足语）Some goods are left unsold. 有些货物剩下未出售。（分词做主语补足语）She was elected director of public relations. 她被选为公关部主任。（名词短语做主语补足语）动词中的实义动词和系动词可以担当谓语。动词不定式、 分词和动名词形式不能独立担当谓语。 介词是虚词的一种，不能独立担当句子成分，但介词加上其后的宾语所构成的介词短语，可在句中担当多种成分。7 前后缀me

38、nt, 表示 行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument -ment 附在动词或动词词根后构成名词表示被动意义bewilderment 迷惑-ment 附在动词或动词词根后构成名词表示工具或器物document 公文-ment 附在动词或动词词根后构成名词表示行为的具体结果achievement 成就-ment 附在动词或动词词根后构成名词表示行为或动作argument 争论-ment 附在动词或动词词根后构成名词表示性质或状态contentment 满足-ness, 表示 性质，状态，程度 goodne

39、ss, kindness, tiredness, friendliness sadness safe 安全的 safeness 安全lonely 孤独寂寞的 loneliness 孤独寂寞（词尾为y 的先改 y 为 i）happy 快乐的 happiness 快乐dark 黑暗的 darkness 黑暗tired 疲劳疲倦的 tiredness 疲劳疲倦kind 慈善的，宽容的，善良的 kindness 好意bitter 苦的 bitterness 苦味，苦难，怨恨silly 愚蠢的 silliness 愚蠢精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

40、 -第 11 页，共 14 页表示否定意义的前缀a- = not, without 表示 无、不 a-+ symmetry ( 对称 ) asymmetry不对称a- + typical ( 典型的 ) atypic al 非典型的dis- = not, deprive of 表示 不、剥夺 、取消 dis- + agree(一致，同意 ) disagree不一致，意见不合dis- + arm(武装 ) disarm解除武装dis-+approve (同意，批准 ) disapprove不赞成，不准il-, im-, in-, ir-= not表示 非 、不 il- + literate( 有

41、读写能力的) illiterate 文盲的im- + possible( 可能的 ) impossible 不可能的in- + valuable( 有价值的 ) invaluable无价的，非常珍贵的ir- + responsible( 对 负责任的 ) irresponsible不负责任的ir- + religious( 宗教的，虔诚的) irreligious 无信仰的，不虔诚的ir- + regular( 规则的 ) irregular不规则的8argue argue with sb .about/over sth 与某人辩论谋事argue for 为（支持 * ）而辩护argue ag

42、ainst 辩驳argue sb .into/out of doing sth 劝说某人做 /不做某事e.g. They are always arguing over/about money Argue 以为“ 争论，辩论” ， 重在自己的看法或立场提出论证说理，以理说服他人。Discuss 意为“ 讨论,重在交换意见，不含有说服对方的成分。Quarrel 意为” 争吵，吵架 “ ，重在表达因生气或强烈的不满而同别人争吵，含有故意的成分。9angry 1. 表示 “ 对某人生气 ” ，一般用介词with The teacher got angry with me. 老师对我生气了。精选学习资

43、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页2. 表示 “ 对某事生气 ” ，一般用介词at (about)：He was rather angry at what you said. 他对你说的话相当生气。I was angry about missing the film. 没看上那部电影我很气恼。He was angry at being kept waiting. 他因久等而生气。有的词书认为： at 之后接某人之言行，about 之后接某事，但这种区别并不十分严格，两者常可换用。3. 表示生气的原因，一般用介词for：He

44、 was angry with me for not having done anything. 因为我什么也没做，他对我很生气。注： be angry 之后除搭配介词外，还可接不定式或从句：He ll be angry to find that nothing has been done. 他发现什么都没做，他会生气的。He was angry that the door was locked. 门锁上了，他很生气。10 confident be confident of 对.事有信心，确信.（指对某具体的事有信心。如：对学习数学有信心be confident of studying mat

45、hs ）be confident in 在 .方面有信心 ,在 .领域有信心 （指在某一个范围，方面有信心。如： 在学习方面有信心be confident in study ）be confident with 比较泛 be confident with studying maths/be confident with study都可以用。11 satisfied I felt quite satisfied after my big meal. Im not satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence. I satisfied my

46、thirst with a glass of water. 12 Curious 1. 表示“好奇的”、“感兴趣的”，其后通常介词about 或不定式。如：The boy was curious about everything he saw. 这个小男孩对他所看到的一切都很好奇。He s curious to know what she said. 他想知道她说了什么。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 14 页be curious 之后还可接从句，表示 “ 感兴趣 ” ，其谓语可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气。如：They

47、are curious how it is should be made. 他们很想知道这是怎么做成的。2. 表示 “ 奇怪的 ” 、“ 不寻常的 ” 。如：I heard a curious noise coming from above. 我从上面听到传来一个奇怪的声音。有时后接从句，其谓语可以用陈述语气或虚拟语气。如：It is curious that he didn t tell you. 他没有告诉你，真是奇怪It s curious that he should have asked such a question. 他居然问那样的问题，真是奇怪。13 patient 做形容词，

48、为耐心的Sorry. Doctor Song is quite busy now. You should be patient and wait for a few minutes. 对不起，宋医生现在很忙，你要耐心些，再等几分钟。patient 除了可以作形容词以外，还可以作名词，意思是“ 病人 ” 。如：He is a patient with cancer. But he still lives quite happily every day. 他是一个癌症患者，但他每天仍然活得很快乐。be patient with ， 表示 “ 对 有耐心 ” 。如：You will have to be patient with her.Shes NOT very quick on the uptake. 你对她得耐心点，她的理解能力不太强。He is a _with cough. A. patient B. patients C. a patient D. be patient 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 14 页