中考专题复习--介词课件.pptx

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1、九年级总复习九年级总复习介介 词词介介 词词一、时间介词一、时间介词1. at, on, in.1. at, on, in.(1) at,(1) at,表示时间点。如：表示时间点。如：at 8:30at 8:30。还用于一些固定搭配中，例：。还用于一些固定搭配中，例：at noon, at nightat noon, at night。(2) on,(2) on,常用在星期、具体的日期及某一天的上午、常用在星期、具体的日期及某一天的上午、 下午、晚上前下午、晚上前, ,例：例： on Sunday, on June 1st, on Saturday evening, on Sunday, on

2、 June 1st, on Saturday evening, on the afternoon of May 2nd, on a cold morning. on the afternoon of May 2nd, on a cold morning.(3) in(3) in常用在年、月、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。例常用在年、月、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。例: : in 2020, in June, in summer, in the morning. in 2020, in June, in summer, in the morning.介介 词词2. since,for.2.

3、 since,for. “since + “since + 具体的过去时间点具体的过去时间点/ /时间段时间段 + ago ”, “for + + ago ”, “for + 一段时间一段时间”，常用于现在，常用于现在完成时。例：完成时。例： I have had the bike since three years ago. I have had the bike since three years ago. = I have had the bike for three years. = I have had the bike for three years. 我买这辆自行车三年了。我买这

4、辆自行车三年了。介介 词词3. after, before.3. after, before.(1) after(1) after(在在以后以后) )表示在某一时间点、时间段或事件过去之后，例：表示在某一时间点、时间段或事件过去之后，例： Shall we go for a walk after supper? Shall we go for a walk after supper? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗？晚饭后我们去散步好吗？(2) before(2) before(在在以前以前) )后只能接表示时间点的名词或数词，例：后只能接表示时间点的名词或数词，例： Please wash your

5、hands before meals. Please wash your hands before meals. 饭前请洗手。饭前请洗手。介介 词词4. in, after.4. in, after.(1) in(1) in，是指以现在时间为起点的，是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后在一段时间以后”，常用于一般将来时，常用于一般将来时， 用用how soonhow soon提问。例：提问。例： He will be back in two days. He will be back in two days. 他两天以后回来。他两天以后回来。(2) after(2) after，常指以过去时

6、间为起点的，常指以过去时间为起点的“在一段时间以后在一段时间以后”，常用于一般过去时，常用于一般过去时， 用用whenwhen提问。例：提问。例： He left on Monday and arrived in Beijing after three days. He left on Monday and arrived in Beijing after three days. 他星期一离开，三天之后到达了北京。他星期一离开，三天之后到达了北京。介介 词词5. “until + 5. “until + 时间点时间点”表示表示“某动作延续到该时间为止某动作延续到该时间为止”。(1) (1) 在

7、肯定句中，谓语动词要用延续性动词；例：在肯定句中，谓语动词要用延续性动词；例： I waited there until midnight. I waited there until midnight. 我在那儿一直等到午夜。我在那儿一直等到午夜。(2) (2) 句子中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，常用其否定形式，句子中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，常用其否定形式，“not until ”(“not until ”(直直到到才才)，例：，例： He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night. He didnt go to bed until 11 ocl

8、ock last night. 昨晚他直到昨晚他直到1111点才睡觉。点才睡觉。介介 词词6. “by + 6. “by + 时间点时间点”表示表示“到到时间为止时间为止”。(1) (1) 如果是将来的时间点，句子时态应用将来完成时。例：如果是将来的时间点，句子时态应用将来完成时。例： We will have learned 500 words by the end of this term. We will have learned 500 words by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学会到这个学期末，我们将学会500500个单词。个单词。(2) (2

9、) 如果是过去的时间点，句子时态应用过去完成时。例：如果是过去的时间点，句子时态应用过去完成时。例： He had read three novels by last month. He had read three novels by last month. 截止到上个月，他已经读了三本小说了。截止到上个月，他已经读了三本小说了。介介 词词7. “during + 7. “during + 时间段时间段”与延续性动词连用，表示在这一段时间内的动作。例：与延续性动词连用，表示在这一段时间内的动作。例： He lives with us during these years. He lives

