2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件41：完形填空.ppt

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1、一、考纲要求与说明一、考纲要求与说明 完形填空题型考查考生语篇中灵活运用语言知识完形填空题型考查考生语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。这种题型既可以测试词汇、句法等语言方面的能力。这种题型既可以测试词汇、句法等语言方面的知识，又可以考查学生的理解、联想、判断、推理的知识，又可以考查学生的理解、联想、判断、推理等方面的思维能力，具有较强的区分度，对考生的能等方面的思维能力，具有较强的区分度，对考生的能力要求较高力要求较高 。二、完形填空的命题原理二、完形填空的命题原理 一篇文章有其主题思想，篇章结构，行文逻辑关一篇文章有其主题思想，篇章结构，行文逻辑关系及语言特色，即使挖去一些词语，仍可通过对剩余系

2、及语言特色，即使挖去一些词语，仍可通过对剩余部分的内容所作的分析与判断，准确推知空去的词语。部分的内容所作的分析与判断，准确推知空去的词语。 三、三、NMETNMET完形填空试题特点完形填空试题特点 1 1、所选文章题材广泛如日常生活、文史知识、科技小、所选文章题材广泛如日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、政治经济、人物、社会、故事等，体裁主要是记叙文说品、政治经济、人物、社会、故事等，体裁主要是记叙文说明文甚至于夹叙夹议。但总的看来，所选文章行文结构紧凑明文甚至于夹叙夹议。但总的看来，所选文章行文结构紧凑层次分明，逻辑性强，难度稍低于阅读理解。层次分明，逻辑性强，难度稍低于阅读理解。 2、文章长度

3、一般、文章长度一般300词左右，空距词左右，空距15词左右；选项为单词左右；选项为单个词汇为主，词汇考查以信息词汇为主（如名词、动词、形个词汇为主，词汇考查以信息词汇为主（如名词、动词、形容词、副词等）尤其以动词和名词为主，文章第一句往往不容词、副词等）尤其以动词和名词为主，文章第一句往往不挖空，保留提示句。挖空，保留提示句。 3、难度逐年稳步增加：一、难度逐年稳步增加：一、NMET完形填空立足语篇的完形填空立足语篇的试题数量在逐年增加；二、干扰项的干扰性也在逐年增加，试题数量在逐年增加；二、干扰项的干扰性也在逐年增加，干扰项一般与正确选项都属于同等词性或同等范畴，与空前干扰项一般与正确选项都

4、属于同等词性或同等范畴，与空前空后的词语也大多构成搭配，因而极具迷惑性、干扰性。空后的词语也大多构成搭配，因而极具迷惑性、干扰性。四、试题类型四、试题类型按照试题层次可分为四个类型：按照试题层次可分为四个类型：1、单词层次（用于考查单词拼写或词形变换）、单词层次（用于考查单词拼写或词形变换）2、词组层次（考查词组的固定搭配）、词组层次（考查词组的固定搭配）3、句子层次（考查句法内容）、句子层次（考查句法内容）4、语篇层次（考查对全文的把握）、语篇层次（考查对全文的把握） 近年来的高考试题中已没有单词层次的试题，试题近年来的高考试题中已没有单词层次的试题，试题主要为句子层次和语篇层次主要为句子层

5、次和语篇层次五、完形填空解题技巧五、完形填空解题技巧主要失分原因主要失分原因1、不善于抓住文中的主旨大意，片面理解，具体表现、不善于抓住文中的主旨大意，片面理解，具体表现是边看边填；是边看边填；2、不善于逻辑推理，容易受思维定势的干扰，忽视特、不善于逻辑推理，容易受思维定势的干扰，忽视特定语境中知识的应用；定语境中知识的应用；3、对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理，对完形填空处于、对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理，对完形填空处于应付状态，解题能力得不到提高。应付状态，解题能力得不到提高。解题技巧：解题技巧： 1 1、要首先把握文章的主题思想，篇章结构，、要首先把握文章的主题思想，篇章结构，行文逻辑甚至语

6、言特色，克服只从语法角度推理思行文逻辑甚至语言特色，克服只从语法角度推理思考的不良习惯。考的不良习惯。 2 2、要善于把握文中的关键信息，信息句（往、要善于把握文中的关键信息，信息句（往往就是文章或自然段的首尾句）和信息词（上文伏往就是文章或自然段的首尾句）和信息词（上文伏笔、下文呼应）。笔、下文呼应）。 3 3、采用正确的解题步骤：、采用正确的解题步骤：（1 1）跳空猜读，领悟大意。）跳空猜读，领悟大意。（2 2）准确推理，逐空选填。）准确推理，逐空选填。（3 3）及时复读，验证选项。）及时复读，验证选项。解题时应遵循的原则：解题时应遵循的原则：立足语篇原则立足语篇原则 前后贯通原则前后贯通

7、原则 先易后难原则先易后难原则推理方法举例推理方法举例例例1（04辽宁）辽宁） 42 is known to us all, there is not 43 (enough) water in all places for every-one to use as much as he likes. 42. A. That B. It C. What D. As 例例2（04重庆）重庆）Everyone was 48 afraid to go in because the fire was 49 (out of control) so I went in . 48. A. so B. much

8、C. quite D. too1、利用语法分析解题、利用语法分析解题、利用原词复现，同、近义词，反义词信息解题、利用原词复现，同、近义词，反义词信息解题 例例1 (04湖北湖北) “We dont want any money, Its our 55 ”. Clay realized that while it might have been their pleasure, it was now her duty to pass on their “do onto others” spirit. 55. A. wish B. job C. duty D. pleasure 例例2 (04江苏江