10、with us during these years. 这些年他跟我们住在一起。这些年他跟我们住在一起。介介 词词用时间介词用时间介词in, on, at, since, after, forin, on, at, since, after, for填空。填空。1. There will be a soccer game 1. There will be a soccer game onon the morning of June 15? the morning of June 15?2. We have an English class 2. We have an English class

11、 onon Monday morning. Monday morning.3. Its five years 3. Its five years sincesince he left school. he left school.4. Our school has a school trip 4. Our school has a school trip inin October. October.5. Im going to America 5. Im going to America inin spring. spring.6. I usually go to go shopping6.

12、I usually go to go shopping inin the morning. the morning.7. He usually gets up7. He usually gets up atat six oclock six oclock onon Sundays. Sundays.8. He returned 8. He returned afterafter a month. a month.9. He has lived here 9. He has lived here forfor 2 weeks. 2 weeks.10. He has lived here 10.

13、He has lived here sincesince 2 weeks ago. 2 weeks ago.介介 词词二、方位介词二、方位介词1. at, in.1. at, in.(1) at (1) at 后通常接较小的地点，例：后通常接较小的地点，例：at home at home 在家在家, at the bus stop , at the bus stop 在公共汽车站。在公共汽车站。(2) in (2) in 后通常接较大的地点，例：后通常接较大的地点，例：in China in China 在中国在中国, in the world , in the world 在世界上。在世界上

14、。介介 词词2. in, on, to.2. in, on, to.(1) in (1) in 表示在某一范围内部；例：表示在某一范围内部；例：Shanghai is in the east of China. Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。上海在中国的东部。(2) on (2) on 表示接壤；例：表示接壤；例：North Korea is on the east of China. North Korea is on the east of China. 朝鲜在中国东面。朝鲜在中国东面。(3) to (3) to 表示不在范围内，也不

15、接壤。例：表示不在范围内，也不接壤。例：Japan is to the east of China. Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国东面。日本在中国东面。 Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific on the Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific on the east.east.日本在亚洲东部日本在亚洲东部( (范围内范围内) )，中国

16、东面，中国东面( (不接壤不接壤) )，东临太平洋，东临太平洋( (接壤接壤) )。介介 词词3. on, over, above.3. on, over, above.(1) on (1) on 表示表示“在在上面上面”，两者相互接触。例：，两者相互接触。例： There are some books on the desk. There are some books on the desk. 书桌上有一些书。书桌上有一些书。(2) over (2) over 表示表示“在在正上方正上方”，其反义词是，其反义词是underunder。例：。例： There is a bridge over

17、the river. There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。河上有一座桥。(3) above (3) above 表示表示“在在上方上方( (不一定垂直不一定垂直)”)”，其反义词是，其反义词是belowbelow。例：。例： The light is above the desk. The light is above the desk. 灯在书桌上方。灯在书桌上方。介介 词词4. in front of, in the front of.4. in front of, in the front of.(1) in front of = befor

18、e (1) in front of = before 表示表示“在在之前之前”，指在某个范围之外的前面。，指在某个范围之外的前面。 其反义词为其反义词为behindbehind。例：。例： There is a big tree in front of my house. There is a big tree in front of my house. 在我家门前有一棵大树。在我家门前有一棵大树。 Jim sits behind Tom. Jim sits behind Tom. 吉姆坐在汤姆的后面。吉姆坐在汤姆的后面。(2) in the front of (2) in the front

19、 of 表示表示“在在前面前面”，指在某个范围之内的前面。，指在某个范围之内的前面。 其反义词组其反义词组at the back ofat the back of。例：。例： Kate sits in the front of the classroom. Kate sits in the front of the classroom. 凯特坐在教室的前面。凯特坐在教室的前面。 There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom. There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom. 教室后面有

20、一块黑板。教室后面有一块黑板。介介 词词5. by, beside, near, next to.5. by, beside, near, next to.(1) by(1) by和和besidebeside都表示都表示“在在旁边旁边”，常可互换，但，常可互换，但byby多指多指“倚、靠、沿着倚、靠、沿着”。例：。例： Li Lei is standing by/beside the window. Li Lei is standing by/beside the window. 李雷站在窗户旁。李雷站在窗户旁。(2) near(2) near表示表示“在在附近附近”，表示的距离比，表示的距离

21、比byby和和besidebeside稍远些。例：稍远些。例： Dont play near the road. Dont play near the road. 不要在马路附近玩。不要在马路附近玩。(3) next to(3) next to表示表示“紧挨着紧挨着”，离物体的距离比，离物体的距离比nearnear近。例：近。例： Peter sits next to Tom. Peter sits next to Tom. 彼得紧挨着汤姆坐着。彼得紧挨着汤姆坐着。介介 词词6. between, among.6. between, among.(1) between(1) between表示

22、表示“在两者之间在两者之间”，例：，例： Can you tell me the differences between the two words? Can you tell me the differences between the two words? 你能告诉我这两个单词之间的区别吗？你能告诉我这两个单词之间的区别吗？(2) among(2) among表示表示“在三者或三者以上之间在三者或三者以上之间”，例：，例： Mr. Wang is standing among the students. Mr. Wang is standing among the students. 王老

23、师正站在学生们中间。王老师正站在学生们中间。介介 词词7. across,through.7. across,through.(1) across(1) across，横过，穿过，表示从物体表面的一边到另一边。例：，横过，穿过，表示从物体表面的一边到另一边。例： He can swim across the river. He can swim across the river. 他能游过这条河。他能游过这条河。(2) through, (2) through, 穿过，表示从物体空间的内部穿过。例：穿过，表示从物体空间的内部穿过。例： Its hard to go through the fo

24、rest. Its hard to go through the forest. 穿过这片森林很难。穿过这片森林很难。介介 词词三、方式介词三、方式介词1. 1. 表示交通方式：表示交通方式：by, in, on.by, in, on.(1) “by + (1) “by + 交通工具名词交通工具名词”表示表示“乘坐某种交通工具乘坐某种交通工具”，交通工具名词用单数形式，交通工具名词用单数形式， 且其前不加任何冠词。例：且其前不加任何冠词。例： Jenny goes to school by bike. Jenny goes to school by bike. 珍妮骑自行车去上学。珍妮骑自行车

25、去上学。 Mr. Green goes to work by car. Mr. Green goes to work by car. 格林先生开车去上班。格林先生开车去上班。(2) (2) 用用inin和和onon时，交通工具名词前要加冠词或形容词性物主代词。例：时，交通工具名词前要加冠词或形容词性物主代词。例： I will go there in my fathers car. I will go there in my fathers car. 我将坐爸爸的车去那儿。我将坐爸爸的车去那儿。 She will leave on an early train. She will leave

26、on an early train. 她将乘坐早班火车离开。她将乘坐早班火车离开。介介 词词2. 2. 表示使用手段或工具：表示使用手段或工具：by, in, with, on.by, in, with, on.(1) by(1) by表示通过某种方式或手段，后跟名词或动名词。如果宾语是名词，则名词要用单数，表示通过某种方式或手段，后跟名词或动名词。如果宾语是名词，则名词要用单数，且其前不加任何冠词。例：且其前不加任何冠词。例： This pair of shoes is made by hand. This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工制作的。这

27、双鞋是手工制作的。(2) in(2) in表示使用某种语言，穿某种颜色的衣服。例：表示使用某种语言，穿某种颜色的衣服。例： Whats this in English? Whats this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？这个用英语怎么说？ That girl is in red. That girl is in red. 那个女孩穿着红色的衣服。那个女孩穿着红色的衣服。(3) with(3) with后接工具。例：后接工具。例： I often do my homework with a pen. I often do my homework with a pen. 我经常用钢笔

28、做作业。我经常用钢笔做作业。(4) on(4) on后接电子通讯设备。例：后接电子通讯设备。例： They often chat on the phone. They often chat on the phone. 他们通常通过电话聊天。他们通常通过电话聊天。介介 词词用介词用介词 by, in, with, on by, in, with, on 填空填空 1. Do you usually go to work 1. Do you usually go to work onon foot or foot or byby bike? bike?2. Mary is talking 2. M