9、苏) On 39 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime 40 (brought) out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 39. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy 、利用固定搭配解题、利用固定搭配解题例例1（04全国全国III）I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the

10、classroom or talk with them 44 the telephone.44. A. in B. by C. from D. on 例例2（04北京）北京）Is all this pressure necessary? I 50 up leaving the football team ,Four other girls did the same ,and two of them stopped playing football completely.50. A. gave B. kept C. ended D. picked、利用上下文语境解题、利用上下文语境解题例例 (0

11、6全国全国I) On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront caf on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in 36 air. Crowded. Temper of both the tourists and waiters had 37 (risen) to meet the situation.36. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin 例例 （04全国全国III）.he would joi

12、n student groups to discuss a variety of 47 : agriculture, diving and mathematics. 47. A. questionsB. subjects C. mattersD. contents例例3(05 重庆重庆)The former 37 (make) every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly 38 attention to themselves . 38. A. give B. keep C. pay D. dr

13、aw 例例4 (06全国全国I) 44 appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to 45 (set) the table and take their 46 (order), and then walked back to the loud cheers of the rest of his 48 (customers). 44. A. The manager B. A friend C. A waiter D. The servant5、利用对比、排比和平行结构解题、利用对比、排比和平行结构解题例例1（04辽

14、宁）辽宁）The 48 (correct) water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 49 than from the below.49.A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above 例例2 (96NMET) 45 the wallet ,found in the street ,be put into a pocket 46 turned over to the policeman? Should the 47 (extra) change received at the store be forg

15、otten or 48 (returned)? 45. A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Need46. A. and B. or C. the D. but6、利用经验常识解题、利用经验常识解题例1 （05广东）She had a daughter, Persephone, whom she loved very much. Hades, god of the underworld, fell in love with Persephone, and he asked Zeus, the 37 of the gods, to give Persephone to h

16、im as his wife.37. A. winnerB. rulerC. advisorD. fighter例2 （2000全国）And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new roommate, dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nod ,she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you must be Cori.” Then ,she 45 the music and looked over at my father. “And of course, youre Mr. Faber,” s

17、he said.45.A. turned on B. turned down C. played D. enjoyedNMET 2000(春北京、安徽卷春北京、安徽卷)完形填空题完形填空题文章分析：学校宽松的管理学生的自觉行为不同的课程方式（以植物、数学为例）学校的优点（以己为例）本文介绍了free school与regular school之间的不同之处，说明了free school的优点。鲜明的对比P1：P2：P3：P4：大意：NMET 2000(春北京、安徽卷春北京、安徽卷)完形填空题完形填空题My Experience in a Free School At first I could

18、nt believe it! There were no 26 in rows; no bell rings; no one had to go to 27. Although we all lived “in”, 28 made us go to bed at a certain time; there was no lights out.26. A. desksB. lightsC. students D. buildings27. A. homeB. bedC. class D. work28. A. anybodyB. nobodyC. teachers D. parents The

19、29 thing was that practically all the students went to class, 30 very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or 31 class. The new ones always went wild 32, but this never lasted long. The 33 took some getting used to. Our teachers treated us like 34, never did we have to 3

20、5 “stand up”, “sit down”, “speak out”. I dont 36 one student who didnt try his best.29. A. sadB. lastC. good D. strange30. A. andB. butC. so D. yet31. A. attendedB. tookC. missed D. studied32. A. from then on B. at firstC. once more D. just then33. A. freedomB. habitC. time D. people34. A. workersB.

21、 pupilsC. gardeners D. grown-ups35. A. understandB. studyC. play D. say36. A. hear fromB. feel likeC. think about D. know of The subject were the same as those in 37 school, but what a difference in the approach(方法)! For example, in botany(植物学) we had 38 classes in the spring or fall but instead we

22、39 two gardens, a vegetable garden and a flower garden. 40 in winter we each studied a few 41 things about what we had grown. 37. A. night B. regularC. smallD. real38. A. all B. shortC. noD. indoor39. A. planted B. studiedC. drewD. toured40. A. Still B. ThenC. YetD. Next41. A. wild B. successfulC. u

23、sualD. particularIn math the students built three different kinds of storerooms-small ones 42, but usable. They did this instead of having lessons in the classroom. They really had a 43 time too, designing everything, drawing the blueprints, 44 the angles(角度角度) and so on. I didnt take 45. I cant sta

24、nd it! Besides, I could do the basic things with numbers. Thats 46.42. A. as wellB. after a while C. of courseD. as a result43. A. funny B. greatC. convenient D. thoughtful44. A. looking outB. taking out C. finding outD. figuring out45. A. math B. careC. botany D. notice46. A. dullB. interesting C.

25、enough D. dangerous 47 I think I am a 48 person for having gone to the school. I can read and write as well as anyone else my age, and I can think better. Thats probably a real big 49 between the free school and regular school-the amount of 50.47. A. On the wholeB. Once again C. Sooner or laterD. After a while48. A. carefulB. betterC. busierD. lovely49. A. problemB. chance C. differenceD. change50. A. readingB. gardening C. teachingD. thinking掌握方法是关键；掌握方法是关键； 勤于练习多思考，勤于练习多思考， 完形能力步步高完形能力步步高突破完形并不难，突破完形并不难，