29、ary is talking onon the phone with her friend the phone with her friend3. Alice is repairing his toy car 3. Alice is repairing his toy car withwith a hammer( a hammer(铁锤铁锤).).4. We go to school 4. We go to school byby bus every day. bus every day.5. Please answer my questions 5. Please answer my que

30、stions inin English. English.介介 词词四、其他介词四、其他介词1. on,in.1. on,in.(1) in the tree, (1) in the tree, 指外来物在树上；指外来物在树上；on the tree, on the tree, 指自生物在树上。例：指自生物在树上。例： There is a bird in the tree. There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。树上有一只鸟。 There are many apples on the tree. There are many apples on the tr

31、ee. 树上有许多苹果。树上有许多苹果。(2) on the wall, (2) on the wall, 在墙表面上；在墙表面上；in the wall, in the wall, 镶在墙里面。例：镶在墙里面。例： There is a picture on the wall. There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅画。墙上有一幅画。 There is a window in the wall. There is a window in the wall. 墙上有一扇窗。墙上有一扇窗。介介 词词2. besides,except, but.2. besid

32、es,except, but.(1) besides,“(1) besides,“除除之外，还有之外，还有”，（表示肯定，是递进关系），（表示肯定，是递进关系） Besides Mr. Liu, some people ran to help the old man. Besides Mr. Liu, some people ran to help the old man. 除了刘老师，还有几个人跑过去帮那位老人。除了刘老师，还有几个人跑过去帮那位老人。(2) except,“(2) except,“除除之外，其余都之外，其余都”，所修饰的人或物被排除在外，不与大多数一致。，所修饰的人或物被排

33、除在外，不与大多数一致。 All the students went to the park except Jack. All the students went to the park except Jack. 除杰克外，其余的学生都去了公园。除杰克外，其余的学生都去了公园。(3) nothing(nobody) but (3) nothing(nobody) but ，“除除之外，不再有什么之外，不再有什么”。 There is nothing but an old book in the box. There is nothing but an old book in the box.

34、箱子里除了一本旧书外别无他物。箱子里除了一本旧书外别无他物。介介 词词五、介词短语五、介词短语( (一一) ) 介词介词 + + 名词名词1. at birth 1. at birth 出生时出生时 2. at home 2. at home 在家在家3. at present 3. at present 现在现在 4. at school 4. at school 在学校在学校5. at work 5. at work 上班；在工作上班；在工作 6. at the moment 6. at the moment 此刻此刻7. at the same time 7. at the same t

35、ime 同时同时 8. on duty 8. on duty 值日值日 9. on foot 9. on foot 步行步行 10. on holiday 10. on holiday 度假度假 11. on sale 11. on sale 降价出售降价出售 12. on time 12. on time 准时准时 介介 词词13. on vacation 13. on vacation 度假度假 14. on weekends 14. on weekends 在周末在周末15. in class 15. in class 在课堂上在课堂上 16. in danger 16. in dang

36、er 在危险中在危险中17. in English 17. in English 用英语用英语 18. in fact 18. in fact 事实上；实际上事实上；实际上19. in person 19. in person 亲身；亲自亲身；亲自 20. in public 20. in public 公开地公开地21. in silence 21. in silence 沉默；无声沉默；无声 22. in time 22. in time 及时及时23. in the end 23. in the end 最后最后 24. in total 24. in total 总共；合计总共；合计介

37、介 词词( (二二) ) 动词动词 + + 介词介词1. agree with 1. agree with 赞同；持相同意见赞同；持相同意见 2. arrive at/in 2. arrive at/in 到达到达3. ask for 3. ask for 要求；请求要求；请求 4. belong to 4. belong to 属于属于5. care about 5. care about 担心；关心担心；关心 6. care for 6. care for 关心；照顾关心；照顾7. deal with 7. deal with 处理；应付处理；应付 8. depend on 8. depe

38、nd on 视视而定；决定于而定；决定于9. get on 9. get on 上车上车 10. get off 10. get off 下车下车11. hear about/of 11. hear about/of 听说听说 12. laugh at 12. laugh at 嘲笑；取笑嘲笑；取笑介介 词词13. learn from 13. learn from 向向学习学习 14. listen to 14. listen to 听听15. look after 15. look after 照顾；照看照顾；照看 16. look at 16. look at 看；朝看；朝看看17. l

39、ook for 17. look for 寻找；寻求寻找；寻求 18. look through 18. look through 浏览浏览19. shout at 19. shout at 冲冲大声叫嚷大声叫嚷 20. shout to 20. shout to 对对大声喊叫大声喊叫21. take after 21. take after 与与相像相像 22. talk about 22. talk about 谈论谈论23. think of 23. think of 思考；考虑思考；考虑 24. wait for 24. wait for 等候；等待等候；等待25. worry abo

40、ut 25. worry about 担心担心介介 词词( (三三) be + ) be + 形容词形容词 + + 介词介词1. be afraid of 1. be afraid of 害怕害怕 2. be bad for 2. be bad for 对对有害有害3. be busy with 3. be busy with 忙于忙于 4. be different from 4. be different from 与与不同不同5. be good at 5. be good at 擅长于擅长于 6. be good with 6. be good with 善于应付善于应付的的7. be

41、 good for7. be good for对对有利有利 8. be hard on sb. 8. be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻对某人苛刻9. be harmful to 9. be harmful to 对对有害有害 10. be interested in 10. be interested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣11. be late for 11. be late for 迟到迟到 12. be known for 12. be known for 以以闻名；为人知晓闻名；为人知晓13. be proud of 13. be proud of 为为骄傲骄傲 14. be

42、responsible for 14. be responsible for 对对有责任有责任15. be similar to 15. be similar to 与与相像的相像的 16. be strict with sb. 16. be strict with sb.对某人要求严格对某人要求严格17. be thirsty for 17. be thirsty for 渴望；渴求渴望；渴求介介 词词( D )1( D )1-When did your pen pal arrive _ Beijing? -When did your pen pal arrive _ Beijing? -H

43、e got here_ the morning of the 9th of June. -He got here_ the morning of the 9th of June. A. at; in B. in; in C. to; on D. in; on A. at; in B. in; in C. to; on D. in; on ( B )2( B )2-Would you like some coffee?-Would you like some coffee? -Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee _ mil

44、k. -Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee _ milk. A. to B. with C. then A. to B. with C. then D. of D. of( C )3( C )3We all think We all think is kind is kind you to give your seat to a young lady with you to give your seat to a young lady with a baby in her arms yesterday. a baby i

45、n her arms yesterday. A Athat, forthat, for B Bit, forit, for C Cit, ofit, of D Dthat, ofthat, of( D )4( D )4-Please look _ the pictures above and answer my questions.-Yes, sir.-Please look _ the pictures above and answer my questions.-Yes, sir. A. on B. over C. up D. at A. on B. over C. up D. at( D

46、 )5. -Look! There is a hole ( D )5. -Look! There is a hole the wall.The mouse must run away from here. the wall.The mouse must run away from here. -I think so. If there is not a picture -I think so. If there is not a picture the hole, we can easily find it. the hole, we can easily find it. A. in; in

47、 the front of B. on; in the front of A. in; in the front of B. on; in the front of C. on; in front of D. in; in front of C. on; in front of D. in; in front of介介 词词( D )6( D )6-Did you study any other foreign language _ English when you were at college?-Did you study any other foreign language _ Engl

48、ish when you were at college? -Yes,I studied three -Yes,I studied threeBut I have forgotten all _ a few words of eachBut I have forgotten all _ a few words of each A. besides; besides B. but; except C. except; except D. besides; except A. besides; besides B. but; except C. except; except D. besides;

49、 except( C )7. -Do you know the student _ David and Jack? -Yeah. Its Jim.( C )7. -Do you know the student _ David and Jack? -Yeah. Its Jim. A. among B. in C. between D. around A. among B. in C. between D. around( C )8. -What did he have ( C )8. -What did he have breakfast this morning? breakfast thi

50、s morning? -He got up late so he hurried to school -He got up late so he hurried to school breakfast. breakfast. A. for; after B. at; after C. for; without D. at; with A. for; after B. at; after C. for; without D. at; with( B )9. -Its too late. I have to go now.( B )9. -Its too late. I have to go no